The Athena press., September 27, 1929, Image 4

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!i5C7!C5; 'otv72 'Zeeicis the British Fleet
By ELMO 8C0TT WAT80N
t()SQ the International problems which
confront the world today, none
Is more outstanding than that of
limitation of naval armament.
Public interest has been focused
sharply upon it recently by the
move made by Great .Britain and
the United States to take the lead
in a reduction which will be real
as well as apparent Back of this
movement Is the desire of the tax
payers of the five nations, known
pi the "nnval powers," for relief from the enorm
ous burden to which nnval armament contributes
so heavily, and back of it, too, Is the realization
that along the path of disarmament lies one hope
for world wide peace. .
For these five "naval powers" Great Britain,
the United States, France, Italy and Japan are
spending enormous sums each year In the race
Jor naval supremacy or noval parity. France
Ipends opproxlmotely $51,000,000; Italy, $00,000,
000; Japan, $118,000,000; Great Britain. $200,000
000 and the United States, $320,000,000. The Brit
ish expenditure means that, out of every dollar
which the Englishman contributes to the upkeep
of his government, more than seven cents goes to
the waves." And here In the United States It is
costing Mr. Taxpayer better than nine cents out
of every dollar he puys for taxes to help chal
lenge that boast Each year every citizen of the
United States pays an average of $30 to the sup
port of his government and each year he pays
Dearly $3 to the upkeep of the navy. It is nearly
third of the amount he contribute to the main
tenance of the schools In which his children are
educated and more than one-third of the amount
which he contributes to the churches, It ts vastly
more than he spends for parks and other public
recreation places, for libraries, for art galleries,
jfor museums and for nny number of other things
jirblcn contribute to his life, liberty and pursuit
f happiness.
i Now, of course, a nation which has a coast
line and foreign possessions to protect, as have all
the "navul powers," feels that it needs a navy
and no one will deny that need. But proponents
of nnval reduction point out thnt all navies are
too Inrge for this renson: when the nations engage
In a ship building race as has been the case in
the past, what happens Is thai their relative naval
Strength remains unchanged nnd the possession
of more and larger ships does not mean any
greater security for thnt nation. It simply means
' an Increased burden upon the taxpayers.
The move for naval reduction, which seems
likely to rench a climax this year or early next
MA, la nut u now niio. If heirnn etirlit vpiira uco
- nltt.rfi tint itmA tha TTnltixt SI ii too hna run.
-Cllllf pill. V i.t.n - ' w...--.-.
slstently heen a leader In the direction of limita
tion of naval armament. In 1021 President Hard
ing Invited the "navnl powers" to discuss that
subject. The result was the Washington arma
ment conference where was reached an agree
ment on the now-famous "R-S-a-1" basis a Urn
Itatlon on battleships to-A2.ono tons for Great
Jtrltaln and for the United States, to 81.1.000 tons
for Japan, and to 17.1.000 tons for France and
Italy. No agreement .was reached on. the limita
tion of cruisers and submarines. s
The next move was made In 1027 when Presi
dent t'oollilge called a conference of the five pow
ers at r.pnevn to reach an agreement. If possible,
on these two clnsses as a nerllnilnary to the
League of Nations preparatory commission for
the disarmament conference. France and Italy
declined to attend the conference, but It was
attended by representatives from the United
States, Great Britain and Japan. The conference,
however, ended in a deadlock In August 1027,
due mainly to the fact, It was said, that It was a
conference of "seamen and not statesmen" and to
the refusal of the British admiralty to surrender
actual supremacy.
A year later Sir Austen Chamberlain, the Brit
ish foreign secretary, announced in the House of
Commons that an agreement bad been reached
between England and France as to the basis of
naval limitation which would be submitted to the
next meeting of the preparatory commission.
