BATTLE ROYAL IN THE
OONVENTIDN.
Republican National Gathering
Alone Will Determine Who
Candidate la to Be.
GEEAT 1908 CAMPAIGN NOW ON.
In the Democratic Field, Washing
ton Political Observers Think
Bryan Is a Certainty.
Washington correspondence :
i HIS city will be
the center of the
great political
campaign which
will rage from
California t o
Maine until the
ballots of next
November deter
mine the people's
choice for Presi
dent. From now
on until the suc
cessor of Mr.
Itoosevelt isK cho
sen there will not
be mi Instunt's in
termission in the
din of political battle.
Secretary Taft stands sharply in the
limelight and ills friends are redoub
ling their efforts in his behalf. The
fact that he is the candidate of the ad
ministration Is sure to have the effect
of keeping Washington on the Jump to
watch every move. Senators ForaUer
and Knox and Secretary Cortelyou, also
located In Washington, will help to
keep the political pot furiously boiling
In the capital. New York will get the
height of Its excitement from the fact
that Gov. Hughes seems destined to le
a factor of no small moment In the line
up of the contestants In Chicago. Vice
President Fairbanks and Shaker Can
non, presiding olllcers respectively of
the Senate and House, must inevitably
keep these bodies embroiled In the
stress growing out of their candidacy,
and their home States of Indiana and
Illinois are likely to feel the beat.
Between these men, Tuft, Knox,
Hughes, Foraker, Fairbanks and Can
non, the convention at Chicago Is re
garded an open chance. All are pow
erfully backed, all will push their enm-
4 G7Z
,tm - yiriiwmxi'Hinr'
PHEW! IT'S GETTING HOT.
palgns with that energy for which the
American politician Is famous. For
them will be expended limitless elo
quence, and lu their Interest the quiet
work, which appears little on the sur
fuco, but which means so much In the
final result, will keep forces of trained
men busy from now on until the nomi
nation is made.
For the first time In twenty years
the Republican convention will ace a
real battle. The gathering that nomi
nated Benjamin Harrison In 1888 wa
an open light much similar to the one
that promises for this year. In 1802 the
reniMiilnatlon of Harrison was u fore
gone conclusion ; in 180(1 the movement
tigatnst free silver had fixed on McKin
ley in advance of the convention as the
man to lead the tight; and In 1000 not
shadow of opposition developed
against his roiiom I nation. Similarly
Roosevelt outranked In popularity every
name suggested for tho Republican nom
ination. But this year tho quadrennial
upheaval will be made still mor chaotic
by the sharpness of the Republican bat
tle. Democratic Fight Different.
The Democratic fight is a little dif
ferent. There Is no mixed field with
the hopes even. It Is everybody
against Bryan. In opposition to the
Nebraskan will lie welded all the forces
that contend that his two defeats for
the place eliminate him, but though
Judgo Gray, Gov, Johnson of Minneso
ta, Chauler of New York, and Hoke
Smith have been tentatively mentioned,
' there Is no evidence of any boom pow
erful enough to prevail against the
l PRESIDENTIAL CAM
PAIGNS SINCE 1856.
Good Thing to Cut Out
and Save for Reference.
There have been thirteen campaigns by
the Republican and Democratic parties.
HepublH-au Candidates.
1850 Fremont and Dayton.
181)0 Lincoln and Hamlin.
184 Lincoln and Johnson.
1808 Grant and Colfax.
1872 Grant and Wilson.
1870 Huyes and Wheeler.
1880 Garfield and Arthur.
18.H4 Blaine and Logan.
188.8 Ilarrisun and Morton.
. IS! (2 Harrison and Keid.
lS'.Hl McKinley and Ilobart.
liHtO MeKinley and Itoosevelt.
1!K1 Itoosevelt and Fairbanks.
Democratic Candidate.
18."0 Buchanan and Breckinridge.
18(H) Douglas and Johnson.
1S04 McClellan and Pendleton.
1808 Seymour and Blair.
1872 Greeley and Brown.
1M70 Tilden and Hendricks.
