.'ILK MUST BE PURL I
IMPOSSIBLE TO GIVE TOO MUCH
CARE TO BABY'S FOOD. " ;
"Artlflclr Feeding Mean Constant
-, Watehfulnese If the Health of the
Little One le to Be Properly
Preserved.
(Prepared for Thli Paper by the Chil
dren'! Bureau, U. 8. Department of
Labor.)
When, for any reason, the baby can
not have breast milk, he must be fed
on a bottle. This method of feeding
Is known as "artificial" feeding, be
cause It Is an Imitation of the natural
way.
Since It was not nature's intention
that a baby should be ted on cow's
milk, the baby finds it very bard often
times to adapt his digestive organs to
the strange food, and consequently
"many thousands of babies, who would
have lived and thrived on breast milk,
die every year because they are un
able thus to adapt themselves.
On the baby's account, first of all,
every mother will do all in her power
to secure breast milk, but on her own
account there are many reasons why
she should choose to do this.
Artificial feeding requires the con
stant attention of some one person
and necessitates daily, painstaking
work, which can be left undone only
at the risk of the baby's health.
The mother must first of all study
her milk supply. Then after clean,
fresh milk has been obtained it must
have the most careful attention, and
bottles, nipples, and all the utenBlls
employed In making op the feedings
must be scrubbed and sterilized every
. day.
In addition, the baby must be con
stantly watched to see how his food
is suittng him. His weight, the condi
tion of his Bkin and of his bowels must
be noted, and the strength and quan
tity of his food Increased or decreased
In accordance with these conditions.
A simple rule for feeding the aver
age healthy baby after the first month
is to give him ly, ounces of milk in
24 hours, for every pound of weight
Thus, a ten-pound baby will need IS
ounces of milk in 24 hours, diluted
with water and sweetened according
to his age.
"n. On the first two days of his life
the artificially fed baby should have
nothing to eat except a little slightly
warm water, to which a very little
sugar may be added.
The following directions for feeding
the baby have been prepared by a com
mittee of the American Medical asso
ciation. "Beginning on the third day, the
average baby should be given three
ounces of milk- dally, diluted with
seven ounces of water. To this should
be added one tablespoonful of lime
water and two level teaspoonfuls of
sugar. This should be given In seven
feedings.
"At one week the average child re
quires five ounces of milk dally, which
should be diluted with ten ounces of
water. To this should be added one
and one-half even tablespoonfuls of
sugar and one ounce of limewater.
This should be given in seven feed
ings. The milk should be increased
by one-half ounce about every four
days. The water should be increased
by one-half ounce every eight days.
"At three months the average child
requires 16 ounces of milk daily, which
should be diluted with 16 ounces of
water. To this Bhould be added three
tablespoonfuls of sugar and two
ounces of limewater. This should be
given In six feedings. The milk should
he Increased by one-half ounce every
six days. The water should be re
duced by one-half, ounce about every
two weeks.
"At six months the average child re
quires 24 ounces of milk dally, which
dhould be diluted with 12 ounces -ef-wster.
To this should be added two
ounces of limewater and three even
tablespoonfuls-of sugar. This sbouM
be given In five feedings. This amount
of milk should be Increased by on
naif ounce every week. The mill
should be increased only if the child
Is hungry and digesting his food well
"At -nine months the average chili
requires 30 ounces of milk daily,
which, should be diluted with ten
ounces of water. -To this should b
added t-,.9 even tablespoonfuls of su
gar and two ounces of limewater. Thli
Bhould be given In live feedings. The
sngar added mic be milk sugar or 11
this cannot be obtained can (granu
lated) sugar or maltose (malt sugar).
At first plain water should be used te
dilota the milk.
"At three months, sometimes earlier,
a weak barley water may be used In
the place of plain water; It is made ol
one-half level tablespoonful of barley
flour to 16 ounces of water and cooked
tor 20 minutes."
"At six months the barley flour may
be Increased to one and one-half even
tablespoonfuls cooked in the 12 ounces
of water. ; . ; J; ,
"At nine months the barley flour may
be increased to three level tablespoon
fuls cooked In the eight ounces of wa
ter." In the hottest weather the baby's
food should be weakened by pouting
out one-quarter of the usual contents
of the bottle and adding an equal
amount of boiled water.
