ASPHALT
Si
. A. -
' -j, a r . w
1 1
PREDICT WAR WITH AMERICA.
Venezuelan Odleinl See Only One
Outcome of Aanhnlt Row,
War with the United States over
fifty miles of swamp hind is predicted
by leudlug Venezuelan officials. The
trip was under control of the asphalt
trust until the beginning of the long
series of dlnultles that now may end
in a contest with America.
All the turmoil, bloodshed, revolution
and International controversies have
their origin In this speck of territory.
Upon Its proper development depends
the wealth of the nation ; for It is the
natural outlet for all the resources of a
country so rich In the em-th's trensures
that the dreams of a Plzarro might be
realized. It was granted to the as
phalt trust with the agreement that It
would be developed. Canals were to be
flu so that the boats could sail up the
river to the gold mines, the silver
mines, the oil wolls and the rich coffeo
plantations. Railroads were to have
been built One of the Venezuelan gov
ernment's principal complaluts against
the American aephalt trust Is that It
never fulfilled any of these promises.
All the trust did was to push its own
Doats Into tho pitch lakes, load them
and take away the valuuble natural
product
Tho district has remained impover
ished because undeveloped. Its 8,0ui,
000 people were poor because they could
not get their wealth sold. The rail
roads and tho canals promised never
materialized luto anything better than
mule caravans and canoes. The cus
toms which composed the chief Income
to tho national treasury fell off, for tliu
asphalt was free of duty.
TYiim tfin IniHni.i. t ti.t.. u.i j
- ...w.,7, ()l UI amen j-ji,
Of Spanish, negroes, and natives reach
d the boiling point. They hated these
4,000 white men and their trust itreed
They made life dangerous for the for-
eigners. suns were tiled In the shaky
courts or me country to try to get back
we aspuait weaitn given away. Castro
found he was fishtlng the most expert
trust lawyers, men who knew other
tricks besides those of the courts. Revo
lutionary lenders took advantage of tbe
turmoil to start Internal troubles. Kv
erybody In Venezuela believes that tho
Matas rebellion was financed by the
trust and all enezuelaiis insist that
it was Castro's duty to the people to
dispossess the trust.
Meanwhile this land of wonderful
wealth lies like a shining diamond in n
hill of sand. Its Brazil wood, coral
trees, indigo, rubber, bananas remain
in the forest. Its gold and silver and
copper and marble and granite are still
iu tbe earth, valueless to Venezuela and
the commercial world.
SEEING LINCOLN IN 1803.
How a Private Soldier Attended a
White llnuae Keceytlon.
It was In the spring of IStfa, when I
was "toppInK for a while in Washing
ton, says a contributor to the Boston
Transcript. I attended, 0110 day, a re
ception at the White House. The
rooms were, of course, crowded with
efflevm of the nriny, legislators and rep
resentatives of foreign courts In great
abundance. Mr. Uncolu held his re
ceptions In the blue room, opposite the
main entrance. For a long time the
pasKafrc to hltu was crowded, but later
th crowd thinned out a lout him,, so
t " sf After w)
h AM T'A J mm fi Mtnl I," s
WOEK IS VENEZUELA IS A BONE OF
."V... V"
!2r
-www
,
J&ojt
n'w ft-
J
that he had short spaces of rest. I had
been wandering around, and at last
found myself close to the main en
trance. Soon I saw a common soldier
"come up to the hall. He was an ex
ceedingly rough looking specimen. His
clothes were worn and soiled, his boots
outside his trousers, dirty beyond de
gree. You could hardly conceive a more
unfit person to enter that great crowd.
He evidently had a great desire to see
the President, but knew his unfitness to
enter. But It was not long before he
mustered courage to push his way un
der the cover of others well Into the
hall.
