FOUND FAME IN YOUTH
MARCONI YOUNG IN YEARS 18
GREAT IN RENOWN.
Invanto:' of Wireless Telegraphy New
It but Forty-One Years Old How
the Great Idea Came to
Hla Mind.
It Is almost startling to be told that
Marconi, too Inventor ot wireless teleg
raphy, Is only forty-one years old.
True, all talk of the present as "tbe
age of young men," and when Marconi
broke into fame everyone remarked:
"How young he is!" But so much has
come out of his harnessing of tbe
ether forces, so many big events and
developments, that it sees as if Mar
conl could be no longer young. And
he 1b yet hardly over forty.
' In boyhood Harconi showed ability
in mechanics somewhat above that of
tbe average lad, but until he was
twenty he knew little more of elec
tricity than most youths ot his age,
It was then, however, that be became
Interested in the work of Prof. Heln-
rlch Hertz, a German scientist, who,
in attempting to discover the nature
- of electricity, accidentally produced
electro-magnetic waves and detected
their presence In the ether by means
of a wire hoop so broken that the
electricity sparked across the gap.
r Mot even Hertz himself realized the
tremendous importance of hlB discov
ery. Men like Professor Lodge, Lord
Kelvin and Sir William Pierce talked
of it, but it remained for the young
Italian dreamer to Jump across tbe
gap of years of scientific study and
make practical tbe moBt important
discovery since Faraday Invented the
induction coil. The thought came to
Marconi that here was a principle
which should be applied to communi
cation over great distances,
t The -Idea, as we look back on it
now, seems absurdly simple. Hertz
detected a spark in a broken hoop, a
few feet away from the flash of an
Induction coil. Why didn't he get
better detector than a broken hoop
and a better transmitter than a small
Induction coll, and send out flashes
in such a manner that the detector
would record a message? ' The only
answer is, he aldn't do it Why didn't
Lodge or Kelvin er Pierce or any one
of the hosts of famous scientists utll-
. lze Hertz's discovery? The answer Is,
they didn't
i It remained for a young man, un
known and inexpert, to grasp the pos
sibilities. He expected someone else
to do It, he waited for someone else
to do it. He did r.ot know when it
would be, for the surprising reason
that to him the great scientists were
unnamable. He was not acquainted
with their work or even their names
except Hertz's. He was not an elec
trician. He had no academic or scien
tific degree. But genius burned within
him, and he began to experiment for
himself. That was in December, 1894.
Deaths on the Highways.
, During the first bIx months of the
present year there seems to have been
an alarming increase in the number of
deaths and accidents in the publlo
highways. This increase is not con
fined to any character. For instance,
the fatalities due to automobiles in
New York state Increased from 183 In
1914 to 241 this year. In New Jersey
during the same period there were
48 deaths and this year 88. Popula
tion grows and so does the number of
vehicles in use on the highways, but
neither are sufficient to account for
this unreasonable increase in deaths
on the highways. Drivers and pedes
trians both have their rights, but the
observance of ordinary care on the
part of the man in .the vehicle and the
man off foot .would undoubtedly cause
a big decrease In the number of avoid
able deaths, the Philadelphia Inquirer
remark
WHEN TO WEAN LITTLE PIGS
Many of Best Hog Men Take All
Young Animals Away at same
r Time Good Plan Outlined. ,
Should the pigs be weaned at six to
eight weeks ot age, or should they be
allowed to run with the sows until
the sows wean them?
Sows which raise two litters a year
had best wean their spring litter at
six to eight weeks of age. Some farm
ers who keep sows only for one litter
are in favor of early weaning so that
the sows may be dried off rapidly and
fattened.
If the pigs are to be weaned early,
they must be taught to eat grain long
before they are weaned. Two or three
weeks old pigs will learn to nibble a
little. A good grain mixture is SO
parts of corn, 20 parts of middlings,
10 parts of tankage or wheat meal,
6 parts of oats and 5 parts of oil
meal. If skimmed milk may be bad
it should certainly be ted, especially
Just after weaning time.
Many of our best hog men now wean
their pigs early and wean them all at
the same time. The day before wean
ing they put the sows and pigs to
gether in a pen by themselves and give
the sowb little or no food that day.