1NSO Hanrock and English.
1S81 Cleveland and Hendricks.
1888 Cleveland and Thurman.
1N92 Cleveland and Stevenson.
189i Bryan and Sewall.
11MX) Bryan and Stevenson.
1!MM I'arker and Davis.
By the northern Democrats and Breck
inridge and Lane by the southern Dem
ocrats. Electoral Vote.
The number of electoral votes received
by the two parties in these contests and
the pluralities are shown here:
Hep. Dem. Plu.
1S5G 114 174 00 D
18(H) 180 72 108 R
1804 212 21 101 R
1.SI1S 214 80 131 R
1872 28l J 03 223 R
1870 185 18 1 1 R
1880 214 155 59 R
1884 182 21!) 37 D
1K8S 233 108 05 R
1,S!I2 271 17(1 132 D
1S1HJ 271 17(1 05 R
1000 202 155 137 R
1D(U 330 140 19(1 R
The electoral vote of the Breckinridge-Lane
ticket of the southern Demo
crats; the Douglas-Johnson ticket of the
northern Democrats received 12.
magnetic Ncbraskan's undoubted
strength In his party.'
Six months of contention must take
place before the two parties place their
standard bearers In the field, the Re
publicans at Chicago, the Democrats
at Denver. Meantime the nation's
business will be swayed and moved by
every new boom, by every straw, by
every Indication. Capital, sensitive
above all things of which man has
knowledge, will rejoice or tremble ns
this man or that seems to gain the
ascendancy, and gigantic projects will
bang lire pending the nominations.
And when the men are in the field,
far from helping the situation, a new
and even worse upheaval will take
place. Frenzied stump speakers will
tramp up and down the country, paint
ing In horrible phrase the terrific ex
periences that confront the nation in
the doleful event of the success of tho
opposition party. IMatforms will be
torn to pieces In tills delirium of ex
hortation; men's lives, alms and char
acters riddled; the constitution of the
country will be both Invoked and con
demned ; the giants of business will on
the one hand be extolled, on the other
savagely condemned.
The campaign will last four months,
and in that time both parties will call
on the biggest guns they have; the star
speakers will be drafted to present the
opposing arguments. As a forensic
struggle the fight is bound to be more
than ordinarily Interesting. Each side
has orators of the first rank, veterans
who understand the art of stirring au
diences. Leading the Republicans may be
Roosevelt himself. For him to speak
In a campaign while holding the office
of Tresldeut would be in violation of
precedent, of course, but the chief apos
tle of the strenuous life has never
bothered much about slavish deference
to custom, and as his policies are like
ly to be under fire throughout the cam
paign it is entirely possible that he
may be wrought up to one of his char
acteristically blunt speeches;
For Democracy Bryan Is bound to bs
the big figure, whether he Is the can
didate or not No man matches him
In the popular kind of eloquence," and
his fine voice, handsome face and mag
netic bearing give him a phenomenal
power to sway audiences. . If Bryan Is
the nominee It Is probable that the
country will be stirred by another
siteechmaklng tour similar to the mem
orable one of 1896.
And after the turmoil has subsided,
and business, collecting its scattered
wits, gets together at the beginning of
1909 to try to make up-the ground lost
In a wasted year there will be new ad
vocates for a bill Introduced into Con
gress recently by the venerable Sena-,
tor Cullom of Illinois, which provides
for an amendment to the constitution
making the term of the President six
years, limiting each Incumbent to one
term, and thus decreasing 50 per cent
the recurrence of the year of polities.
. t
IND TJSTEIES AEE KEVTVTNG.
Workers of All Kinds Are Eeporteo
in Great Demand.
Business throughout the United
States, both commercial and Indus
trial, Is reviving, according to Ter
ence V. Powderly, chief of the divi
sion of information, bureau-of immi
gration. The division of Information
was created by Congress as an agency
to divert Immigration from the larger
cities, and find places forfhe unem
ployed alien. The functions of the
division have been enlarged, Inasmuch
as Chief Powderly Is endeavoring to
provide work for Americans as well
as aliens.
