Pruning Larue Llmbi.
To ensure rapid healing in the plant
after pruning it is necessary that all
wounds should be left smooth. If It is
necessary to use a saw in removing a
large limb the cut surface should be
left smooth asd clean, particularly
around the edges. The sharper the saw
the cleaner will the cut be and this
should in turn be made smoother by
the use of a pruning knife or a sharp
chisel, as the healing process starts
quicker and progresses more rapidly
when this precaution is observed. It
frequently happens that In order to ob
tain the best results In removing large
branches, two cuts should be made. The
limb may be sawed off 18 Inches or
feet above the point of its origin in
order to prevent splitting down and
tearing off a considerable part of the
bark. After the weight of the limb
has been lessened -by cutting away the
1m
If
HINT ON PRUNING.
main part a second cut can be made
and the stub held In position until the
cut la completed. The evil results of
splitting can frequently be overcome
by cutting first on the under side of
the limb and then on the upper side as
shown in the illustration.
Oleomargarine Yeraua Hatter.
Oleomargarine Is a perfectly legiti
mate product, and when made of good
material and under sanitary conditions,
groatly to be preferred to poor butter.
The only "kick" coming here from the
consumer is when oleomargarine, be It
ever so good, masquerades under the
guise of butter and in sold at the same
price. In Illinois most drastic laws
have recently been passed relating to
the sanitary condition of butterlne and
ice cream factories.
The Worcester (Mass.) Board of
Trade goes still further In Its crusade
for sanitary surroundings for the man
ufacture of Ice cream, when it says:
'All establishments In which icecream
Is manufactured shall be equipped with
facilities for the proper cleansing of
the hands of the oeratives, and all
persons immediately before engaging In
the mixing of the Ingredients entering
Into the composition of ice cream or
18 subsequent freezing and handling
shall thoroughly wash his or her hands
and keep them cleanly during such man-
unitiure ana handling. AH such per
sois shall be dressed In clean outer
garments while engaged In such ninnu
f.icture and handling." Here is surely
a more In the right direction which
every woman will Indorse.
amu iron Wher
'At Rodman Village, Jefferson. Coun
ty, New York, the St Lawrence Dairy
Products Company has erected a plant
for the manufacture of butter from
whey, and about twenty-five factories
are supplying it with separator cream
taken from whey. The butter made la
said to be equal to best creamery but
ter. The loss of butter-fat In cheese
making has long" troubled' factorymen,
It being found impossible to incorporate
all the fat In the cheese. .The new sys
tem appears to have solved the ques
tion, and patrons are netting about
2,4c additional per 100 "pounds from
this source. ; The whey is said to be
worth as much for feeding as before,
and does uot sour as soon, being run
through the separator at a higher tem
perature than under the old method,
retarding the action of lactic acid.
About four pounds of butter Is obtain
ed from 1,000 pounds of whey.
ELECT
THE
ESIDEN
ING
The Hen'a Health.
Dr. Salmon of the Bureau of Am
mal Industry lays down this rule for
telling the health of the bird by its
droppings : The condition of the drop
pings furnishes a good indication of
the hen's heultb. They should be of
sufficient consistency to ,ho!d their
shape, but should not be too solid. In
color they should be dark, tapering
off luto grayish white. If the drop
pings are soft or pasty, and of a yel
lowish or brownish color, It Indicates
too much carbo-hydrates or a lack of
meat. If, on the other hand, the drop
pings are watery and dark, with red
splashes of mucus in them. It Indi
cates too much meat. A greenish,
watery diarrhoea usually Indicates un
sanitary conditions either in the sur
roundings, the feed or the water.
Tranaplantlnir Treea.
In transplanting old trees it is desir
able to save all possible roots and to
have these disturbed as little as pos
sible. In the case of young fruit trees,
however, good growth may. be secured
If the roots are well cut back. One
may not fear then to cut away all
broken, mangled, dried or dead parts
of the root system In setting young
trees. In fact, a tree is better off
without sucn dead parts. If the trees
have been so handled that all main
roots and small fibrous ones are fresh,
If they show no signs of having dried
out and especially If the cuts show
healing or if new rootlets are begin
ning to start there will be little need
of pruning the roots at the time of set
ting.
