VAST TREASURE IN WRECKS BENEATH WATERS OF INLAND SEAS.
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In twenty year3 between 1878 and
1898 6,000 vessels were wrecked on
the Inland seas, marine records show.
The loss of cargo In this period of
less than one-fourth of the years of
navigation on the lakes was $8,000,000.
From this estimate It Is figured that
the total number of vessels wrecked
reaches 14,000 and the amount of treas
ure at the bottom of the lakes Is $20,
000,000. String these sunken vessels with
their hidden treasures over the 1,000
mile course from Buffalo to Duluth.
and there would be one every half
mile.
The field of romance on the Inland
teas Is as great as that of the South
seas. Many of thoae vessels with rich
cargoes disappeared suddenly and mys
teriously, as If smuggled away by an
unseen power. Most of thsse cargoei
remain to this day for lucky fortune
hunters, In the wrecking of 14,000
ships thousands of lives were snuffed
out and unwritten acts of heroism
played. Many fortunes have been re
covered from the bottom of the lakes.
Not many years ego a treasure ship
came clown from the North, the Wil
liam H. Stevens, loaded with $101,880
worth of copper. She went down off
Conneaut, O. Unavailing efforts to re
cover her treasure were made until
Capt. Harris W. Baker, Detroit, fitted
out a modern treasure-hunting expedi
tion. He recovered $100,000 of the
cargo, his share of the treasure being
$50,000. On the south shore of Lake
Erie, between Erie and Dunkirk, the
steamer Dean Richmond lies with $50,
000 In zinc on board. The Richmond
disappeared between these two ports
and the bodies of the crew were
waBhed nnhore. Lake Huron Is called
the "Lal'.e of the Sunken Treasure."
Near Saginaw bay are more lost ships
with valuable cargoes than In any oth
er of the great lakes. The steamer
City of Detroit, with a $50,000 copper
cargo; R. G. Coburn, 100,000 copper
cargo, and the steamer Fay, with $20,
000 In steel billets on board, He in the
bay. The steamer Kent was sunk off
Point Pelee with much money In her
hulk. Eight men- lost their lives on
the Kent.
Whisky and coal form an Important
part of the treasure which awaits re
covery In the Inland seas. In 1846 the
Lexington, Capt. Peer, cleared from
Cleveland for Port Huron with a car
go of 110 barrels of whisky. The ship
foundered In mldlake with all on
board. To-day the whisky Is worth
$115 per barrel. The Anthony Wayne
sank In Lake Erie with 300 barrels of
whisky and wine on board. The West
moreland sank with a similar cargo.
It is said that coal worth $5,000,000
awaits recovery.
A terrible event on the inland seas
was the loss of the steamer Atlantic
off Long Point, Lake Erie, with 300
lives. Not until a quarter of a cen
tury had passed was trace of the ship
found. Treasure worth $30,000 was
taken from her. The Griffin, built by
La Salle at the foot of Lake Erie in
January, 1679, sailed across Lake Erie,
UP the Detroit river and entered Lake
Michigan. She started on the return
trip in the fall of 1680 with, $12,000
In furs on board. She was never
heard of.
Treasure hunters are now seeking
the $80,000 copper cargo that went
down with the steamer Pewablc In a
collision with the Meteor in August,
1865. The Pewabic went down In Lake
Huron, off Thunder Bay island. Five
men have lost their lives In attempts
to recover her cargo. The new attempt
is being made by a New York syndi
cate, which has perfected a Hiving rig
that they declare will withstand the
water pressure at the depth at which
the treasure lies.
EARLY LETTER OH THE UNION.
Dr. Rimh Feared a Too Quick Pence
with England Would Be Harmful.
One of the finest specimens of let
ters In a recent sale of autographs by
Stan V. Henkels In Philadelphia, was
written on April 15, 1782, by Dr. Ben
jamin Rush, a signer of the declara
tion of independence, to Maj.-Gen.