When the terms of the agreement were made pub
lic the United States declined to accept the com
promise offered and In explanation of Its rejec
tion, the State department said:
The poit at tfc government of th United
States has oic4 jh4 nonr la that any limitation
of naval ariami to b effective should apply to
all ceases of combatant vessel. The Franco
British agreement provides no limitation whatso
ever on six-Inch gun cruisers, or destroyer! or sub
marines of doo tons or lees. It could not be
claimed that the type of vessels thus left without
limitation are not highly efficient fighting ships.
No one would deny that modern cruisers armed
with six-Inch guns, or destroyers similarly armed,
have a very high offensive value, especially to any
nation possessing well-dlstrlbuted bases In varl- .
ous parts of the world. In fact such cruisers con
stitute the largest number of fighting ships now
existing In the world. ...
The government of the United States has earnest
ly and consistently advocated real reduction and .
limitation of naval armament. It, has given Its
best efforts toward finding acceptable methods of
attaining this most desirable end. It would be
happy to continue such efforts but It cannot con
sent to proposals which would leave the door wide
open to unlimited building of certain types of
ships of e highly efficient combatant value and
would Impose restrictions only on types peculiarly
suited to American needs. .... v
' The American proposal at tha Geneva confer
ence was, for the United States and the British
empire, a total tonnage limitation In the cruiser
class of from 150,000 to 300,000; and for Japan
from 150,000 to 180,000; for the deatroyer class for
the United States and the British empire from
100,000 to 150,000. and for Japan from 120,000 to
150,000 tona; for the eubmarlne claas for the Unit
ed Statea and the British empire 60.000 to 90,000
tona and for Japan 10,000 to (4.000 tona. It waa
further atated by the American delegation that, if
any power represented felt Justified In proposing
still lower tonnage levels for auxiliary craft the
Amertoan government would welcome such pro
posal.
The purpose of these proposals waa that there
might be no competition .between the three pow
ers In the building of naval armament, that their
respective navies should be maintained at the low
est level compatible with national security and
should not be of the' sis and character to war
rant the suspicion of aggressive Intent, and, Anal
ly, that a wise economy dictates that further naval
construction be kept to a minimum.
The next and most Important movement toward
limitation took place enrly this year soon after
the new administration had gotten under way.
The Coolldge administration having failed to solve
the prohletu along "technical lines." the Hoover
administration began seeking one. along "broad
political lines." One of the most hopeful signs
looking towards Ita success ts the speed with
which the negotiations have progressed. On April
22 of this year Hugh Gibson, ambassador to Bel
gium, In an address before the preparatory dis
armament conference at Geneva told of President
limner's desire to lend the administration's active
support of a constructive limitation program and
proposed the now famous "yardstick" method of
attaining practical parity between the United
States nnd Great Britain. . In the meantime the
elevation of Ramsay MncDonald to the premier
ship In England had given a promise of more lib
eral policies in Great Britain and a weakening of
. the reactionary tendencies of the admiralty, whose
being in the saddle has resulted In England's
insistence upon her continued supremacy.
On June 8, Premier MacDonald let It be known
that he planned to visit Washington to confer per
sonally with President Hoover on the naval problem.
This announcement made a decided hit with the
American public and the Increasing Anglo-American
friendliness was furthered by the appointment
of General Dawes as American ambassador to
Great Britain, the warmth of his reception there
and the speed 'with which the new ambassador
and the English premier took up the disarmament
problem. On June 18 Dnwes anl MacDonald,
speaking at two different meetings in . England,
uttered Joint statements In regard to the naval
negotiation in which both emphasized that the
problem was to be approached from the broad
viewpoint of policy and mutual confidence. Both
men emphasized the fact that their conversations
on the naval problem were In no sense a prelim
inary to an Anglo-American alliance which could
; be used as a threat against other nations, but
that the two countries were simply Joining In
mutual confidence and friendliness to take the
lead In bringing about a solution of this Impor
tant problem. In fact H became known that
before making his speech, Mr. Dawes bad sub
mitted It to the representatives of the other three
powers and that they, while not officially approv
ing it, are fully in sympathy with its alms. Fur
ther than that the MacDonald-Dawes discussions
have been extended to Include the representatives
of France, Japan and Italy with the result that a
five-power naval conference looms as a strong
, possibility in the near future.