From July 1 last until early In Oc
tober 200,000 requests were made upon
Chief Powderly to supply various
forms of labor for factory, railroad,
farm and industrial enterprises of all
descriptions. About the middle of
October, when the financial disturb
ances became acute, many of these
applications were canceled, corre
spondents stating that Instead of need
ing labor they were putting off men,
and that everything pointed to a pro
longed period of depression.
Recently there has been a renewal
of the demand for labor. Chief Pow-.
derly says that this demand comes
from every section of the country;
that It calls for mechanics, mill oper
atives, factory hands, railroad bulllers,
and farm laborers. From the agricul
tural States have come notice that in
the spring hundreds of thousands of
farm hands will be needed, and that
every effort should be made by the gov
ernment at this time to see to It that
an adequate supply of labor Is provided
In the regions where It will be urgently
required.
"An Investigation has developed,"
said Mr. Powderly, "that, while the
unusually large exodus of foreigners
during the, past few months was the di
rect result of disturbed flnanftST con
ditions, It was not due to the closing
of mills or factories or cessation In the
progress of public works. The great
majority of those who returned to Eu
rope were not turned out of employ
ment. They were alarmed by the out
look and decided to go back. The tide
will begin to turn early In the spring,
and I have no doubt that the increas
ing demand for labor that our reports
Indicate Is at hand will be fully met
by the supply In this country amplified
by an enlarged Immigration."
TEKRORS OF "FRAT" INITIATION.
Sorority Ceremonies Shatter Nerves
of Novitiate and Arouse Mothers.
The nerve racking, even though fancied
terrors of an initiation into a Greek let
ter society of girl students in private and
preparatory schools in New York City
caused a meeting of twenty angry mothers
at the home of Mrs. Elizabeth Moore.
Their first purpose is to break up the
local organization of the Sigma Gamma
Society, and their second is to start a
campaign throughout the country against
secret societies among school girls.
It was the story of Julia Mills, not yet
17, as told by her to her mother, that
caused Mrs. Mills to take the first steps.
Miss Mills, according to her story, was
summoned to appear at tho Moore home.
When Bhe was ushered in she was led Into
a dimly lighted room between two col
umna of black robed, black masked fig
uies. up to the high priestess. -
"This will be a test of your fortitude,
of your fitness to be a sister. You are
ordered to thrust your hand into a small
caldron of molten lead, which you see be
fore you. Ready! Obey orders!"
Miss Mills dashed her hand" Into the
liquid and sank to her knees in fright.
After she recovered her composure in part
she was surprised to note that the caldron
was filled with mercury.
Suddenly the lights went out. Miss
Mills felt the floor give way beneath her
and she felt herself go down, down, aud
then land on the pillows.
The candidate was ordered to grasp the
hand, for which she could only feel. Shud
dering, she involuntarily drew back her
arm when she felt the clammy fingers.
She had grasped a wet chamois skin glove
filled with sand. "
Again she was led forth, this time to
drink a nauseating liquid out of a skull,
which liquid "would serve to make her
of one blood with her other prospective
sisters." ,
Revolting at each gulp, she- was com
pelled to drain the skull. '
TOLD IN A FEW LINES.
In en attempt to rob the Citiiens
National bank at Long View, Texas, Alex
Walker, a negro, was shot by Sheriff Lit
tle and probably fatally wounded.
The new whitehead torpedo developed a
speed of thirty-one and thirty-two knots
In tests off Newport, R. I., of a consign
ment recently purchased abroad.
Senator Jefferson Davis of Arkansas,
said, "I don't believe any man on earth
ever made a million dollars honestly'' In
an address before a mass meeting of the
Progressive Democratic League in Cooper
Union haU. N.i YorV
Putting- Ip Silage.
Many people make the mistake of
cutting corn too green for silage,
writes Dr. G. A. Billings in American
Agriculturist. At this stage there Is
a larger percentage of water, and the
silage when taken out has a large
amount of acid, less starch and sugar
and hence Is less nutritious. Corn
planted in drills with stalks eight to
ten Inches apart will mature a good
proportion of ears.
