I'll
I THEY WERE 21.
Occupation! of Well-Known Men
of To-Day at Time of Their
Majority.
TAFT WAS A YALE GRADUATE
eglnning of Careers of Belmont,
Maxim, Corey, Ryan, Choate,
Schwab and Other.
At the age of 21 William Howard
Taft was graduated from Yale, and
aeoond in a large class, says the New
York Times. He was aalutatorlan, re
calved Phi Beta Kappa honors and di
vided the first prize on his graduation
in law. His plans for tbe future study
f law were undertaken the same year.
In his twenty-first year the future
Rear Admiral Evans was serving as
lieutenant In the United States navy.
He became a lieutenant commander in
his twenty-second year. 1
At 21 William Dean Howells'was an
active newspaper man in a small Ohio
community. He entered his father's
mon council of Providence shortly af
ter reaching his majority.
Joseph G. Cannon was busily en
gaged In studying law In his twenty
first year, and for several years there
after. Following an education In the
common schools and In law, he was
admitted to the Illinois bar.
Long before his twenty-first year
John D. Rockefeller was well estab
lished in business, and had given evi
dence of his genius for organization.
He went to Cleveland when 15 years
old and obtained his first position.
Two years later he was engaged in an
oil commission house. At 21 be was
partner in the commission house of
Clarke & Rockefeller, where he ha d
been established for more than two
years. .
James J. Hill was educated with the
idea of becoming a physician. His fath
er's death compelled him to enter busi
ness, when he obtained a position in
a country store at the age of 18. Later
he moved to St. Paul, and in his twenty-first
year was engaged as shipping
clerk in that city, with the Mississippi
Packet Company.
. First as a school teacher, then a
printer, Hudson Maxim fought his way
against unusual odds. By the time
he had reached his twenty-first year
he had become a printer and publisher
of subscription books, and In selling
these he traveled about the country.
employment. His first position was
with a dry goods commission house
in Baltimore. .He had saved enough
money by his nineteenth year to come
to New York. He entered business
actively and became a member of the
stock exchange in his twenty-fourth
year. , i
The study of law was engaging the
time of Joseph H. Choate in his twenty-first
year and for several years
thereafter. He was graduated at 21
from Harvard, with Phi Beta Kappa
honors, and entered the law school at
Harvard. He was graduated with the
degree of LL. p. at 22.
A variety of occupations had been
ifollowed'by Samuel L. Clemens before
he had reached his twenty-first year.
The greater part of his time had been
spent in a printing office, where he
became an expert compositor. At the
age of 21 he was threading the diffi
cult channels of the Mississippi river
as a regularly licensed pilot. His
newspaper career followed.
. At 21 the future Senator Tillman
was living on a farm with no ambi
tions for a political career. He had
entered the Confederate army when
but 17 years old and had been retired
after Injuries which caused the loss
of his eye.
A Fearleaa Woman.
Sollman, the dreaded Turkish sul
tan, in 1521 was going to besiege Bel-
discovery of a black smudge from the
program on the tip of a finger. He
had his spike-tailed coat decorated
with black braid' Ilk gold lace on
court uniform. He crossed his front
when in full regalia, too, with a heavy
gold watch chain, with big diamonds
stuck between the links. Fitch was
notorious for his bad taste- It was
told that he crammed his town house
full of junk which he had bought at
fabulous prices for art treasures, and
that finally a friend who knew some
thing about art values cleared out the
place, altered the wall decorations,
gave a harmonious whole, and made
the house look presentable. The
stable of Fitch's country home is full
of near-art objects picked up in
Europe. The playwright was an easy
mark for the picture men and the
antique dealers, and, oddly enough in
this respect, he was imposed upon in
the same way as Richard Mansfield
A Remarkable Chapel.
The most remarkable mortuar
chapel in America is located in Cal
vary Cemetery, Long Island City, N.