Noting the anxious yearning look on
his face, I became Interested to watc
his movements und note the result. 1
was not very long before I observed
that Mr. Lincoln had an eye on him
as he chanced to come near the door of
tho reception room. Once and again
saw his eye search out this foiled and
bespattered soldier with the most teu
oer iook. alien came a more vacant
space between the two. At length Mr
Lincoln, with an enormous stride and
a long outrenchlng arm, advanced
grasped this soldier by the hand, with a
greeting that must have beeu seen and
heard to be fully understood: "Come
forward, my friend; we are all equal
uero. "
With this hand grasp and welcome
Mr. Lincoln's attention was turned else
where but I can remember 110 other In
eldent that thrilled me as did that lit
tle scene. And the effect of It upon
mat soinier-lt seemed to transform
mm in a moment What a new manli
ness it put iuto his face and attitude.
Iu a few moments he was gone, but It
was plain that from that hour Mr. Lin
coln had at least one man In his armv
who was ready to give his life to help
.Mr. Lincoln save the cause for which
both of them were tolling and sacrl
uVing. And It seemed at the moment
that I could easily do the same.
A Mnrrliiue Ftetiou.
The polite fiction obtains that mar
rluges are made In heaven. This ro
ninntlc viewpoint Is particularly ixuu
lar In America, where It is held to be
highly Improper for parents to make
any move toward securing good hus
bands for their daughters and. immod
est for glris to manifest any interest
In the subject themselves.
The conventional theory is that the
matter Is on the knees of the gods and
that In due season husbands will be
provided like manna In the wilderness
for sustenance of the faithful. Unfor
tunately this miracle does not always
wine off for every woman. Tin? supply
of manna gives out. There are not
enough husbands to go around, and
these are unevenly divided. Some wom
en get three or four, while others get
none. But neither the old maids nor
their 'parents realize that the reason
that they did not share in the dispen
sation was their own fault because
they did not put themselves, as old
fashloued Methodists used to say. In an
attitude to receive the blessing. Dor
othy Dix, in Alnslee's.
Maul Syrup.
Maplr syrup which has fermented
and become sour can be freshened by
heat ig to the boiling point and adding
a- kittle soda. Stir thoroughly, theu
sUin.
W L II lid I hl'fi t i
mi
v.h rH&'-V ' '
. -'mi
CONTENTION.
"
-.n.if.-i1'i -i JuJH&cjSr'Jsl 1
Tire,
TOrft o-,7T -:
JF. JfZ0 QF V&CEZVELA
ZUNI INDIAN BASKETS.
Made by Expert Women and Colored
to Suit Intended V.
The Zuni Indians make great use of
baskets, especially in connection with
grinding flour. They commonly employ
ir una purpose colled baskets which
they obtain by trade from the Apache
and Tiute, and value highly. They,
themselves, manufacture wicker bas
kets which are not much esteemed. The
industry is entirely confined to womeu.
They employ an awl of deer bone, and
use some six kinds of willow, which
they make into circular trays and
bowls, tsi-lal. One kind, salt willow, Is
used for baskets to hold paper Bread In
the house, the willow giving It a sail
Havor, and another kind, "smooth"
willow, for baskets to hold bread al
meals; white and yellow willow bas
kets are used for corn meal ; those o)
red Willow na nnlnnlnc .!. 1.
'u'
su ts s.Z L I f k
White wm T w '
ib,?l?.UJet"reP"lnted.w,a
with nail H reu, yeuow or DiacB
rim- , iVe fJeS r n0W dyed w,tl
-. ... uy, tor use in dances. Elthe!
wnite ' Willow, or all the different kindi
or w mow mixed together, are emnloved
for tliis purpose. Sacred baskets, tha
-
li-nal, are used to hold plume stickj
and masks.
The women have a dance In the fall,
tailed Ahyuna, in which they use baa
kets painted with different colors. II
is said that the name Is Pima, and thai
the dance, which Is to secure rain, wai
brought to Zuni not many years ago bj
two old men who visited the Pima with
Mr. Cushlng. An Inverted painted bas
ket, corresponding with the box 01
gourd resonator of the Hopl, Is put
under the notched stick, kl-wl-a-nan-nai,
which is scraped with a stick ai
an aeeoinnnnlmoTit v n.