N the second Monday In January followlug
a presidential election there assembles tn
every State capital a body of men, equal
In number to the number of Senators and
Representatives to which the State may be
entitled, who will go through the form of
voting by ballot for President and Vice
President These men constitute the electoral college.
Their action is a ratification of an election really de
cided the first Tuesday after the first Monday of Novem
ber. On that day tbe people of the various States se
lected these presidential electors on party tickets and
each elector is tacitly pledged to vote for his party can
didate. Hence tbe electors are In practice agents through
whom the popular election is confirmed.
In tho early days many of the States Intrusted the
choice to their legislatures. The practice of choosing
the electors by direct popular vote was first adopted in
Virginia, Pennsylvania and Maryland. With the develop
ment of democratic principles it spread through the other
States, until In 1882 South Carolina was the only com
monwealth that retained the method of appointment by
tbe Legislature, and she dropped it In 18(!8. Colorado,
the Centennial State, was admitted in 1878, the year of
a presidential election, and had not time to provide by
law for a popular choice of presidential electors for that
year. Accordingly, the choice was for that time left to
the State Legislature, but for that time only.
In the presidential election of 1800 Stephen A. Douglas
was second to Lincoln in the popular vote. Yet if the
election had been thrown into the House of Representa
tives, as It was In 1800 and 1824, when Jefferson and
John Qulney Adams were chosen, Douglas would not
have been Included in the list of three candidates voted
upon by the representatives, because In the electoral col
lege three candidates were given more votes than he.
If the vote In the electoral college had been distributed
among the candidates according to the number of votes
for each at the polls, Lincoln, who had . 180 electoral
votes, would have received 121, Douglas 98, Breckenrldge
63 and Bell 88. As it was, Douglas, who was second
to Lincoln in the popular vote, received fewer electoral
votes than either Breckenrldge or Bell. He controlled
but twelve votes In the college. Breckinridge had 73
and Bell 89. As Lincoln, who received less than half
-of all the votes cast In November, was given 180 of tho
303 electoral votes, each electoral vote cast for him rep
resented 10,809 ballots, while the suffrages of 1,375,157
Y of Douglas' political adherents gave him only twelve
votes in the college, each representing, had the popular
ratio been observed, 114,896 votes.
With 49 per cent of the popular vote, Hayes, even after
the electoral commission had given him every disputed
vote, had but 1S5 but of 369 electoral votes. His ma-.
Jority of one vote was enough to elect him, but it wa
not enough to raise his percentage of 50 per cent of
the electoral votes to 51 per cent Garfield, with 48 per
cent of the popular vote, had 58 per cent of the college
with him.. V . ''.; ;
A candidate three times, Cleveland was never given
a majority of the popular vote, though la 1888, when he
was defeated by Harrison, he had a larger vote than
his successful rival. In 1884, with 48 per cent of the
popular vote, he had In the electoral college 54 per cent
In 1892, with only 46 per cent of the popular vote, he
carried enough States to give him 62 per cent of the
electoral college. Harrison In 1888 had 47 per cent of
the popular vote and 58 per cent of the electoral college.
In ISOf! and 1900 61 per cent of the voters declared for
McKlnley. In 1900 his electoral college vote showed a
gain of 4 per cent over his record of 1896, when he con
trolled 61 per cent of the presidential electors. Though
President Taft was given the largest popular vote ever
cast for a presidential candidate, President Roosevelt
holds the record of receiving the largest percentage, of
the popular vote. In 1904 he was the choice of 57 per
cent of tbe voters and in the eelctoral college 71 per cent
voted for him.
The members of the electoral college In each State hav
ing voted, three lists of their ballots are signed, certified
and sealed. One Is mailed to the president of the Sen
ate, one Is sent to him by special messenger and" one is
filed In the State capital. On the second Wednesday in
February the president of the Senate, In the presence of
both bouses of Congress, opens one of these lists, the
electoral votes are counted and the President Is formally
declared elected.
Bee Culture.
Authough there is no fortune to ba
expected lu bee culture, the business Is
one of profit. The raising of bees Is
one of the most interesting of pastimes
and also one that pays well for the In
veBtuient. Honey is, perhaps, the pur
est and richest of all bweets and should
be found on every farm. Of course,
farmers cannot bo expected to main
tat 11 lurge apiaries, though they should
always have a few hives. What Is not
consumed ou the farm can always be
old.