Harvesting should not begin until
the ears are passing the roasting stage
and begin to glaze. Unless the season
Is exceptionally dry the stalks and
leaves will remain green, but too ma
ture or dry corn Is more liable to
mold. This may be found In spots
around the sides or more generally
over the sllowherever the air has gain
ed access to cause the fungous growth.
This condition may be improved by
tramping the material carefully In the
silo, adding water by sprinkling with
a hose, or if this is not avalable di
rect a stream of water into Jhe blbwer
or elevator sufficient to saturate the
cut fodder. This moisture assists the
material to settle and acts as a seal
to keep out the air.
There should be labor and teams
enough to keep, the cutter running
steadily. Nothing Is gained by cutting
a large amount of corn beforehand,
hauling and piling near the machine
to be handled over again. Aim to har
vest at the least expense a ton. This
will be accomplished "as follows: If
hand cutting Is practiced, cut and hand
directly to the man loading, not throw
ing on the ground in bundles, which
will require an extra handling. Let
each load come to the table of the ma
chine In turn, handling the corn direct
ly to the feeder. If the corn is long
and heavy an extra man Is needed on
the table to assist
Power should be ample and In pro
portion to the size of the cutter. The
blower is replacing the elevator ma
chine, economizing space and largely
doing away with the stopping of an
entire crew to repair the aVvator. If
the corn is heavy and the stalk largo
cutting In half inch to one inch pieces
will have the tendency to partially
shred the stalk, and there will be ho
butts refused by the, animals.
Teh material in the silo should be
kept level and well trampled, especial
ly around the sides of the silo, and It
pays to have sufficient help for this
work. Where considerable silage Is
put up it pays to have a corn harvest-
FILLING THE SILO.
er and binder, which economizes band
I labor. The accompanying- illustration
' shows part of the outfit used at the
j New Jersey experiment station in .fill
ing uie buo lor lau ana winter leea.
The source of power for running the
witter and blower is a gasoline engine.
Avoiding Wa(,
The first great lesson to be learned
Is to avoid waste. Waste has been the
', curse of agriculture. Why pay taxes
on land that is not farmed? Why only
half cultivate the fields and so waste
both land and labor Why waste time
and capital In raising Inferior animals?
Why waste money In buying what
should be raised on the farm? Why
waste energy In trying to do more than
any one man can do right? On many
j farms there Is waste In a thousand
ways, and no wonder that to some
I "farming does not pay." The small
.details must be looked after, and no
farm should be larger than what can
be properly attended to.
Beat Grafting Wax.
The following Is claimed to be the
. best grafting wax, by an old orchard
' 1st who says he has tried a great
' many : To tour pounds of rosin and
one of beeswax add one pint of linseed
oil; put in an Iron pot, beat slowly
' rnft mix ; pour into cold water and pull
lAntll it assumes a light color. Work
I 'nto sticks, and put into a cool place
intll wanted. Some prefer linseed oil
animal fat for grafting wax.
Manure for the Gardes.
Let the barnyard manure for the gar
den be well rotted If it Is desired to cul
tivate it Into the soil early la the
spring; but If coarse, green manure nas
, to be used, scatter broadcast during the
winter, and rake up or mulch part of
!t before plants are set in sprlug. Of
course, this applies to ground that has
teen plowed the past fall. v
Braa for Poultrr.
"Bran Is an excellent food for poul
try in all stages of growth as well as
for laying bens. One great point In
its favor Is Its cheapness. It contains
a lareer nroDortion of lime than any
other food at the price, and lime Is
essential to growth of bone, muscles
end feathers, as well as the formation
of shells for eggs. Lime which Is
found In food for some reason Is much
more easily assimilated than In the
form of oyster shell and the like.