The Znni .ia J 1
elobulnr hnu-ta p ,.
.... Ul IK ll Ulfl lUiu Hill M 1 J
which they collect locusts used as food
wii. ivuiun in
Panniers to carry peaches, melons, cu
cumbers and other fruit are made oi
red willow.' Twilled baskets of yucca
...... " 1
similar to those seen at other pueblos,
are used to dip up salt from the Sail
W L-
lake. The art of making these bas- kct nt wbleb the eggs are to be dis
kets, which are called ho-tsl-lal. wai Vsed of, says The Outing Magazine.
learned from Aeoma. The Zuni also
make a rectangular twilled tray of the
saiiie material, with an edge of cedar
or oak, which they use to put paper
oreaa on, or to lay long plume sticks
or Image upon at the yellow and blue
corn dances. Swallowing sticks were
formerly placed upon such trays at the ,
stick-swallowing dance.
The Zuni formerly had a number f
old colled globular and jar-slmped bas-
kcis, ine origin of whk'h Is not dell-
nltely known. The pitch-covered
bottles, which they use come from the
Wlilte Mountain Apache or the Xavalo.
Iiuc yifit-iriive la, uue euouiu Keep a va
riety of fowls that lay egga of the pre
. ..lime nine money in a dar than ferred color.
Miciiaei Angeio made In a month." said
a popular illustrator. "I've been studr.
Ine up the wairca thme nM xlmn, I
It Is amazing
Michael Ann.li. ... .in .o '
month while doing the cartoons of th
battle of Pisa, and Leonardo, who help-
ed him, got the same rate. They were
both dockt fr ... J
but there was no overtime allowance.
Oorregglo got for his 'Christ in the Gar
den $7.25. Carracci's 'Resurrection'
only brought the painter $0.50. Albert
Durer for his pen and ink portraits
WAS not llll 111 In rash A h. ..
hundred oysters, a palr'of booto-Durer
would gladly do your portrait on such a
system of remuneration. i
"Rembrandt's top notch price wa
$173. lie got that for his 'Niehl
Watch.'
Velnsques worked chiefly for th
Spanish government He was paid at
the average rate of $33 a picture. Think
of It ! Thirty-five dollars for the 'Roke
by Venus!' "Minneapolis Journal. i
t r
Th nrJ yLrl?" ,
The man who forgets his friends
may be ungrateful The one who for-
gets his enemle. is foollah.-Chicago
Record-Herald.
1
Maklnir Batter on the Fi
There are two prime essentials in
making butter on the farm a profitable
business. In the first place, one must
have plenty of pure, cold water, and
then a good enough grade must be
turned out to make and hold custom
ers. The trouble with nine out of every
ten farm homes is they are not equipped
to take care of milk and cream. When
one goes into this work to make
money, better put up a milk room,
where pure water may be had from
pumping or from a spring. Concrete
floor and walls may now be built as
chenply as with lumber, and it is a
great deal better than lumber. Don't
stop here. A barrel churn and a butter
maker will be necessary in turning out
a uniform product. It looks easy
simply separating the cream, churning
till the butter conies, and salting, and
the trick Is done. That is where so
many fail. The cream must be churned
at the right temperature; It must be
neither too sweet nor too sour. Work
ing and salting butter' to secure uni
form color and flavor Is a very nice art
uy 10 learn to ao it lnrauimy
n two or three weeks, but by all means
don't practice on your customers. That
means loss. It Is better to wait two or
three months before you seek custom
ers. And, before you ship, find out
how your commission man or private
cust0ners prefer to have their butter
put up- Sometimes the package means
a ulfference of two or three cents a
:wuuu-
An Attractive Gateway.
This rustic gateway, which was built
at a small cost, may be worth imitating.
modified, of course, to fit the surround
ings. This one is
. between two cedar
trees, and from it
a winding path
leads to a pretty
rustic cottage.