Nathanael Greene, says the New York
Times. s
Dr. Rush was physician-general of
the revolutionary army also. He prac
ticed hla profession In Philadelphia
and during the yellow fever epidemic
there in 1783 he treated It success
fully and it has been estimated that
he saved from death no less than
6,000 persons.
He was a firm supporter of the fed
eral constitution and his letter Is
chiefly about that subject. 'He says:
"It Is true France has done wonders
for ub. But may not even this have
a beneficial effect on our country here
after. It seems Intended by heaven to
teach us the necessity of a perpetual
union and confederation. If the com
bined force of all the States was un
equal to the power of Britain, what
can be expected from the spirit or re
sources of any one of them? I am so
perfectly satlsflod that the future
peace, safety, freedom of America
depend upon our union that I
view the debt of our country
with pleasure, especially that part
of It we owe to ourselves.
Our danger at present arises
principally from two causes. First, a
too speedy peace with Britain, and,
second, from Britain's acknowledging
our independence, I wish the first
may.be deferred till a naval war has
given us as many fleets and admirals
as a land war has given us armies and
generals. The last event would un
nerve the resentments of America and
Introduce among us all the conse
quence of English habits and manners
with English manufactures. To pre
vent this aud enable us to transmit
our feeling to posterity, I wish Brit
tin for fifty years to come may con
tinue In all her acts of government to
call us 'rebels' and 'deluded subjects."
We stand in need of all the follies
and vices of our enemies to give us a
national character."
On Sept. 23, 1783, the definitive
treaty of peace was signed, by which
the Independence of tho thirteen
United States was acknowledged by
Great Britain. It was not, however,
until after Jay's treaty in 1794 that
this original treaty of peace was fully
executed by Great Britain.
Dr. Rush's letter sold for $30.
A CANAL CARRIED ACROSS A CANAL IN A TANK.
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The Wonder of Science.
It was left for the exhibitor of a
phonograph in tho streets of Utrecht,
according to an American traveler, to
put the finishing touch to the wonder
ful Invention.
There was tho sound of a military
band In full blast, aud then suddenly
the tune stopped and "Halt!" srang
hoarsely out upon the a!r. .
"Who's that Interrupting the con
cert?" flippantly inquired the Ameri
can, edging close to the operator.
"That," said the man, surveying him
blandly, "was the voice of Napoleon
Bonaparte, giving the order at thd
Battle of Waterloo."
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THE BRIDGEWATER CANAL CROSSING MANCHESTER SHIB CANAL.
The Manchester ship canal, a remarkable feat of engineering, presents,
perhaps, no more curious feature than the Barton aqueduct, which is here il
lustrated. By means of this the old Bridgewater canal Is carried across the
more modern ship canal. Tho aqueduct, which Weighs 14,000 tons, has a
water-tight gate at either end. These gates are closed when It is necessary
to make way for a vessel on the canal below, and the aqueduct Is swung
aside on a pivot, the water on Its top being held, as it were, In a tank, two
walls of which aro formed by the water-tight gates. The Manchester ship
canal, which gives access for sea going vessels, was begun in 1887, and was
opened on the first day of 1894.. It starts at Eastham, on the left bank of
the Mersey estuary, some four miles above Birkenhead. It has a breadth of
172 feet at tho surface and 120 feet at the bottom, and a depth of twenty-six
feet. That is being Incrensed by two feet.
the
Quite So.
"New thought will beautify
plainest girl."
"That may be so, but very few girls
are going to give up lotions for no
tions." Milwaukee Journal.
liter Coutempt.
"1 s'pose you wouldn't marry me i
I were the only man on earth?"
"I wouldn't even bo engaged to you,"
responded the girl, "if you were the
only man at a summer resort." Loula
yill Courier-Journal.
Ill Synlem.
"It Is all very well to laugh at U3
suburbanites," said one of them, "but
I think my scheme is a pretty good
one."
"And that Is?"