Half a dozen or so colonies of bees
In well-arranged hives Is sutllclent to
begin the bee business. In fact they
are about what the average fanner
should keep. Before embarking In the
business, however, It la advisable to
beeomo posted as much as possible.
This can bo done by studying books
and papers on bee culture and by visit
ing tome apiary conducted by a man
who knows the business.
Airing- the Kwn.
Many beginners do uot understand
why the eggs In the Incubator should
not be turned or aired after the eigh
teenth day. The reason Is that at this
time the chicks are getting ready to
"pip" the shells, and they shape them
selves around so as to pip on the up
per side of the shell first. Should the
eggs be moved when the chicks are
about to hatch the bill may be torn.
The fluid will naturally flow to the
opening and dry them there, holding
the chick's head tight. It does not
take long to Bhut off life In this condition.
Ceaaua of Fowla.,
According to the last census, there
are 233.508,005 chickens of laying age
In tho Uulted States. These are val
ued at 170,000,000, and the eggs they
lay would. If divided, allow 203 eggs
annually to every persou man, woman
and child in tbe United State. The
value of all the fowls, $5J,S00,0O0,
would entitle every person tn the coun
try to 91.12 If they were sold and tbe
proceeds divided. All tho weight of
the animal product exported the
pork, beef, tallow, ham, bacon and tau
age -weigh 846,860 tons, while the
weight of eggs laid yearly tip the
cult at 970,363 tout. .
Cement. Hog Wallow.
A recent introduction In several up
to-date farm yards are cement hog
wallows. They are supplied periodical
ly with fresh water and the approaches
re made by pounding cobble stones
Into the earth to prevent mud mixing
In with the water. Sometimes lice rem
edies of an oily nature are poured in
thu wallow with the water. Being
lighter, of course, the antiseptic, stuff
floats and the hogs can't go in without
getting an oily "coating all over them.
This is objectionable, unless the rem
edy is harmless to the hog. Inside as
well as out.because hogs will sometimes
rink from the wallow; but even this
la taken advantage of by using lice
killers. Journal of Agriculture.
1 II
5 Sa ' Pr.rW;kMS
IK
$4444444444444444444444fJ
"We were all crazy to meet our new
sister-in-law," said the talkative Miss
Menton, "so when Sam wrote that he
would bring her from Texas to spend
August with us we could hardly wait
to welcome her.
"We arranged to go to the country,
for the poor girl had so much hot
weather at home that we wanted her
to be cool and comfortable while she
was visiting us. Sam had written, be
fore he was married, with the usual
Make the Home Kat slowly. lover s enthusiasm, of Jessie's beauty
If your horse has the habit of boltIn and other perfections, especially of her
his feed you can easily remedy It by remarkable amiability and unselflsh
maklng a self-feeder on his feed box. ness, so we expected that our own fail-
The accompanying lngs would be painfully apparent by
drawing shows contrast
how a feeder, may
be made similar to
a poultry feed
hopper. The con
trivance may be
HOLDS ONK FEED. nmdo Q f ,nch
boards large enough to hold one feed.
"We all went to the station to meet
I them and nobody was disappointed In
Jessie's looks. She was fair, with
fluffy hair and a bewitching smile and
her little feet, tn high-heeled patent
leather Bllppers, were most captivating.
Her figure was slender and her rajah
The horse can get the grain only in princess gown fitted her perfectly. Al
small quantities and so cannot eat it though the large saiior hat may not
more rapidly than he should. The bot
tom must be made with enough slant
to Insure all of the feed coming out In
the trough. Farm and Home.
Dimmit Churning.
To those who are unsuccessful lu
churning I would like to give my re
cipe. Always set the fresh milk ou
have been the most suitable for travel
ing, It was the very latest thing and
highly becoming. Her southern accent
was charming and her little Insistent
drawl demanded everybody's attention,
"In fact, we were so taken up with
her that we scarcely noticed Sam. Nat
urally, though, it was quite a shock
when Sister Margaret who was always
his special chum, said In a shaky voice
the stove and heat it, not to the boll
Ing tK)lnt, but Just hot before straining 'Don't you think Sam looks rather thin
or Bennratinir. This causes more and ud worn"
thicker cream to gather. I am sure
you who try this will experience no
further trouble In getting butter, as It
comes quickly and sure. Small quanti
ties of cream may be churned by stir
ring In a crock If treated in this sim
ple way. Exchange.