He should be fed with absolute regu
larlty, once In every three hours, for
the first five months of his life, and
the interval should be gradually
lengthened until at six months It Is
four hours.
Give the baby plenty of cool drink
ing water between meals, especially
in hot weather.
SUBSTITUTE FOR ICE BOX
Food May Be Kept Cool In Contriv
ance Which le Not at All Hard :
te Put Together.
A box fitted up to hold food helps
to solve the problem of keeping food
during the heated months. If the
cover is removed and the bottom ta
ken out, and the remaining frame
fitted with a shelf or two, and then
stood in a window that la free from
sun and to which the breeze has ac
cess, it proves quite a good cooler.
But Its construction is not complete
until it Is covered with strips of heavy
cloth, such as burlap, sacking, or flan
nel. These are fastened on top of the
box and hang down over the sides,
completely covering the whole. On
top of this again is placed a dish of
water, with narrow strips of material
laid In it and hanging over on the
cloth covering of the box. The water
oozes through these and keeps the
cloth covering wet, It having been first
given a good wetting. The air reach
ing this causes evaporation which in
turn creates cold. The vessel of water
must be kept constantly filled. The
degree of cold obtained will depend
greatly upon the condition of the at
mosphere. When this is very dry, the
evaporation will be much more rapid,
and the cold will be Increased corre
spondingly. Cleaning Fine Fabrics.
Delicate fabrics like crepe meteor
or crepe de chine generally require
professional skill to clean properly.
However, the homemaker can remove
Btains herself if she acts promptly by
placing the soiled spot over steam is
suing from the nose of the teakettle.
The fabric can then be pressed be
tween clean white blotters or brown
paper, with s warm iron.
Pineapple Ade.
Cut slices of very ripe pineapple
Into small pieces. . Put them with
their juice into a large pitcher and
sprinkle them well with sugar.' . Pour
on boiling water, allowing a small half
pint to each pineapple. Cover and let
stand until quite cool occasionally
pressing down the pineapple with a
r eon. Strain the Infusion and serve
in tumbler" with ice.
DISEASE WILL FOLLOW WAR
Certain That It Must Be Years Be
fore Travelers Can Tour Europe
In Comfort.
War's terrors will not be over in Eu
rope with the ceasing of the cannon's
roar. A more deadly foe disease
will stalk the ravaged lands after the
cessation of hostilities and it behooves
the traveler to think of this before
planning his trips nbroad.
The miles of trenches In northern
Prance and Belgium will be the breed
ing places of germs. Every battlefield
Is already a pest region. The debris
of thousands of ruined towns In west
ern Europe, unfortunate Poland and
Servla are making hotbeds of pestii
lence. It will take months to purify
the water of streams supplying these
regions before disease can be stamped
out : - ,
The great war hospitals are being
equipped to battle with the coming
scourges and the staffs of all are being
enlarged with doctors and nurses from
every land to fight the conflict that is
to follow the dawn of peace.
Typhus and cholera, the two most
dreaded of epidemic diseases, it is
predicted by eminent surgeons and
bacteriologists, will ravage Austria
this summer and undoubtedly reach its
near neighbor and ally, Germany,
Thirty thousand cases of typhus have
already been reported in Servla. In
one town alone, it Is said. -a hundred
patients are dying daily of the dread
affliction. Smallpox and scarlet fever
are present in some communities and
cholera is expected with warmer
weaher.
According to cabled dispatches ev
ery community on the main lines of
travel is in the clutches of typhus.
Smallpox is also prevalent In Turkey
and Palestine. Thus there remains
"but little territory in Europe immune
from the threatened danger. The star
vation and privation that will inevita
bly follow the war will menace Eu
rope's health for an indefinite period.
' It- will be years before the traveler
can tour Europe as he did 12 months
ago, without lurking fear of sickness.
Kathleen Hills in Leslie's Weekly.
Words Worth Remembering.
It Is impossible to turn our eyes
on any starlit vista of human history
without being overwhelmed by the
heartbreaking sense of the Immense
treasure of radiant human lives that
have gone to its making, the innumer
able dramatic careers now shrunk to a
mere mention, the divinely passionate
destinies once all wild dream and
dancing blood, now naught but a name
huddled with a thousand such in some
dusty index seldom turned to, even by
the scholar, and as unknown to the
world at large as the moss-grown name
on some sunken headstone in a coun
try churchyard. . . . The snows of
yesteryear! Who knows if, after alt
they have so utterly vanished as they
seem. - Who can say but that there
may be somewhere in the universe se
cret treasuries where all that has ever
been precious is precious still?