The pigs are allowed to drain the
bows' udders and the next day the
pigs are put In a good pasture by
themselves and given a nutritious ra
tion, skim milk being fed If It Is
available. The sows are put on short
pasture and for the first day or two
are given plenty to drink but little to
eat In a short time they are dried
up completely and they may be given
-a good ration to get tbem in conuiuon
for breeding or for market
WIDE TIRES ASSIST HAULING
Do Not Cut Deeply and Make Better
Tracks on Roads Which Are Trav
eled While Boil la 8oft
(Br F. A. WIRT. Kansas Experiment Sta
tion j
Wide-tired wagons pull more easily
than narrow tired ones 90 pet cent of
the times when they are used. Pro
fessor Wirt has Just completed ex
periments with wide and with narrow-
tired wagons.
Narrow tires pull harder than wide
tires because the narrow tire cuts
deeper into the top soil. - The wide
tire does not cut so deep and makes a
better track on' roads which are
traveled while tbe ground Is soft The
wide tire packs the surface Into a firm
roadbed.-
The tests show that in corn fields,
plowed fields, .field lanes and on pas
ture and alfalfa land, the draft on the
wide tire is considerably less no mat
ter what the condition of the soil.
In places where the mud is deep and
rolls up on the wheels, in ruts made
by narrow wheels, or in a surface of
mud with a hard ground beneath, the
narrow tire will pull more easily. The
narrow wheel fits the rut, on the hard
bottom ot which it runs, and it col
lects less mud than the wide tire.
Were only wide tires used, however,
this condition hardly could occur.
KEEPING FEED OUT OF MUD
Arrangement Illustrated for Preserv
ing Corn Fallen From Trough
Stook May Eat In Comfort. "
Around every feed bunk there
should be some arrangement for pre
serving the teed and keeping the cat
tie out of the mud. If the bottom of
the feed trough Is made with one-quar.
Good Feeding Floor.
ter Inch cracks between the boards
much loose corn will fall through
which hogs following the cattle will
make good use ot
DESTROY LITTLE RED MITES
Hen Is Powerless to Protect Hsrsalf
From Ravages of Vermin Egg
Laying Out of Question.
There is no poultry parasite that
our feathered friends are less power
less to combat than the common red
mite. The body lice, can be kept in
check by the hen if she has her ho
erty, because she will frequently find
a good dusting place and proceed to
cleanse herself and make things very
uncomfortable for the lice. But on ac
count of her attachment to her borne,
no matter how poor It is, she will go
back every night to infested roosts
and allow the mites to crawl upon her
and suck her llfeblood. Poor biddy is
powerless to protect herself and un
less friend man steps in and does
something for her she soon becomes
emaciated and dejeoted, and egg-laying
is entirely out of the question,
Tbe red mite is one of the most com
mon causes of no eggs when there
ought to be some eggs.
. Cleanliness In the coop is an Im
portant factor in the control ot the
mite, as it will hide under filth, drop
pings and litter, as well as in cracks
and crevices of the roosts and nests.
Clean coops, however, are not entirely
free from infestation and may even
become seriously infested it not given
treatment ' Spraying' is a common
means of control, cresol sprays or ker
osene emulsion being recommended.
On account ot being unable to accom
plish thorough work by spraying It is
necessary to spray frequently In or
der to keep the mites In check.
Probably the most thorough method
of control Is by fumigation. The
fumes will permeate every part of the
coop and kill all the mites, regardless
of whether they are In tbe litter or on
the roosts. As all of the mites are
killed the treatment will be effective
for a long time, as It will be some
time before a coop will become infest
ed again. The fumigation method Is
the easiest one to control the mites.
All that is necessary Is to place the
proper amount of fumlgant in an open
kettle, light It and close the doors
tightly. When the doors are opened
several hours later the coop Is entire
ly bugless. In order to get good re
sults It Is necessary to use a sufficient
amount of good fumlgant The com
mercial article is the most convenient
to use and will assure good results U
the directions are followed.
VENTILATING A SHEEP SHED
Manner of Arrangement 8hown In
Illustration Gives Ample Supply
of Fresh Air for Animals.