Y., and cost $180,000. The crypt or
catacombs are for the burial of priests
of the diocese of New York, under
the charge of which the cemetery is
maintained, says Popular Mechanics.
At present, but one section of the
catacombs has been completed with ac
HfHfH$HfHfrH$HK3H frfr $ 3 $H$H$H$H$H$hh$ $$ fr.$H
MEN WHO STARTED AT THE BOTTOM.
f rMV I
SAMUEL L. CLEMENS.
Wfm
10BLET ft. IVANS.
JAMES J. HIM,.
mkm
l inr t - M-i n i iftJt hi imiili mi i
JOIflf D, BOCKKFKIJ.ES.
riiiL ,wi " i,irmitu"umM t
JOSEPH O. CANNON. I . f (VVTV alb
hi ; T
CHABi.ES M. SCHWAB. 1
J. PIEBFONT MOBQAlf. v 4
newspaper office, wooing first as a
compositor, later occupying an edi
torial position. He was appointed news
editor of the local paper in his twenty-second
year. His appointment as
consul to Venice followed two years
later.
After graduating from the English
high school of Boston J. P. Morgan
went abroad to study higher mathe
matics at the University of Gottingen.
He returned to New York and began
his business career Jrt before reach
ing his twenty-first yvar,
In his twenty-first yvar August Bel
mont was graduated from Harvard.
He spent several nvontlis thereafter in
a trip abroad, when be returned to
New York and entersd his father's
banking house.
Following an aeadcnlo education
Nelson W. Aldrtch plunged Into mer
cantile pursuits, He wes an ardent
Republican from his flivt vote, and
early took an active part in local poli
tics. He became president of the com-
His spare moments at this period were
spent in experimenting with high ex
plosives. From his first Job, at $1 a day,
William E. Corey advanced rapidly in
the great Carnegie steel works at
Pittsburg. His twenty-first year was
spent In perfecting the famous Car
negie re-enforced armor-plate. Shortly
afterward he was appointed superin
tendent of the plate mills.
Charles M. Schwab started to earn
his living as a farm hand. Next he
became the driver of a coach, and
later a clerk In a grocery store. At
19 he became a civil engineer's assist
ant at $1 a day. At 21 young Schwab
was working hard in the field with
an engineer corps. Five years later
he was appointed chief assistant of the
division engineer, and under his direc
tion the famous plant at Homestead
waa built
An' orpaan at the oge of 5. Thomas
F Ryan was cared for by his grand
mother, and at an 'early age sought
grade, the capital of Servia, his most
hostile neighbor. While slowly pro
ceeding with his military train on the
dusty highroad a woman stopped his
unapproachable majesty. Bitterly she
complained about th soldiers, who,
during her sleep, had carried off her
cattle, the sole fortune she had. "You
must have fallen into a most profound
sleep not to have heard the thieves
at their work," said the sultan laugh
ingly. 'Tea, I slept well. I slept In
confidence that your majesty is watch
ing over the safety of your people."
replied the woman.
This answer, which might have cost
the woman's head, pleased the sultan
because of the fearless way it was
said. He restored all the cattle stolen
by the soldiers.
Clrd Fttea'a Baa Taata.
Clyde Fitch manicured and was as
careful of his hands as a prima donna.
Once he amused several rows In a
theater by expressing horror at th
commodations for 24 bodies in the con
crete niches. But the section can be
extended underground In four direc
tions, and at any time an addition for
72 more bodies can be mad. For a
cryptal burial there la a lift set into
the floor of the chapel to lower the
body to th level of th crypts. Th
record for burials at Calvary indicates
that the mortuary chapel will be in
almost constant us. The burials aver
age 70 a day and often run as high
as 120.
A LttU Lata.
, "I see th Fourth of July fatality
statistics have been compiled and art
now out"
"Yes; but we are not much im
pressed by fatality statistics after our
owns burns are healed." Louisvill
Courier-Journal.
A woman's ambition is not on It t !
hav both ends meet, but to lap over!
and hav enough for her kin.
iMaMB.