Chlna'a Peanut Crop
IVinnta form oue of the largest
crops over a large part of the northern
provinces of China, aud euter rather
heavily Into both the Cblua coast aud
foreign trade. They go chiefly to Rus
sian Pacific ports, Slam, Japan and
Great Brltalu. Of the peanut oil the
United States buys $.V)0,000 worth
year.
Ponttrr Plrklnara.
Fat hens and lots of eggs are no
apt to go together.
Cooked beans are rich feed for hens.
Have some for use by and by.
There are hogs among hens. Any
among yours? Get them out where
they cauuot rob those that are slower
eaters.
"Dry" hens and those that lay ought
not to be fed alike. Separate them
and feed according to the business that
la being done.
Sometimes the old ring-streaked and
speckled hen will lay the beet of any
In the yard; but don't conclude that
that always ought to be true. Breed
does tell. In hens aa well as In every
thlug else.
"
Why, perhaps he does,' said the
rest of us. 'It must be the hot weather
down there. Thank goodness, we're go
ing to the country Thursday.' '
And,' went on Margaret under her
breath, 'Isn't he shabby?
" 'What 1 The f astidlous Sam 1 Mar
garet, you're dreaming!' That's the
way we crushed. her for making the
absurd suggestion.
'The light of day proved Margaret
right Although Sam was pressed and
brushed with his usual care, shiny
spots on his clothes were plainly
visible.
"Jessie did not appear until luncheon
time, Sam having taken her breakfast
to their room, and then she was a love
ly picture tn a pink lingerie gown, styl
ish coiffure, dainty shoes and silk hose.
A diamond sunburst peeped from the
real lace at her throat and three large
atones blared on her hand.
"'I do hope you weren't 111," said
Margaret sympathetically.
" Oh, no,' cooed Jessie. I never get
up early. Sam Is so sweet He always
brings me my breakfast He la the
dearest thing. You know, he never
minds breakfasting alone, and Dinah
looks after him so well. And he's
never cross when I am not ready for
lunch. Sometimes be doesu't come
home he says he cant afford to wait
a couple of hours. I tell htm the bust
uees Is old euough now to run itself
while he's sway. Of course, I'm al
ways up by 10 on Fridays, for we have
our little bridge club that morning and
I'm so Interested in it! We give silk
stockings for prizes, and I've won seven
pairs. I'm always fined a quarter for
delaying the game, but who minds a
small thing like that? Oh, how hot it
la here! I never felt the heat In Texas
as I do this,' mopping her pretty brow.
" 'Never mind, dear,' I chirped. 'We
are all packed and start for the coun
try to-morrow.'
"'I'm so sorry that I can't go,'
drawled Jessie. 'Sam knows I loathe
the country and I've got a lot of shop
ping to do. You have such bargains in
Chicago in August And I want to go
to the theater. I hope Sam won't for
get the tickets for this afternoon.'
. " 'You can't go to the theater in this
weather ; you'll die, we all gasped.
" 'It's never too hot for a good play,'
said Jessie. 'I shall go at least four
times a week while I'm here. But1
with a seraphic smile 'don't let me in
terfere with your plans In the least.
Sam and I will be all right here.'
But but,', stammered Margaret,
'we are going to close the house the
cook is going and Sam he I'm sure
he needs a change.'
" 'Oh. Sam is such a dear. He's al
ways happy where I am. And never
NOBODY WA8 DISAPPOINTED IN JESSIS'S
I-OOKS."
mind about the cook. I really don't
care for much to eat in summer. And
Sam did you know he had learned to
cook? He Just loves to scramble eggs.
or make a Welsh rarebit, or set up any
little tasty thing at night that I fancy.'