Such a gate would
be entirely but of
place at the en
trance to a stately
or formal building.
BUSTIC GATE.
The cuts give an
Mea as t0 how the Sate 18 mad- The
two uprIgbts ttM the cross-piece on the
t0P locust All the rest is of
cedar. Parts of the smaller branches
hve been left on the pieces that go to
fill up the gate. A gateway like this
would not prove effective against pigs
u.khio, uut n uuiu lum lUln UU1-
mala. It is not only cheap and dur
able, but decidedly attractive, because
TWO CEDARS STAND GUARD.
80 Perfectly in harmony with its sur-
if - Tl mrxi .
aimer, in rarm and
ti,.nlo
Color nf F'.a-trm m n A mmm
One of the most Dotent factors nor.
uaPs. that should be considered when
. I
selecting a breed for producing eggs
for market is the demand of the mar-
Souie markets, notably New York City
and cities Immediately adjacent, pre-
fer white-shelled eggs, and the best
trfu,e lu these markets will accept none
nuer. uoston prefers brown eggs, and
pay9 h substantial premium for them ;
anct takln Uu country over, the pref-
erenc 19 brown eggs by a large
majority. However, in many markets
1,0 Preference at all is expressed; in
fftct' those '"st meutionel are practie-
y y marnets iu wnien tne
color of tne eS receives attention to
the extent of lnflueHcing prices. Where
tbere is a Preference. and whichever
MeaMnrlnar Land by Weight
The area of any piece of land, no
matter now irregular tne boundary
"nes, may be accurately ascertained by
T . Qt-licate.ba,ance teilmn:
WaKe " "'f 01 X? P'at 0f Bround
n to a given scale, say 4
8,luare rods t0 1 lQch. Cut from some
part of the sheet of pasteboard a piece
exactly 1 Inch square, which repre
sents one acre, or 4 square rods. Also
Ut Ut th! p f We,gh the
Kiun.c a Liu ii.r v111 i ue uumoer or
times the weight of the square is con-
W!f" ,0f ' e,Flat ,ndI"
cates the area of the land. For exam
pie. If the square which represents one
acre weighs 20 grains, and the plat
weighs 240 grains, then the plat con
tains twelve acres. Scientific Ameri
can. The Cars of Weed.
It is for the conservation of moisture
that we keep up the cultlatlon of the
crops in the summer, but the evatora-
tion which can be checked by thU
nieans 18 "u compared wltn
th c -.at.,. , .v.
by an
We can hlirdlr ,7.. t1..
mem of killing the weeds.
1 1
UL
Labor ( too 'Hone.
Some one has figured out that It costs
on the average only one-half as much
to feed a horse as It does to feed a
man; and that the horse will do ten
times the amount of work that It Is
possible for fhe man to do. If this
estimate Is correct, then a dollar's
worth of food given the horse will pro
duce twenty times as much results as
the same amount of money will If ex
pended in feed for a man. Therefore,
when man domesticated the horse be
immensely increased his own power of
securing results. When much farm work
is to be done there should always be
enough horses to do it Farmers try
to economize on the number of horses
and have to leave much work undone.
In the event of hired help being scarce,
it Is sometimes possible to offset this
lack by Increasing the number of horses
kept. In some parts of the West and
Northwest declares the Farmers' Re
view, the scarcity of help has resulted
In more horses being used. Five are
hitched to a double plow, and one driv
er is thus enabled to turn two furrows
at a time and practically double the
work that one man has to do. This is
the result of the complete utilization of
horseflesh.
Guide (or Drag- Sam.
A very simple method by which om
man can manipulate a drag saw to cut
down trees has been devised by a west
ern timber mam In
using these saws
two men b a v e
heretofore been
necessary, one at
each end of ' tha
saw.
According to the
new inventlou,
there Is rested
against a tree a
rod from which Is
ONE-MAN SAW.
suspended a cord.