Tbe manner of arranging a sheep
shed, as shown In the Illustration, fur
nishes the desired fresh air and pre
vents the storm, rains, etc., from get
ting inside, where ordinary door ar
rangements are not always sure, fly-
, Shed Ventilators.
Ing open with force frequently. The
top of this shed may be left open the
greater part of the time without harm
ing the flock at all. v
8avea Time and Labor.
By having a stout pole lying right
under the hay rack on the upper tim
bers In the barn for the hay to drop
on when It Is tripped from slings or
forks, it saves a man In a mow. It
also saves the bay from pounding
down in the center which sometimes
causes it to mold. As the hay drops
on the poles It rolls to either side and
spreads. The slings are a great labor
and time saver.
WITH THE GOOSEBERRY
RECIPES FOR PRESERVES AND
OTHER DI8HE8.
Made Up Into Jam It WHI Be Appre
ciated In the Winter Method
of Serving Them in
-. Batter.
Gooseberry Jam. Seven pounds
green gooseberries, eight pounds
sugar. : . - .
Method. Top and tall the goose
berries and place them in a preserv
ing pan. Add- the sugar and slowly
bring to boiling point and boll for 40
minutes. If the Jam Jellies quickly
when a sample is placed on a saucer
It Is quite ready and must be bottled
at once.
To Bottle Gooseberries. Gather to
gether some bottles with wide necks.
See that they are perfectly clean and
dry. Fill them with gooseberries and
place in the oven until thoroughly hot
through without breaking the skins.
Remove from the oven, add two table
spoonfuls sugar to each bottle, and
fill up with boiling water. Seal with
paraffin and store.
Gooseberries In Batter. Four table-
spoonfuls flour, two eggs, plncU salt,
half pint milk, half pint gooseberries,
one tablespoonful sugar, ten ounces
dripping or butter.
Method. Prepare the batter by mix
ing the flour and salt with a little
miUTand the eggs beaten to a froth.
Beat this thoroughly until Bmooth and
the surface free of bubbles. Stir In
gently the remainder of the milk.
Heat the tat until smoking hot in
baking tin and pour in the batter and
gooseberries. . Bake In a hot oven for
half to three-quarters of an hour. Out
into sections and sprinkle freely with
pulverized sugar.
Gooseberry Souffle. One pint stewed
gooseberries, quarter .pound sugar, two
ounces butter, 1 ounce flour, two
teasDoonfuls corn flour, ' three eggs,
one teaoupful milk. .
Method. Prepare a sauce with the
flour, corn flour, milk and butter.
Stir In the gooseberry pulp and the
yolks of eggs, also the sugar. Beat
the whites to a stiff froth and fold -these
carefully into the mixture. Pre
pare a souffle mold by tying a greased
paper round the top. Plaoe the mix
ture in the tin and. steam for an hour.
Turn out very carefully and serve at
once. - " ' .
Gooseberry - Jelly. Seven pounds
green gooseberries, two quarts water,
one pound sugar to each pint liquid.
Method. Crush the gooseberries
with the rolling-pin or potato masher.
Place these In a nan with the water
and cook until soft and tender. Strain
the mixture very carefully, without
squeezing, through a coarse cloth.
Add a pound ot sugar to each pint of
liquid and boll for half an hour to
three-quarters. "
Ideal Soup Kettle.
One of the woeful aspects of sous-
making in the pre-enamel-ware
days waB the cleansing: of -the hAavr
iron kettle; for washing a kettle big
enough to hold a shinbone of beet
with trimmings was no Joke. To
day, however, one can have Mia trim
enameled kettle in any size, light, yet
strong, and all it needs is hot suds
and a good rinsing to make it beauti
fully clean and sanitary. If. in addi
tion, there is a colander of enamel
ware for straining of the soup Into a
pan to match, the equipment is Ideal
tor cleanliness, quickness and results.
r Orange Cake.
One-half cupful butter, one cupful
sugar, three eggs, one-half cupful milk,
one and one-half cupfuls flour, three
fourths teaspoontul . baking ; powder.
Stir butter and sugar to a cream, beat
the whites of three eggs to a stiff
froth and add them to the sifted flour
and baking powder, with the milk, al
ternately, to the creamed butter and
sugar. Bake in two equal-sized tins.