"I rent my country home for the
sumnir for enough money to take my
wife and me to Europe and pay all
our expenses during the rented period.
We can live so much cheaper over
there that I am actually ahead of the
game, and, as we take a different
route every summer, we are seeing all
of Europe on a quiet Installment plan
that we like very much and that we
should not fool we could airora ex
cept for the extra Income from our
home."
"But you don't get any good of a
country home except In the summer,
and, being away, you miss all that
you really bought the place for."
"No, Indeed. That Is a theory you
city people have. On the contrary,
we people who really like to live In
the country enjoy It greatly in the
fall when the woods are at their most
gorgeous garb and our chrysanthe
mums are the wonder of all the neigh
bors: and In the spring we take great
delight In our hotbeds of early salads,
radishes, tiny onions, crocuses, violets
and other flowers and vegetables, aa
well as in the miracles of spring
woods and wild Hewers. We even
enjoy the country In winter but It
would be Idle lo talk to a city nun
about that, I suppose." Chicago Inter
i Oce
He Had Seen a Few.
The senior partner of the dry goods
establishment was freeing his mind
concerning the styles of head gear that
had come under his observation. "The
fashions in hats this season," he said,
"are absolutely the worst and most un
becoming I have ever seen in an ex
perlence of more than forty years."
"Oh, I don't know," said the junloi
partner, who was more tolerant. "They
have the charm of novelty, at any
rate."
"The 'charm' of novelty!" exclaimed
the other. "Tom, have you seen any
thing new in this spring's styles that
you can honestly say you admire?'
"Ye-es, I mink I have," hesitatingly
answered the junior partner.
"I'd like to know what!"
"Why, the girls."
The Force of Habit.
One of the campers had done some
thing peculiarly Idiotic, and the dean
said, "Dick reminds me of Thomas'
colt."
"What about Thomas' colt?" asked
Dick, cheerfully.
"Why," the dean responded readily,
"where I lived In Maine when I was
a boy an old man named Thomas
raised horses. He once put out to
pasture a colt, which had been fed
from Its birth in a box stall and wa
tered at the trough In the yard.
"The pasture lay across a small riv
er, and In the middle of the day the
colt swam the stream to go up to th
barnyard for a drink of water."
WHO MAKES BURGLARS' KITSP
Pew Shop Where the Jlmmr Caa
Be Bonght.
Every little while, said a London
detective, recently, the police arrest
a man with a set of burglar's tools in
his possession, and one naturally won
ders where they all come from. It Is
easy to buy a gun of any description
and the most reputable person would
not be alarmed to be seen purchasing
the most wicked looking knife ever
made, but who would know where to
get a Jimmy or a device for drilling
into a safe or any of the many tools
used by the professional burglar In the
pursuit of his calling?
There probably are places in the
large cities where these things are
made and sold to the user, but such
places are exceedingly scarce. It may
seem a little strange to learn that
most of the tools used In burglaries
are made by mechanics who are look
ed upon as respectable men In the
community. , When a burglar wants
any particular tool made he goe3 to
a mechanic who can do the job, and
pays him perhaps five times what it
is actually worth for making the tool
and keeping quiet about it. Many de
tectives can recall cases of this kind
that have come to light In London.
One In particular occurred some
years ago, when an escaped convict
named Williams went to a blacksmith
in the East End and got him to make
a lot of drills to be used in safe crack
ing. He personally superintended the
tempering of the steel, but when the
job was nearly completed it leaked
out, and Williams was arrested. In
this instance the blacksmith knew
nothing of the use to which the tools
were to be put: Most of the tools used
by burglars are secured in the same
way.