At the end of the cord is an adjust
able clamp, to which one end of the
saw is secured. At the other end of
the saw is a handle. In operatiug the
saw to cut the tree, the end opposite the
handle Is supported by the cord in the
same position as if operated by hand.
With the employment of this guide ths
necessity of an extra man to manage
one end of the saw is eliminated.
Lo of Fertility by Leaching-.
Laud kept constantly as a garden
loses much of its fertility by leaching.
A clover rotation is the best preventive
of this. There should be at least two
or three garden spots on each farm
kept rich enough so that one year's ex
tra manuring will bring it into the
finest possible condition for garden
truck. If farmers could always plant
gardens on two-year clover sod they
would raise better crops and with less
stable manure and other fertilizers
than they now require. The clover
does much more than, furnish green
I v. . vv a. i mi.ii l in uic BUU. 119
roots reach down into the subsoil, thus
not only saving and bringing to the
surface, plant food that would other
wise be wasted, but also by enlivening
the subsoil, allowing the roots of crops
to go deeper. Clover sod to begin with,
if well enriched, Is best for such crops
as cucumbers and melons, that are al
ways most likely to , suffer from
drought It is quite impossible to make
a good garden crop unless the land has
previously been enriched by a series of
heavy manurlngs. The fertility lost by
leaching must be constantly renewed.
A Feed Combine.
Feedlnir nheon onH
market is very much of a lottery at '
hp Tt to
a HUM 'uuivo vl LUC I
-w. v io iuc UUl UtfflC 111 Llie I HH41HI"
u . . , ' '
lvj uii t l 1 1 1 1 1 niih'k urifi nrrap rnai nn i
from slxt t0 ninety days, return it to
ularket at a Profit. This is the hope
1 1 (if ImnnlM 1. 1 i i ... .
niai unions uuii iu put in nis time and
labor, else he would not do It There
are three important factors that enter
Into the operation. The cost of the
sheep or lambs on the market, the price
or the feed that is to make them fat
and the condition of the market when
they are returned for slaughter. The
first element is a known quantity, but
me ocuuuu iuu iiuru are onen a
chance. They have proved to be very
f a chance this season. . The
original cost of the feeders was the
greatest on record, feed was high and
market conditions have not panned out
as good as generally expected. Drov
ers' Journal.
Idaho Han FlnCa New Wheat.
A new variety of wheat has been dis
covered by a farmer living near Jull
etta, Idaho. He says he found a few
kernels of the wheat growing wild In
Alaska, and being struck with their
plumpness, hardness and other appar- 1
eut goou qualities, ne orougnt borne a
few kernels and planted them. From
those few kernels he harvested enough
the first year to plant several square
rods of ground the second year, the
yield from, this planting being at the
rate of more than 100 bushels per
acre, well-fllled beads; the kernels are
large, plump and bard and millers say
It makes good flour.
To Caavaa Haata.
When bams are smoked, roll them In
stiff paper, cut your brown muslin to
ui mrm nuu new u on Wltn a largo
needle and twine; then make a starch
of flour and yellow ochre, and with a
small whitewash brush cover them with
It Hang them up to dry.
Poaltrr Ketee. ' '
Clean the droppings from under tha
roosts frequently.
Buckwheat is excellent for both
young and old poultry.
A laying hen should har constant
access to lime or gravaL
Grit Is th hen's teeth. Provide her
with plenty of it. so that aha may di
gest her food.
frKE WEEKLY
MSH0R1AH
uyu Mahomet II. besieged Constanti
nople. ,
1578 William Harvey, discoverer of tht
circulation of the blood, born.
1644 Maisonneuve defeated the Iroquois
at the Tlaee d'Armes, Montreal. ,
178o Field Marshal Viscount Hardinge,
an early governor general of India
born in England.
1806 Joseph Bonaparte made "King 0
the Two Sicilies.
1814 Napoleon Bonaparte sent in exila
to island of Elba,
1833 Treasury buildings at Washington
destroyed by fire,
1843 Sir Charles Metcalfe appointed
I
, governor of Canada.