Although there has been considerable specula
tion as to the points upon which the conference
will be held and many guesses already have been
mads as to Its probable success, nothing definite
Is yet known about any of these matters. The
spirit In which . the preliminaries have been
entered for such a conference promises well for
the success of the undertaking. On both sides of
tho Atlantic there Is a feeling that something
definite in regard to limitation of naval arma
ment is about to be accomplished. Its failure may
well be a cause for despair for as Ambassador
Dawes In his speech said:.
"Congress has already by law committed the
United States to an Immediate naval program
involving over $250,000,000, giving, however, to
the President power to suspend it In the event
of an international agreement for the limitation
of naval armament"
On May 81, last the secretary of state of the
United Statea said: "I have In my possession a
, memorandum from the director of the budget
showing the cost of the program commended by
the Navy department in case the policy of naval
reduction which the President advocated Is not
adopted. That memorandum shows that the
authorized and contemplated naval program for
the construction of new ships alone amounts to
$i.ooo.ooo,ona .
"When it Is borne tn mind that the foregoing
figures involve a construction program of only
one nation and that, if It proceeds, other nations
will he compelled to follow suit the burden of
unproductive expenditure which will be Imposed
upon the economic world within the next fifteen
years can to a certain extent be realised."
Ambassador Ranks Above Minister
An ambassador Is head of an em
bassy un! n minister Is Jiead of s
legation ( 'Jmler, International law
nnd usage an ambassador Is the -r
oiial representative of the sovereign
or head of a state and Is accredited
directly to the head r aoveivlgn of
another state. A minister la. utidet
and Is accredited to the government
of, another state. Theorethntlly an
ambiissadot .lata (he right to con
verse directly with the soverelen o
the head of the state to which he Is
accredited, and likewise may corre
spond directly with the sovereign m
head of his own country. A minister
. W ,... k h .1 ln tA..M Ma la
to which he Is accredited, and si ml
Inrly eorresKmls with his own gov
eminent throuuh the minister of for
elgn atTnlrs of his own .country. In
practice the duties of an amnnssn
dor and a minister are the same At
a social and official function an am
hnssndor. or, account of his suMrtor
rank, takes precedence over a mln
Ister.
animal hmnlpra tn East Africa
S!!ly Belief Aboat Rabl
Rubles can be transmitted only by
animals that are actually diseased at
th e. Tin re Is i foundation f.
the belief Hint pi rsons bitten by a doj
which subeut:-.tly becomes rabid may
contract the malady.
Snobs
Too who ar ashamed of yonr pov
erty, blush for your calling, are a
snob; as are yon wh boast of yonr
IN THE I
: MOONLIT ;
FIELDS
(ffl by D. J. Walsh.)
TJLIA PAYNTEJR read the adver-
I tlsement again with tightening lips.
I ; "Wanted Clerk in book store ;
J preference given one who speaks
French and Spanish; low .salary to
start; unlimited possibilities of ad
vancement 81 North Highland boule
vard." '.
"And you're going to waste your
self there clerking In a book store
Just because I have to rest and be
lazy!" slip said to her sister bitterly.
"You'll never go back to the university
If you once leave," , ,
"I'll finish my university course,
don't you - worry about that" re
marked Louise confidently. "I'm going
to go downtown right now and clinch
the lob, as they say in the psychology
tests." ; . ..,.
' Downtown Louise looked about ber
at the place where No. 31 should have
been. A vacant place, bare of build
ings, greeted, ber eye. But across the
street she saw a book shop. And
after brief conversation in French,
Spanish and English she found her
self employed. The other girl clerk
stared at her frankly when iioulse
hurried forward to wait on a customer.