Wbeat-ds a most excellent poultry food,
but the high price prohibits many
from using rT freely. Bran and clo
ver used in connection with oats will
produce as good results. Clover and
alfalfa are rich In lime and should be
had at all times in the green state
when possible and In the form of well
cured hay the rest of the year. Cut
alfalfa and bran may be fed in the
form of a mash. Skim milk is an ideal
thing to moisten it with. Fowls, how
ever, will consume quantities of bran
dry fed from a self-feeder and they
eat alfalfa or clover hay freely from
the stack or manger.
"Bran may be used mixed with the
cut grain n the self-feeder and per
haps this Is the most convenient form
cf all in which to use it
"Some, of the most valuable food
properties contained in the wheat are
left in the bran and its food value for
poultry Is not fully appreciated by
many poultry raisers or we would see
more of them using It in the ration.
If you feed bran, clover and alfalfa
you need on oyster shell and very little
cut bone or lean meat. In fact a flock
will get on and yield lots of eggs wl th
ou any attempt to furnish meat f the
bran and alfalfa is fed." Poultry
Topics.
Overahoe for Homes.
Horses undoubtedly require an over
shoe when the ground Is snowy and
coated with ice as much so as the
average human be
ing. Drivers, al
though anxious to
protect horses from
Injury by falling,
have been unable
to procure practi
cal and satlsfao
t o r y overshoes.
Those made of rub
fa e r prevent the
horse from slip
ping, but they wear
STBAPS ON HOOF.
out so quickly their cost is prohibitive.
In the Illustration Is shown one which
seems well fitted to serve the purpose,
Invented by a Massachusetts man. It
Is made along similar lines to the
"grlpper" chain placed on automobile
ties. The tread is formed of a num
ber of metallic links. When the over
shoe is adjusted pn the foot the links
Intervene between the hoof and the
ground, affording a firm grip. This
overshoe need not necessarily be worn
on the horse all the time, but in case
of sudden freeze can be quickly ad
Justed in position and removed when
desired.
Result of Corn Breeding;...
From numerous experiments made
In Wisconsin there has been developed
a strain of white dent corn which
grows on a very short, thick-set stalk,
and which matures a good-sized ear,
and the ears run remarkably uniform.
The growth centers In the ear rather
than in producing a big stalk at the
expense of a small ear. After four
years of careful, persistent work, there
are numerous corn-fields in Southern
und Central Wisconsin which will
yield 60 to 80 bushels per acre, and
100 bushels have been reported several
times, jiuch results coming from. a
State which a few years ago was con
sidered out of the corn belt demon
strate what corn breeding will accom
plish when carried on along sensible
lines.
Clover and Fodder.
Clover and corn furnish a foddet
ration that can not easily be improved
upon for dairy cows. Two factors
should be taken into account when de
termining the amount of grain to feed.
One is the extent to which clover or
alfalfa Is fed, and the second Is the
production of the cow. The rule with
some is to feed one pound of grain for
every three pounds of milk produced,
When clover or alfalfa. form a large
part of the ration It would seem rea
sonable to suppose that a less quantity
of grain would suffice than the amounts
named.
Cheap Fertllilnff.
Some of the best farms in the East
have been brought to the highest de
gree of fertility by the use of clover,
lime and manure. The farmers who
have - accomplished such results have
aimed to save every pound of manure,
and also to preserve It In . the best
manner. Lime is used extensively by
those who know that lime is an essen
tial Ingredient of plants, and also be
cause It Is excellent for increasing the
clover crop. Clover enriches the land
by promoting the supply of nitrogen In
the soil, hence lime and clover make
an excellent combination.
Wtre-Windlna- Machine.
The frame of this wire-winding ma
chine Is constructed of 2x4 lumber, f
feet by 2 feet 5 Inches. Standards for
MACHC?! TO WEtD WIKS.
holding shaft, 2 feet 10 Inches. Shaft
for holding wire spool, 3 feet S Inches
long with crank. For wheels, swill
c wheels will &v
TKEWEEKLY
1253 The Alhambra, a fanwus Moorish
palace near Granada, founded by
Mohammed I.
1C51 First school opened in New Eng
land for instruction of Indian chd
dren.