The only regular establishment ever
discovered where they were made was
In the East End. This was years ago,
and the place was soon pounced upon.
w shpt Sf tor
The New York Building Code, sec
tions 153-155, provides that, on the
refusal of an owner of an unsafe
building to make It safe or remove
it, a report of the building shall be
made to a court, which, if it finds
that the building is unsafe, shall com
mand the commissioner of buildings to
take it down or make it safe, and that
the expense thereof shall constitute
a Hen on the premises. Section 157
provides that if a building collapses
the city may remove the debris, to be
paid for out of the fund, under sec
tion 158. In the case of In re Jenkins,
115 New York Supplement, 385, such
provisions are construed by the New
York Supreme Court, and it is held
that the city has no lien on property
for expenses incurred In removing de
bris of a collapsed building and the
bodies of people burled beneath the
ruins, and Is directly liable to the
contractor employed to do the work.
The Maine Supreme Court's refer
ence in a previous decision to a search
warrant as "a sharp and heavy police
weapon to be used most carefully lest
it wound the security or liberty of the
citizen," is f11y justified by the con
duct of the officers as related in Buck
ley vs. Beaulieu, 71 Atlantic Reporter,
(0. Under the authority of a warrant
to search certain premises for intoxi
cating liquors, and armed with axes,
pickaxes and crowbars, they entered
the house and made a search from
attic to cellar, and even dug into the
floor of the cellar. On finding no
liquors, and Btrongly suspecting they
were somewhere concealed about the
house, they broke into and tore out
a strip from the interior walls of the
rooms below stairs entirely round each
room, and dropped the debris upon the
floors and carpets. All this was done
In the hope of finding, not the liquors,
but some pipe or other clue leading
to the liquors. The' officers then de
parted, leaving the occupants to re
move the debris, and-leaving the plain
tiff, the owner, to restore his house
and make it again habitable. Such
conduct was declared by the court to
be unlawful, and such a search en
tlrely unreasonable and In excess of
the officers' authority. It was no de
fense to an action for damages that
they acted In good faith, in the full
belief that the occupant was keeping
liquors in the house In violation of the
law.
Glanders In a JIan.
Glanders is a disease of horses, but
one from which, unfortunately, human
beings are not entirely exempt. For
merly cases of human glanders were
thought to be exceedingly few and far
between, the statistics of the registrar
general in England, for example, show
ing a mortality of only one or two
a year. Latterly, however, with im
proved means of diagnosis at our com
mand, it has been proved that many
persons have had glanders and died of
it with the real nature of the disease
wirecognized.
The ulcers have been diagnosed as
tuberculosis, as those of typhoid, of
smallpox, or of some form of blood
poisoning, and they have been treated
accordingly, with, of course, fatal re
sults; for glanders Is a very dreadful
disease, the cure of which depends
upon prompt and radical measures.
To-day there is no excuse for any
failure in correct diagnosis, because
the special bacillus causing glanders
called the Bacillus mallei is peculiar
to this disease.
It Is naturally those whose work
keeps them in close contact with horses
who are most in danger of glanders,
and it has also been known to attack
several members of a family where the
father worked in a stable, and one
case has been reported where a wash
erwoman caught it from infected cloth
ing.
Glanders may be either acuta or
chronic. There may be a slow succes
sion of abscesses attacking the mus
cles, or crawling along the lymphatic
system for months. Sometimes, after
surgical treatment, these abscesses will
heal, and there will be no further
symptoms; sometimes a slow chronic
case will suddenly burst out into a
violent acute one, and death ensue.
Other cases are acute from the first,
and may be mistaken for blood-poison
ing from some other cause, or for an
acute specific fever until the terrible
eruption appears, too late for any treat
ment to be of avail.
As to the treatment, there is little
that is cheerful to be said. Thorough
cutting out of the local sore Is the
one and only thing on which to- pin
any faith. Attempts have been made
to get an antitoxic serum, but so far
these have not been successful.
The best fight against "glanders has
been in the line of eradication of the
disease by means of the mallein test
on all suspicious animals. Any horse
which reacts to this test is at once
killed. In England It is now the rule
that most of the large stables are reg
ularly tested with mallein.
Stablemen and all people working
round horses should bo taught the val
ue of cleanliness, and especially the
need of great care when troubled with
any abrasion of the skin or open
wound, however small. ,
A Fitting Deduction.