"You're one of the busy ones of the
world, aren't you?" she said with an
Indolent smile when Louise returned.
. "I don't know about that" returned
Lqulse coolly, "lf
"Oh, don't make excuses, please,"
murmured the other. "I my name's
Anlce Graham, by the way why, I've
no quarrel in the world with you for
being busy. It gives me more time
to think if you're rushing forward for
every customer."
"Think?" repeated Louise. "What
are you thinking about that requires
so much time?".
Anlce looked far away until it
seemed as though she saw stars and
moonlit fields and beard the music
of the woods. "1 am writing," she
said soft'y, "d book ot poems and
one must think to do that."
' One rainy morning a muddy, low
swung roadster stopped at the door
and with the motor left running a
shabbily dressed man left the car and
entered the bookshop. It was Anlce's
turn to wait upon him, but she
shrugged ever so. little and so Louise
went to the front of the shop.
With one eye on the muddy road
ster, the man spoke sharply : "I want
a bunch of books on France, England,
Spain and Italy," be snapped. "And
he quick I I've no right to park there
at all on the boulevard and no right to
leave the motor going in an empty
car."
He bad scarcely finished speaking
when a uniformed officer casually en
tered the front" door. "Your car out
side, sir?" he asked, reaching Into his
Inner pocket.
"Just a minute, officer," said the
man. I" ' ' ' .
"Explain It to the judge. No park
lug on this side of the boulevard be
tween here and Roosevelt road the
signs are plentiful and very plain.
Tou " '
And the customer and the officer
left the store, both talking at once,
one inexorable In bis fulfillment of
the law, the other explaining quickly
and volubly about his excuses. Anlce
flew to the door, ber eyes shining.
"It's an Ideal" she said merrily to
Louise. "It will make a regular Sand
bery Idea rain, mud, city parking
rules, shabby man with mud-stained
feet I It'll be great I"
Louise's idea about originality was
checked before she spoke It She hur
ried to the back of the shop among
the travel books and picked out quick
ly a number of volumes, placing them
Into two neat plies. These plies she
took to the front of the shop and laid
them near the door.
"What did you do? Hunt np what
thnt shabby fellow wanted? He'll
never be back again. After he paid
his fine, I Imagine be had hardly
enough money left to buy his gaso
line home again," said. Anlce sar
castically. "He'll be back and he won't want
to wait," returned Louise. "He was In
a terrific hurry. He's not been In here
before since I've been here and that's
the way to build up business be
quick and find what they need."
"That's right" said Mr. Cox unex
pectedly. "That's what he wanted.
Courtesy and service." They had not
known that he was near them before
he had spoken. '
They had all hardly finished talk
Ing when the door again burst open
and the shabby man entered.
"Here they are, on the jounter,"
Louise said without any preliminary.
The man turned each pile over and
scanned the names on the backs
hastily. "."Who put these books to-'
getherr, he demanded. ' '
"1 put them together," remarked
Louise quietly.
"And what was the basis of sepa-
Liberal Supply of Ale
The amaxlng change that has come
over our eating and drinking customs
In a few short centuries is made viv
idly clear by the discovery of an or
der signed by King Henry vm In
1522. which ts published In the Gold
en Book.
The order Is on the king's larder,
and provides for the sustenance of
one of the tadtes-of-honor to Queen
Catherine of Aragon. Among other
things, it makes clear that this frail
member of the court was expected
to consume three and a half gallons
of ale and a half gallon of wine a
day. It reads:
"We will and command you tn al
low dally from henceforth unto onr
right dear and well beloved Lady
Lucy, into her chamber, the diet and
fare hereafter ensujing:
"L Every morning at breakfast a
sirloin of beef at our kitchen, one
.... - mm rwt at rattrot
rating them into two piles?" he asked
curtly. "You have 'A Loiterer In Lon
don,' 'London Inns and Taverns,' 'An
cient London Churches,' The Alps, the
Danube and the Near East' 'Florence
and Northern Tuscany, 'Eternal Rome,'
'The Churches of Rome,' 'Along the
Pyrenees,' all of those In one pile to
gether and then In this other pile
you bave, "London Restaurants,' 'The
Lure of the Riviera,' 'Historic Streets
of London' what Is your basis oi
division?" . '. ' ,
Louise colored. she evaded.