1731 First issue of the South Carolina,
Gazette at Charleston.
1750 George Washington married to
Martha Custis.
17G5 Stamp act passed the British Par
liament. 1775 First provincial assembly of South
Carolina met at Charleston. . .
1777 Elizabethtown, N. J.,1 evacuated
by the British.-
1779 Lafayette sailed from Boston to
aid France in her war with Eng
land. 1781 French attack on Jersey. '
1789 First national election hel( hi the
United States.
1791 Vermont adopted the Constitution.
1793 First balloon "ascension in Amer
ica made by Francois BlancharcL
1800 Cape of Good Hope taken by the
English. .. .Public funeral in Lon
don to Lord Nelson.
1809 Congress urged drastic measures
to enforce embargq act,
1811 New Orleans militia called out to
suppress negro insurrection.
1815 British defeated at battle ol New
Orleans. ' '
1810 Safety " lairip, Invented by Sir
Humphrey Davy, first used in coal
mine.
1820 Large part of Savannah, Ga., de
stroyed by fire. ' " .
1840 Henry D. Gilpin of Pennsylvania
became Attorney General of United
States.
1848 Insurrection at Messina. '
1852- i-Laval university at Quebec open
ed. 1853 The Victoria nugget, weighing 23
pounds, sent by Australia as a pres-
" ent to Queeii Victoria.
1801 Jefferson Davis of Mississippi
yspoke in Justification of secession...
Mississippi seceded from the Unioq.
1803 The Alabama sank the United
States steamer Ilatteras.
1867 Movement to impeach President
Johnson began in the House.
1870 Postcards first introduced Into
England.. -
1872 Congress arranged to issue l.cent
postal cards.' ; .:
1874---Statue of the prince consort un
veiled in London by the Prince of
.- Wales.
i lo3 United States Senate passed a
presidential succession bill.
I 1888 Many lives lost in' terrific snow
storm in the Northwest,
1891 International monetary conference
met at Washington.
1893 Last spike driven in Great North
ern extension to the Pacific coast.
Woman First In Egypt.
An Egyptian papyrus over 2,000 yean
old, which has been brought to the Toledo
(Ohio) Museum of Art with other an
tiquities, is found to be of exceptional Im
portance, as it establishes the date of the
reign of a Pharaoh hitherto unknown and
throws light on the condition of woman
In the fourth century, B. C. The name
of the writer who signs this papyrus is
; found on another documenut in Strasburg
j university, which bears a definite date,
: consequently his reference to the Pharaoh
Kahabbasha places the reign of that Pha
raoh in the year 341 B. C. It also con
firms the statement of the Greek historian
Diodorus, of the first century B. C, say
ing that women were more important in
the social scale of Egypt than men and
that they formerly dictated terms in mar
riage. Since Diodorus no evidence had
Heen found substantiating his statement.
New Dlseane of Horse.
A new and destructive disease of horse
new, that is, to this "continent has
been discovered in western Pennsylvania.
i It is epizootic lymphangitis, and the State
veterinary department is taking every pos
sible means to stamp out the disease be
fore it has caused great loss to horse
1 owners throughout the State.
j This disease has been known for a long
time In India, "China, Japan and the
Philippine Islands, and more recently in
South Africa. From South Africa it was
carried, after the. Boer war, to England
and Ireland, where the British Board of:
Agriculture has been combating it active
ly for several years. When or by what
agency it reached Pennsylvania has not
been discovered.
About i0 horses deemed incurable have
been destroyed. The others are in quar
antine. The disease is a dangerous one
and hard t combat.
S access of Paroling Bora.
The Society for the Prevention of
Cruelty to Children at New York re
ports that SO per cent of the 1,497 boys
and girls accused of various offenses and
paroled during 1907 have mended their
ays. ,
Th Failure, of 180T.
. Dun's Agency reports a total of 11,723
commercial failures during 1907, repre- .
renting $197,385,225 of indebtedness de
faulted, as compared with 10.GS2 failures ,
in the preceding year and 119,201,513
liabilities. . j