Beef Cattle Fed on Silage. .
During recent years a number of
the state experimental stations have
carried on a series of experiments
which have demonstrated that silago
can advantageously be fed to beef cat'
tie. The Tennessee Experimental Sta
tion has especially given close atten
tion to this matter, probably more so
than any other station, and in one of
its bulletins shows , how silage in
creases the carrying capacity of the
land. Ordinarily from two to three
acres of blue grass is required to carry
a 1,000-pound steer after six months,
when gaining from 300 to 400 pounds.
Four 800-pound steers were fed for 150
days on the production of less than
an acre of land in the form of silage
and gained -868 pounds during that
period.
When beef Is raised on long that is
high-priced, the above facts show espe
cial strength In favor of silage. In
190S a feed test was carried on by the
Michigan Station for the purpose of
ascertaining the relative number of
pounds of beef that could be produced
from corn fed in the form of silage, in
the form of shock corn and in the
form of corn and corn meal. The corn
was secured from three different pieces
of land, each nearly an acre in size,
In addition to the corn fed in this man
ner the steers were fed dally rations
of 5 pounds of corn and cob meal, 2
pounds of oil meal and 4 pounds of
clover hay. After the experiment had
continued for twelve weeks the aver
age daily gain of the steers had been
as follows: For the ; silage-fed lot,
2.22 pounds; for the shock-fed, 2.02,
and for the- corn and cob meal lot,
!9 pounds. , While it may be argued
that this experiment should be re
peated before conclusions can be drawn
from it, still so far as these figures go
the results were in favor of harvesting
tfte corn in form of silage.
For Barb Wire Cnta.
When a horse has been injured on
wire the first thing to do is to stop
the flow of blood; this may as a rule
be done by bandaging it up tight It
may also frequently be best to apply
powreded alum or common' saleratus,
both of which will generally be found
effective. In a few hours, considerable
welling will set in; this should be re
duced either by applying cold water
frequently, or, what is really better,
applying pure kerosene oil, not only to
the wound, but also to the swollen
parts. No bandage should be kept on
where kerosene is used, as it will then
cause the hair to fall off temporarily,
and as soon as it is safe to do so, the
sore should be carefully washed with
soft water and castile soap. This ought
to be repeated daily until the sore
heals. One of the best healing medi
cines for horse flesh that I have ever
used can be put up at any drug store,
as follows: One-half pint of alcohol,
one-half pint of spirits of turpentine,
one ounce of pure glycerine; mix all
together ina large bottle and shake
well before using. Apply only with a
feather at morning and night. The
sore should never be bandaged. By
daily washing it will in this way heal
up very rapidly. I can personally tes
tify to the effectiveness of this simple
remedy, as e have made use of it in
numerous-cases, with the best results,
where every other remedy we tried
failed to heal up the sore on the horse.
Agricultural Epltomlst
Four Horae Relaa.
A correspondent asks how can a
pair of lines be rigged up for four
horses so that each horse will have
a line to each side of bit, thus doing
away with the tying together of
horses heads. ,
The two sketches Indicate arrange
ments of lines that should prove satis
factory. In the first illustration A k
A A are two-horse reins and checks:
B B are short ropes with snaps and
C C are bridle reins on inside of bridle
with snaps to snap in check buckle on
reins. .
PreaerTlasr Beef.
When the animal heat is all out and
the meat thoroughly cooled, cut It Into
convenient Bized pieces for cooking,
weigh out the meat and allow eight
pounds of salt to 100 pounds of meat
Sprinkle a light layer of salt In the
bottom of a clean, sweet hardwood
barrel or a stone jar, then pack beef in
closely to a depth of, say five to seven
Inches, then put on a layer of salt and
so on until the beef is all In, reserving
enough salt for a good layer on top
of tha meat After the package has
stood over night add for each ion
pounds of meat four pounds of sump
two ounces baking soda and two ounces
saltpeter, dissolved in a gallon of tnM
water; three gallons more water should
cover this quantity. Weight to keep
all under th brine.