- "Please be quick, young lady. You've
books on eating In both piles so evi
dently you didn't divide according tc
subjects what did you"
"According to the price of the
books," she cut in suddenly In low
tones.
"Price?" he repeated in amazement
"Price? What has price to do with
ttr . . - .... . , . ...r
Louise made no reply. Then a smile
of amusement broke over Ms face and
he chuckled. At the first sound of his
own chuckle be leaned up against
the counter and all need for haste
seemed to have disappeared with the
laugh. "I say, that's really good, isn't
It? I always supposed that your sys
tem was to make a fellow spend all
he hao and then give a mortgage on
the dear old homestead for more be
fore you let him out of your clutches.
You say, tell me this: How did you.
get these books together so quickly?
Are they grouped on the shelves ac
cording to countries?"
"No," not quite," answered Louisa
"Most of them are by the authors'
names alphabetically and "
"Then how did you get them to
gether so quickly?" tie Interrupted.
"I have a set of maps, empty out
line maps, on which I have written tn
the names of books, and their authors.
Then when some one is in a. great'
hurry I dont have to bunt around
the shelves. I look at my map and in
an Instant I can get together all the
books we have on the subject"
He stared at her admiringly. "Say,
do you want a Job? It'll only be about
a half-day job, because I don't work
any more than that myself, but we're
right on the edge of a college town
when we're not traveling, and you
could be well, sort of librarian. , I've
more than 3,000 books, but there's
never been a minute to catalogue
them, and sometimes Tve bought five
or six copies of the same book just
because I hadn't them In any kind of
order. If you want a Job and don't
mind a farm" s
Louise was breathing quickly. "A
farm?" she repeated.
He nodded. "Yes, a good farm, fine
poultry and blooded dogs. We had
a private electric light plant . that
wasnt much good, but- the high line
has passed the place now and we have
good light."
Louise felt bewildered. This man
thought so rapidly and expressed, evi
dently, only a part of each thought
But she could follow his leaping Ideas
to a certain extent "I'd love the coun
try,? she said slowly, "but I can;t
leave my sister, you see She's bad a
breakdown" r ' ..'
"Can she type?" asked the man
abruptly.
Louise nodded. "Expert I" she said.
"Well, what luck I" the man fainy
exploded. "I'll bave the lady stop In
and make arrangements with you both
I never know much about such
things, you see"
"The lady?" repeated Louise.
"I always call her the lady Just a
Joke, you see. Her grandparents were
lord and lady,: and so I tease her
about it that way. My wife, you know,
Mrs. RIgshelmer."
It was a week later that Louise went
Into the shop with her sister Julia.
"It's a wonderful place," she told
Anlce. "He's that great writer
RIgshelmer and his wife Is a darling.
I'm to go to college for a half day
each day and do the library work the
other bait He wants stuff looked up
all the time and I'm making maps and
an Index and everything. And they
have acres and acres of land, but they
don't keep any head gardener Mrs.
RIgshelmer plans nil of the gardens,
and she and Julia have had wonderful
plans laid out these last few days,
I oh, I just can't thank you enough,
Mr. Cox"
"I?" repeated Mr. Cox gruffly.
"What did I do? Nothing I I didn't
know that he was RIgshelmer when
he came in, had no idea of It When
I put that adertlsement in the paper
I purposely put the wrong address
in" - . '
"Why?" asked Louise.