Richard Le Galllenne is "Vanishing
Roads."
Explosive Needles.
The present war has been responsi
ble for various inventions to slay man
kind, and the French war office has
now In operation an invention for com
bating Zeppelins.
The new weapon consists of a long
needle carrying a small shell. These
needles are very light, and so is the
Bhell they carry. When the needle
pierces cloth or any light substance
and not till then It explodes the shea
If fired against a brick wall it is harm
less. '
The needles are so small that a
quantity can be carried on an aero
plane. They can also be fired from a
very light gun, and when once they
strike a Zeppelin and explode they
will also explode the gas contained in
the envelope, and so destroy the whole
machine.
JACOB'S LITTLE JOXE
ELABORATE LUNCH NOT APPRE
CIATED BY "TRAMP."
No Doubt He Enjoyed It, but Snowy
Table Linen and Other "Fixings"
Were Something That He Could
Have Done Without,
Just as Sarah was putting the fin
ishing touches to the dinner, Jacob
came in from his store down town,
and, sniffing the pleasant odor of food,
remarked: "Sarah, could thee fix me
up some lunch for a poor tramp?"
"Why, of course, Jacob, I could fix
it up for thee; but why not bring the
tramp in here, so that no one may see
him eat?"
"Well, the poor fellow has traveled
many miles today, and I left him down
at the store; but If thee will fix m
some lunch, I'll carry it down to him
on my return."
"All right, thee go ahead and eat thy
lunch, and when thee Is ready to go
back, I'U have bis lunch ready for
thee."
So saying, Jacob passed Into the
dining room, and when Sarah had him
safely employed eating her delicious
and substantial meaU she left him to
his own devices and repaired to the
kitchen, where she first lined a large
basket with one of her snowy damask
napkins, then thinking that tramps
would enjoy having a meal look invit
ing as well as anyone else, she got out
her best covered dish, in which she
placed a liberal piece of steak, then
bread and butter, and small dilhes,
each with its separate cover. In which
she placed mashed potatoes, green
peas, stewed tomatoes, a bottle of cof
fee and custard and cake for dessert.
She then covered the basket with an
other snowy napkin, and when Jacob
had finished his lunch, gave hlnr the
basket to carry back to the store.
Upon Jacob's return borne that eve
ning, with the basket and empty
dishes, Sarah asked: "Did thy tramp
enjoy his dinner T"
"Did he enjoy it?" asked Jacob,
"Well, I gueBB he did. He ate every
thing but the tomatoes and coffee, and
I finished them for him." -
"Strange that he did not drink the
coffee," murmured Sarah.
"Why, not at all strange, Sarah. I
never yet saw a dog that drank or en
joyed coffee," Jacob answered, striv
ing not to smile.
"What does thee mean, a dog? Ja
cob, I am ashamed of thee for speak
ing of a poor fellow in such a man
ner," Sarah chided him.
"But, my dear Sarah, I tell thee It
was a dog," dryly remarked Jacob,'
then,- unable to contain himself any
longer; he shouted with laughter. .
Needless to say, Sarah has never
forgiven Jacob for allowing her to go
to all the fuss she did, over a tramp
dog, and whenever the name of dog:
Is mentioned she looks at Jacob In a
commanding way, warning him not to
attempt to tell of her tramp.
Building Character.
When an architect plans a great
building, and specifies the dimensions;
of pillars, arches and walls, he has to
be guided by a knowledge of the
strength of the material he la to use.
Bricks and floor tile must be tested
as to the pressure they will bear, for
crumbling stone and detective iron
may bring loss and disaster later. But
we are not so careful in the building
of character. We fancy that weak
ness in one place may be counterbal
anced by strength In another; that a
few good habits set over against some
bad habits average up pretty well, and
that the days of careless building,
when we are in no mood to do our
best, may be atoned for by extra
good work further on. Many Ufa
goes down In ruin before some sudden
temptation just because of this build
ing Into It of poor material unfit to
stand a strain.