"Do you know what an oath is, lit
tle girn"
"Yes, sir; I must always tell the
truth."
"If you always tell the truth, wher
will you go when you die?"
"Up to heaven."
"And if you tell lies?"
"To the naughty place, sir."
"Are you sure of that?"
"Quite."
"Let her be sworn. It Is quite clear
she knows a great deal more than I
do." Modern Society.
Going Oat.
Mr. B. There, I've let my cigar go
out. Do you know that it spoils
cigar, no matter how good it is, if you
allow it to go out?
Mrs. B. Yes; a ctgar is a good deal
like a man In that respect
Lock at Laat.
"I's done had de proof dat dar's luck
In a rabbit's foot." said Erastua
Finkly.
"What were de proof?"
"I done sold de one I't been carry-
in' so long to a superstitious white
lady fob to biU." Washington Star.
Ington, jumped from $12 at Nenkel'i
sale on April 3, 1906, to $24. i
The Increase in price wa3 not con
fined to revolutionary autographs. A
letter by Lord George Gordon Byron,
June 22, 1821, to Signor Albaghetti,
brought $25 at Henkel's, in Philadel
phia, in 1906, but now went for $28.
A letter signed but not written by.
Robert Blake, British, admiral during
Cromwell'B time, sold for $8 at Mer-win-Clayton's,
March 23, 1906, but now
brought $25.
THE MORALITY OF "WRINKLES.
Maage and Care Still Fall to De
fraud Time.
"What saddens me mobt," said the
Western woman, on her first visit o
Atlantic City, "is not the tiresome
monotony of all these directoire
gowns, but the expressionless same
ness of the faces above them. What
has become of all the fine old lines
of character and individuality?"
"Been massaged away," was the
laughing reply; "skin food and a
trained masseuse for an hour everjr
day, with a cup of chocolate and a
nap after it; and once begun, the
process has to be kept up, or thd
wrinkles show worse than before.
"You are an unsophisticated ranch-
woman," the speaker continued, smil
ing up into the fine, mobile face over
which a flush of astonishment and
scorn was creeping; "and I am a busy
wife and mother, with neither the(
time nor the money to waste in elab-
orate defenses against ugliness and;
wrinkles. Perhaps in her old age we
may benefit others by being a hor
rible warning to them."
The two women were swallowed up
by the crowd on the board walk.
spite of their silvery hair, artistically j
dressed, without monstrosities of puffs ;
and pompadours, their faces glowed
with a youthfulness and animation
bespeaking sturdy living, mental alert- !
ness, forces long maturing and years
well spent. Their handsome hats and :
gowns, which seemed to clothe rather j
than bedizen them," could not' conceal I
the grace, 'dignity and elasticity of
all their movements.
A lady who In the crowd had been
pressed so close to them that she
could not but overhear their conver
sation said to herself that should they
live to be a hundred their faces would
still be , far more attractive than the
smoothed-out faces of fashionable so
ciety. She recalled with A smile how
the Due de Richelieu visited Voltaire
in Paris when both had reached the
age of eighty. The shriveled man of
letters, in his night-cap, looked bet
ter preserved than the duke, who ap
peared magnificently dressed In all his
decorations, with his wrinkles gath
ered up and fastened under his
peruke. Youth's Companion.
ml
PRICE OF AUTOGRAPHS UP.
Cue of the Typewriter Make Writ
ten Mannacrlpt More Valuable.
The tendency to use the typewriter,
according to collectors of rare nianu
scripts, is to increase gradually but
surely the value of autographs. It is
becoming difficult to find any but type
written letters of eminent men of this
era, especially those In public office,
The raise in price, however, is notice
able also In the letters of distinguish
ed persons of past generations. The
autographs of the eminent men of the
revolutionary period, for Instance, are
each season commanding higher fig
ures. The latest sale at Anderson's of
autographs furnishes proof of this up
ward tendency of prices for Important
items, the New York Times says. It
so happened that some of the inter
esting letters had been sold only a
few years ago in New York, Philadel
phia or Boston.