"Margaret sought safety In flight
On her interviewing Sam, while I went
with Jessie to look at hats, he said:
I am sorry, Margaret but you under
stand that I don't like to Insist on
Jessie's going into the country. You
see, we live In a small town "and Chi
cago Is such a nice change for her.
The dear child loves the city and the
aters and shops.'
"And you, Sam?' asked Margaret
"Oh, I'm ill right Of course, I
love the old farm and the fishing, but
I really do not need that kind of thing.
"The cook was persuaded to postpone
her vacation until September. Mar
garet or 1 sweltered in the city for a
week at a time, while the other, tried
to pacify a disgruntled household In the
country. Sam passed four happy days
with Margaret at the lake he had loved
in boyhood, but a telegram from Jessie
recalled him. He left It In bis room
and I was not too honorable to read It
It said:
M 'Please come. I miss you so much.
I cant button any of my new waists.'
"Finally we all returned home In
order to see something of poor old Sam.
He spent most of his time in the shops
with Jessie, but the last few days he
quietly rebelled and, giving her a roil
of bills, told her she might go with
out him. and I Impressed upon her the
necessity of economy.
"'Get the suit you want,' he said.
She had bought five already. 'Get the
white hat and the other little things,
and, by the way, dear, would you mind
sending up, that fancy waistcoat I liked
yesterday. Then we really must not
get another thing, or we'll not have
enough money to take us home.'
"'Come in, girls, and see all the
pretty things we bought to tako'back,'
Jessie called the following day in the
midst of packing.
"The bed and every available chair
were strewn with new gowns, coats,
shoes, hats and' dainty accessories.
Sam stood hopelessly gazing at two
half-filled trunks, struggling with, a'
problem that apparently gave his wife
no concern.
"Til have to go and buy another
trunk,' he said, 'and I hate like poison
to do it'
" 'Oh, Sam, don't be so extravagant,'
said Jessie. 'Margaret will lend you
one for your things, won't you, dear?
And, please take all your stuff off the
bed. I don't want to mix it with mine.'
"Sam removed a leather belt, a
whisk broom and a small frame con
taining the picture of a bull dog which
represented his entire expenditure.
"'Don't forget your fancy waistcoat,'
Margaret reminded him.
""Oh, Sam, I know you won't mind,
but I didn't get it after all,' said Jessie.
'I saw these lovely silver purses, so I
got one for myself and one for Sister
Amy, and I'm going to be real unselfish
and let you give it to her.' Turning to
us she added : 'Amy's Just devoted to
Sam and he always gives her something
really good.'
" 'Where is the new suit you or
dered? asked Margaret, who had col
lected Sam's scanty wardrobe to pack
in her trunk.
" 'I decided to get one in Texas, said
Sam.
" 'I don't really believe you need a
new one, do you, Sam, dear?" asked
Jessie sweetly. . Then to Margaret she
said: 'You see, Sam Is so well known
at home everybody Just loves him
that it doesn't much matter what he
wears,'
" Then, pray, why is it necessary for
yon to have so many new clothes?'
asked Margaret no longer able to sup
press her wrath.
"Why, Margaret I'm really sur
prised! Of course, I couldn't go home
with my old things. Sam, please tell
her. Why, they wouldn't believe we
had really been to Chicago? And the
girls in our bridge club are so dressy.
Oh, did you ever sea such lovely sock
ing as these? They were only $4.50
a pair. I picked out a good quality for
prizes, because 1 am pretty sure to
win them. Sam, yon sweet thing, you'll
have to finish packing for me, for I'm
Just tired to death and must take a
nap.- .. -
"There !" ended the talkative Miss
Menton. "Now, what do you think of
our new sister-in-law f-hicago Daily
News.
;oiiE3 Fsoii srAiir.
Every man who believes In fortuna-
teilinf, believes In every other form
of folly. t ; 1
Cigarette Habit Which Haa Spread
Over tbe . United Statea. i"
Nothing has been more notable in
the social changes' of ., the last few
years than the extent to which the
cigarette lias Increased in popular use.
The modern cigarette seems to have
originated in Spain, where, maize or
other suitable vegetable envelopes for
the tobacco being unobtainable, a thin
sheet of paper was substituted. Thus
the cigar and cigarette assumed, dis
tinct forms. . A Spanish proverb de
clares that "a papelitos (a paper ci
gar), a glass of clear water and a kiss
from a pretty girl will sustain a man
for a whole day."