"Because I wanted some one alert,
and If an applicant hadn't enough
Imagination to : look about her and
find the advertiser I figured she'd be
no use to me in the business. There's
more to this book business more to
any business than just writing a
sales check and taking In the money,
you know. And if you want your job
back again any time well, we've
missed you here, Miss Louise I"
"But you see," said Louise softly,
"we're all going to Egypt In the win
ter. Mr. RIgshelmer is writing a book
of travel" '
at Henry VIU's Court
said kitchen, and a gallon of ale at
our buttery bar.
"HL At afternoon a loaf of bread
at our pantry bar and a half a gallon
of ale at our buttery bar.
"IV. At supper a mess of porage, a
piece of mutton and a reward at our
said kitchen, a loaf of bread and a
gallon of ale.
"V. At after supper a half a gallon
of wine at our cellar bar."
Aaclent Natioaal Daace)
One of the oldest known national
dances Is the phyrrlc dance of Al
banla. It interprets the story of a
thousand years of combat victories
and defeats danced by the native
men In colorful and picturesque costumes.
UacJ Eb
"Pe man dat la puffickly satisfied
rt Hwwlf " M Hnrie Khen. "la ooe
Just Ip
OH I IT WAS PITIFUL
Tears were streaming down the do.
ema actress' face. Reverses bad come
she was In a pawnshop.
Slowly, silently, she drew from her
pocket a little package and laid It
down on the counter before the eyes
of the hardened pawnbroker.
"How much?" she asked, and wiped
her eyes with a tiny handkerchief.
She was pawning ber six wedding
rings. Tit Bits. .
'. Slicker I
A young lady entered the stationery
store and asked for a pound tin of
floor wax.
Tm sorry, miss," said the clerk, "all
we carry is sealing wax."
"Don't be silly," she snapped, "I
don't want to wax a ceiling 1"
, THE LATE WIFE
Ordinary but Rich Mortal 1 would
(Ike to bave you paint a portrait ot
my late wife. .
Grent Artist (inattentively) Like,
most women, I suppose. But she wll
have to be on time very prompt with,
her sittings if she wants me to do the
work, '
' Epitaph
Here Ilea a pedestrian
Much colder than Ice;
Be only Jumped once.
When be should have jumped twice.
Book to Match
Jane Where are you going?
Janet Out to buy a book.
Jane I didn't know you liked to
read. Janet Well, my husband bought
me the cutest little reading lamp!
The Pathfinder.
t Where Real Clasa la Found ,
Black So you have had a chance
to see the king's palace in England,
eh? What did you think of It?
White Well, after seeing our own
movie houses,' filling stations and hot
dog stands it isn't very impressive.
AN OBEDIENT WIFE
Homebody Does your wife really
bey you?
Peewee Sometimes. When I say.
Go ahead and never mind me," sh
always follows that command.
; So Set Still
We don't get much
By foolish hurry
And not much more
By foolish worry.
Sea for Her; Ho Mountains
Wife of Nerve Patlent-rDoctor,
flon't you think my husband would
be better If we went to the sea or the
mountains?
Doctor Certainly, but you must go
to the sea and he to the mountains.
Le Rlre, Paris.
No Damago
Reporter What was that alarm you)
answered?
Fireman A timid dad np the street
lent for us to put out a flaming youth
who was calling on bis daughter.
An Added Borden
The Doctor Those were very bad
fractures, but t think your legs will
mend so they will furnish you fairly
good support
The Professional Dancer Gee! But
they gotta support a husband and two
kids as well. '
Roar of tho Crowd
"What bave all those baseball fan
got megaphones for?"
"The umpire Is hard of hearing and
they dont want him to miss any of
their comments."
Coming to Hint
John There's one man in this town
who Insists on darting out In front of
my car, then glaring at me when he
gets on to the sidewalk.
Joe And looks injured, I suppose T
-John Well, er, no. But be witf
soon tf 1 have any luck.
Tho Retort Coartooos
Mistress Was your last place a
good one, Janet?
Rorrant fafiw deliberation! Welt