. 1847 Covent Garden theater, London,
opened for Italian opera.
1854 Commercial treaty concluded with
luptia oy vommouore irerry ot tne
United States navy. ' " -
185o Planet Circe discovered by M.
Chacornac. '
1856 Treaty of - Taris, ending th
. Crimean war.
1858 British force under Sir Hugh Rom
defeated the Indian mutineers and
took the city of Jhansi.
1862 Gen. Albert S. Johnston of ths
Confederate army killed at Shilob,
Born 1803. ,v.
18G5 Confederates evacuated Richmond.
' . . . .Federal troops occupied Rich
mond, Va . . . United States transport
General Lyon burned with great loss
of life.
18G0 First national encampment of tht
G. A. R. met at Indianapolis', a.
Spanish fleet bombarded Valparaiso,
Chile. '
18C7 United States bought Alaska from
Russia for $7,200,000.
1868 Uniform postage rate of 3 cents
per fetter adopted throughout Can
ada. 1885 Battleford, in Saskatchewan, be
sieged by Indians.
1891 Baron Fava, Italian minister to
the' United States, recalled.
1898 China leased Wei-IIai-Wei tt
Great Britain.
1902 Large section of Atlantic City de
stroyed by fire.
1905 Explosion in a cartridge factory at
Bridgeport, Conn., resulted in a
number of deaths. . .'.Simplon tunnel
formally opened.
190" Fred A. Busse, Republican, elected
Mayor of Chicago.
Rl3 VET '.( uit,
Board of Education, in his annual report
CS i. t ii . .
T. - A; . a 7 .
uigra mc lurumwon oi a department. -Of.
AAi . t
thinks, should be under the direction W
..1.1 U 1 .1 1. . . I A1
medical man,, who would rank as aa
n r. ..! .i .. 1 . ( i .
so-"-b sutH-riuicuueut, ana wno snouia
nave 8 sufficiel' number of physicians ts
examlDe 811 tuet children in the publi
schools at least once a year, and a suffi
cient number of nurrses to visit th
homes of sick children and to care foi
slight ailments in school. He says thai
New York is the noisiest city in tht
world and that children lack a propel
amount of sleep. Owing to crowded
quarters in the tenements and in som
ot the Pubnc schools as well many chil-
nlfetTAt
fective sight, defective teeth and othei
evils, many of which could be overcome.
The report says that there are 158,466
pupils in the schools over normal age ; is
other words, they are backward in theh
lessons because of physical defects.
The. National Civic Federation hat
made arrangements to send 500 or mon
public school teachers next fall to Eng
land, Scotland, Ireland and the conti
nent to inspect the system of teaching and
school methods generally in foreign coun
tries. This idea wnn
success of a similar expedition of En
usn teacners to tne Lnited States is
1905-6. The teachers who make thi
trip will have an opportunity to exam-
ln at first tan(1 what is being done foi
tunureu auruau, uom in tee commos
schools and in the special, schools. Presr
dent Nicholas Murray Butler of Coluta
bia university has been appointed chair
man of an advisory committee to carrj
the plan through. In this connection II
may be noted that Mr. Butler haa
.k u -i i i .i , .,
cepted the invitation of the University
of Copenhagen to deliver three lecture!
there next September, the subject mattei
of the lectures to be "Some AsDecta f
American virilization. " He wjl nyi
ior uenmarx in August, returning ii
time for the opening of college next fall
Chancellor Dewitt C. Huntington oi
the Nebraska Weslejan university al
Lincoln has tendered his resignation, an J
It was accepted by the board of trustee
with the understanding that Chancelloi
Huntington shall remain until the end of
the school year.
At Chippewa Falls, Wis, Supt Swart
ordered the members of the Greek lettei
fraternity Alpha Delta Omega to disband
the organization or suffer expulsion froa
school. He declared that no secret w
raniiation of pupils would be tolerated
The members promised to heed the war
ing.