The dainty, unsubstantial, airy cU
garette is the natural smoke of the
Latin peoples. Its use in this country'
dates from only some 40 years ago.
In 1845 an English writer noted that
the -cigarette was smoked In England
by foreign visitors onlyl The Crimean
war of 1854-6 led many English mili
tary and naval officers to adopt this
mode of smoking, , then common in
Malta, the . Levant, Turkey and Rus
sia. " -
English officers, unable to procure ci
gars, and driven by the hardships of
the Crimean campaign to the allevia
tion of tobacco, took to the cigarette,
.... 1 ' 11. I TT1 . 3 n. . , I.
BuiuH.eu vy ineir r reiicu auu 1 ursisu
allies. Returning, they brought ths
mode to England, and the cigarette be- -came
fashionable among clubmen and
in the higher -circles. Eventually It
came to America. ' v
SOME MARRIED MEDITATIONS
By Clarence L. Cnllen
Ever notice what a horribly dead-
looking thing your wife's hair "rat" is
as it lies, inert, bulgy and revolting on
her on maybe your dresser?
What a woman most likes about
nursing her husband when he's sick is
that she can boss him around and
claim that it's the doctor's orders.
Women of a certain temperament
complain about their husbandsV lacB:
of Imagination," forgetting that -most
imagine rs are .perfectly dandy little
liars besides.
It doesn't necessarily follow that this
woman, who calls her husband "Pettie'
and "Baby-doll" In front of folks. Is ,
any crazier over him than less gush-
erino women are of 'their spouses..
Is there any wife, anywhere, . who
does not cuttingly ridicule her husband
after he has, in her presence, exhibited
a certain amount of entirely harmless -gallantry
toward another woman?
When a wife becomes so dogmatic
and opinionated her husband it liable
to develop such a fondness for the
game of billiards that he. has to stay
out late 0' nights to practice new shots.
Some women, when they feel that
they are going to be. sick abed, are
more concerned over the laundering of
their lingerie robes de nult than they
are over the consequences of their ail
ment ' "" '
Here they're pulling that "Wives are
slaves" thing as new stuff,' whereas
every married man since the days of
the Hyksos kings of Egypt has. heard
his sobful wife declare that she was .
n-n-nothing b-b-but a s-s-slave. v
While women are singularly credu
lous of the most Improbable things
they see on the stage, they flatly rebel
and refuse to believe it when, In a
play, they see a husband making vio
lent love to the wife he's been married
to for ten years.
Ever stop to reflect what these ,
raging, ramping beauties" would look
like If they had to cut their hair short,
like men's, and abandon millinery and
embellishments and fluff-wuffs and so
on, and wear men's baggy togs and
derby hats and such gear?
A husband who is the victim of a
humdrum connublality can't help but
wonder and mentally Inquire "Why?"
when, with attractive male guests at
his table, his wife chirks up astonish
ingly, darts artlessly arch glances, as
sumes a forgotten vivacity, and takes
on generally the charm and grace of
the flown years. . -
Almoat Concealed. '
Phoebe And you really think - hd
loves you?
Phyllis I know' it Didn't be pro
pose on his knees? . ; . ; '
Phoebe Oh, that's nothing.' Many
lovers do the same. ;
Phyllis Yes, but he proposed while
strapping on my skates, and his knees
were on the ice fifteen minutes. New
Orleans Picayune.
. Exchanged Favora. :
, It Is a curious coincidence that Can
ada's greatest railroad man, Sir Will
iam Van Home, is a native of the
United States, and that the greatest
railroad builder of the United States,
James J. Hill. Is a native of tbe Do
. , .The Producer.
"Does your husband play poker?"
"I dont know," answered young Mrs.
Torklns. "From what I hear he sim
ply sits up to the table and enjoys see
ing other people contend for what b?
outs up." Washington Star.
la the Sonp.
Walter One order tomato soup. ;
Chef There's nothing left but con.
somme. ... '.-
Walter Well, spill soma ketchup ba it
yon dub the geut's In a hurry.
Cleveland Leader.
We would all have our right If aa
many things didn't go wrong. . -