' PoaaiMlltiea of Oar Farm Landa.
From the standpoint of the most re
liable and recent investigations and
information, our land, handled in ac
cordance with certain natural laws
that determine its proper cultivation,
will not only furnish food and cloth
ing for an Immensely greater popula
tion for ages, but will supply fuel and
light and power when coal and petro
leum shall have been exhausted. But
we must look to better methods of soil
usage for the alternative of bringing
under cultivation unused and aban
doned swampy conditions, although
adding a vast, total to our cultivable
fields, will not always suffice to meet
the growing demand. Already many
sections of congested population are
calling upon outside sources for food,
and many of the large cities at times
actually suffer from vegetable famines.
Such shortages are due to more or
less local and abnormal conditions, but
might become general and permanent
unless wise foresight should make pro
vision for feeding our rapidly increas
ing population.
The producing possibility of our cul
tivable lands becomes almost Incon
ceivable to the mind when we consid
er that only a small proportion of the
land nominally in farms is actually
under cultivation.and that our acreage
yields are ridiculously low in compar
ison with those of highly developed
agricultural countries like Germany,
France and England, notwlthstandinsf
that our soils are naturally as produc
tive, says the American Review of Reviews.
Mot Water Heater.
As a means of providing hot water
for washing in the kitchen or for
cleaning and sterlizing fiairy utensils
cots wrm
the tank shown In the illustration is
simple and cheap. Any stove in which
the iron coils can be heated will serve
the purpose.
Strength of Bone In Hog:
The effect of feed on the strength of
bone in pigs forms the text of a bul
letin by Nebraska Experiment Sta
tion. The experiment shows verv
marked increase in the strength of
bone when tankage or ground bone is
fed in addition to corn. In determin
ing the strength of bones the two
principal bones in each leg of each
animal were removed and broken in a
machine. There were four pigs fed in
each lot, making the figures given the
average of the breaking of thirtytwo
bones in each lot. The average break
ing strength per 100 pounds live
weight of hogs after twenty-two wek
feeding was as follows: Lot 1, corn,
325 pounds; lot 2, corn and shorts,
396 pounds; lot 3, corn and skim milk
509 pounds; lot 4, corn and tankage,
580 pounds; lot 5, corn and ground
bone, 681 pounds.
Dairy Farm Implemeata.
Every dairyman should, endeavor to
have as many labor-saving appliances
around and in his barn as possible.
For instance, the removal of manure
from a dairy barn entails a great deal
of hard work. However, the work
may be greatly lessened Jf the farm
ers will install a manure carrier,
which runs on a track. These carriers
cost little in comparison to the amount
of labor they save.
Every dairy farmer should have a
manure spreader. One spreader may
do the work of several men in the
spreading of manure on the fields. The
manure is spread more evenly and
each ton returns more value for this
reason. No dairy farmer can afford
to be without a manure spreader. But
he should buy a standard make. In
land Farmer. .
Beea and the Senae of Smell.
Recent experiments on showy flow
ers like the poppy tend to show that
insects are not always attracted to
flowers by the brightly colored petals,
but rather by the perception doubt
less by means of smell that there Is
honey or pollen. In these experiments
the unopened flower bud is inclosed In,
a gauze net, so as to protect it from
insects, and when it expands the pet
als are carefully removed without
touching the remaining parts with the
fingers (for bees avoid a flnvr If
the smell of human fingers is left on
it), 'and the petalless flowers receive
practically as many insect visit aa
untouched flowers do.
Iarsreat Graperlaa.
The largest grapevine in the world
flourishes in San Gabriel. GaL It
planted by the San Franciscan friars
and Is 120 years old. The stalk is 1
reet in diameter and 8 feet hirh. and
the branches and foliage enver 1,009
square reet Last year It produce
2 tons of grapes.