Thus a letter of Robert Benson,
Sept 19, 1780, to Col. Richard Varick,
relating to passes given to tories by
Gen. Horatio Gates, and telling of
Clinton's confidence in Benedict Ar
nold, whose treason was discovered
two days later, fetched only $7 at a
sale by Stan. V. Henkels in Philadel
phia in 1906, but now it realized $41.
A letter of James Duane to Gov.
George Clinton, Sept. 7, 1780, in re
gard to the defeat of Gen. Gates at
Camden, brought $12 at Libbie's in
Boston on May 15, 1906, and now real
ized $15.50.
A manuscript of a special message
to Congress by U. S. Grant, while
president of the United States, writ
ten in pencil on eight quarto pages,
sold for $24 at Anderson's in 1906,
but now was bid up to $86.
A letter of Francis Hopkinson, sign
er of the Declaration of Independence,
written on May 10, 1780, to Nathaniel
Appleton of Boston, which sold for
$3.50 at Merwin-Clayton's on Jan. 12,
1906, now fetched $10.50.
A letter signed but not written, by
Gen. Robert E. Lee and addressed to
Gen. U. S. Grant, June 6, 1864, with
regard to the burying of the dead and
the removal of the wounded after the
battle of Cold Harbor on June 3,
brought $13 at Anderson's on May 9,
190o, and now realized $24.50.
A letter of Col. Robert McGraw,
July 29, 1776, to Col. James Wilson,
ficrlbln the condition of Fort Wah-
A REAL TREAT.
An English rural clergyman lives
In a mental Isolation which is the sub
ject of an amusing yet somewhat pain
ful story found in Rev. S. Baring
Gould's recent book, "Cornish Charac
ters and Strange Events." One day
William Pengelly, a geologist well
known in his time, was traveling on
foot for the purpose of examining the
rocks, when he learned that his road
lay within a couple of miles of his old
mathematical friend, D. His time was
very short, put .for "auld lang syne"
he decided to visit his friend, whom
he had not met for several years.
When he reached the rectory, which
was in a very secluded district, Mr.
and Mrs. D. were fortuntely at home,
and received him with their wonted
kindness.
The salutations were barely over
when Pengelly said:
"It is now 6 o'clock. I must reacH
Wellington to-night, and as it is said
to be fully eight miles off, and I am
wholly unacquainted with the road,
and -with the town when I reach it, I
cannot remain with you one minut9
after 8 o'clock."
"Oh, very well," said D. "Then we
must improve the shining hour. Jane,
my dear, be so good as to order tea."
Having said this, he left the room.
In a few minutes he returned with a
book under his arm and 1 his hand3
filled with writing materials,' which he
nlaced on the table. Oneninsr the honk-
he said:
"This is Hind's Trigonometry, and
here's a lot of examples for practice.
Let us see which can do the greatest
number of them by 8 o'clock. I did
most of them many, years ago, but i
have not looked at them since. Sup
pose we begin at this one" which he
pointed out "and take them as they
come. We can drink our- tea . as we
work, so as to lose no time."
"All right," said Pengelly, although
it. was certainly not the object fo?
which, he had come out of his road.
v They set to work. No words passed'
between them; the servant brought 'sx
the tray, Mrs. D. handed them their
tea, which they drank now and then,
and the time flew on rapidly.
At length, finding it to be a quarter
to 8, Pengelly said, "We must stop, fo
in a quarter ofan hour I must be ou
my road."
"Very well. Let us see how on
mara fltrroa vHth tliua n v .... v .
ea one more man Pengelly had.
, v-gw D.U,
trooa-oy. Do come again as soon
as you can. The fanners about here
know nothing whatever about trigo
nometry." They parted at the rectory door and
never met again, for D. died a few,
years laUr. '
1