' t u C 0
Scmf -Weekly Bindon Recorder, xMarch 17, 1914
tho most modern methods of road
construction should bo ofi great ben
efit to us or nny other commuity.
The highway engineer in chnrgo is
acknowledged to be ono of the best
A T
if A "Good Roads" Report
i i By County Surveyor A. N. Gould in The ' Marshf ietd Evening Record
Announcement
highway engineers in the world, and
in this great undertaking I think tho
state is to be congratulated upon the
acquisition of such n mnn.
T I I' M"t'M4HKM"W'4"!'
As Coos, county is soon to vote on
a bond issue, of some $440,000 for the
construction of permanent main roads
throughout the county, it is hiRhly
important that the voters throughout
the county, before the election is
called, Inform themselves ns much ns
posslblo alone these lines, with espec
ial repnrd to what kind of road is to
be constructed, how long it will last
when properly constructed, the cost
of construction and last but not leaBt
the cost of 'maintenance when com
pletcd.
As county surveyor, I nm of course
very much interested in the survey
and construction of permanent roads
and to thoroughly familiarize myself
with' the most modern construction
of permanent roads, I spent a month
in the state- of California inspecting
at close range, their state highways
For the Information of the mem
bers of the Good Roads Association,
and anyone who might bo interested
in th subject, I submit the follow
ing brief report:
To begin with, the state of Call
fornia in 1910 voted a bond issue of
eighteen million dollars for the pur
pose of1 building two trunk lines of
highways practically, the entire
length of the state, with numerous
branch lines and fecdors connecting
up nil capitals of counties and the
main towns, the approximate length
ofvhich is 2800 miles. These bonds
were to benr four percent , interest
and must not be sold below par.
Thc Hon. Frank H. ' Gould, sur
veyor general of California and Ne
vada obtoined for mo n letter of in-
. troduction from Governor Johnson
to the highway commission, and I
nm idebtcd to the highway engineer,
A. R. Fletcher, for most of my infor-
' mation.
For a large portion of tho roads
the commission has adopted a pave
ment consisting of Portland ce
ment concrete bnso of a minimum
thickness of 4 inches nnd ' 15 feet
wide with shoulders at least 3 feet
wide on each side of tho. concrete.
The cdndrete base fs covered with a
thin coating of asphaltic oil of spec
ial .quality and " stone screenings,
forming- a bituminous carpet from
s three-eights to one-half inch in
'thickness to serve ns a wearing sur
face to protect ' the 'concrete. In
' places where conditions warrant, the
thickness of tho slab is slightly in
creased, and where tho traffic is ex-
tremoly heavy tho width is increased,
in somo localities to as wide as 24
feet. Tho . concrete is 'composed of
one part cement, two and one-half
parts fino nggrcgate nnd 5 pnrts
coarso nggrcgate, a cubic yard of
concrete containing 04 pounds of
cemont. After tlio( concrcto is thor
ougly dry is sprayed with a heavy
asphaltic oil at the rate of from one
fourth to b.ic-half gallon per square
yard, tho oij.to.bo applied by a
power snraV' at a temperature of
about 250 degrees farenheit. Upon
this stone screenings are spread un
til all the oil is absorbed, and left
until thoroughly set before traffic is
admitted.
The cost per mile of this class
of construction based .upon 100 miles
under contract is $7,G00, ns follows:
Grading, culverts, etc., per mile
$1,300.00, equals 17.1 perc.
Four inch concrete baso per mile,
$5,860.00, 77.1 perc.
Three-eights inch bituminous
wearing surface, per mile, $440.09
8.8 perc.
This is equivalent to $0- per cubic
ynrd of concrete for tho baso nnd 5
cents per square yard for tho wear
ing surface. Taking, this us a basis
and supposing wo were to build our
ronds 9 feet wido and 5 inches thick
with tho same wearing surface, tho
cost oft our rond would bo as follows:
Fivo inch concrete bnso 9 feet wide
per mile, $4,400. inch wearing
surface at 5 cents per square yard,
$204, making n total of $-1.(11? pur mile
Mr. Fletcher gives tho Ufa of this
kind of wearing surface ns
about two years. As our traffic will
not lm nearly half as great as tho
traffic in California, it would be safe
to say it would Inst at least three
years, without renewal. It would
therefore coKt $88 per year per milu
to renew entirely this wearing sur
face. However wo can expect to
build concrete rnuiU hero ns cheap
uh tliuy ran In California, hut annum
lug (hut it cojU uh 20 per rent more
which ought to Ih n unfit margin, the
font f (jut rnnrrt'U) Iwsti would !u
f5,2K() por milt) or " dollar per
fool, uiul Om mli weiiriiiK
HUrfliW Wllllld t'llkt f.'UU.W), llluktMff
lolul of irut'lrully f,wj per nitlu
for U ft lllt'll I'UM) t fiU'l Wjlltf Willi h
put) If ifiU mfm liyuliJ inbuilt)
renewal every three years, it would
cost $105!G0 per mile. Not very
steep for keeping a road in condition
so you can drive over it nny day in
the year. At this rate it would
cost $1,050 to keep the road between
Coquille and Myrtle Point ui good
condition for a year, while under ou
present system it cdsts thousands of
dollars, nnd the road is never in good
condition, nnd is practically timpaus
nblo durincr the winter months. Even
if the cost of maintenance was sev
oral times this amount it would stil
be n paying proposition.
Practically nil of the counties
throughout the state havo agreed to
furnish all necessary right of way
through their respective districts free
of charge and to build all bridges
over 20 feet in span. Thej-ight of way
In almost all cases has a minimum
width of GO feet nnd graded to a
minimum width of 21 on nil roads
except in mountainous country, where
n minimum width of 1G feet is al
lowed. A maximum grade of 7 per
cent is allowed for the mountain
roads, but this is allowed only in very
mountainous localities. The crown
of the concrete roadway is very flat,
not being more than 2 inches.
As n rule the people, town and
corporations of the state 'have been
very libcrnl with the commission. The
farmers along the line have donated
land for right of way, local banks
have bought up large, amounts of
bonds, companies nro furnishing 'ce
ment, sandstone, etc,, at bedrock
prices; the railroad companies' of the
stato havo entered into nn agreement
with the commission to haul all ma
terial used for construction at prac
tically 50 per cent of the, standard
rates. This means a saving of un
told thousands of dollars to the
commission. Following arc the rates
agreed upon for hauling nil material
including contractors equipment.
Stone, gravel and .-and one-half
cent per ton per mile, with a SG per
car minimum, exclusive if mountain
hnuls.
Road oil and bituminous rock "Ji
cents per ton per mile; minimum
$10 car. i
Asphalt, 1 cent per ton per mile,
whether in tank, car or packages;
minimum $10 per car. All other
commodities', (a) The lowest of any
commercial rate, or (b) one-half of
any class rate; minimum $10 per car.
The commission has a contract
with one of the largest crushed rock
concerns to supply one-half million
tons of crushed rock at 45 cents per
ton. They also have a contract with
various gravel concerns to supply the
same at 27'c per ton.
The commission has set a good
precedent by standing between the
small contractor and tho powerful
paving concerns who assume to do
business uder the so-called patent
rights, and announced in no uncer
tain otrms its intention of defending
any and all suits for infringment of
said so-called patent rights.
We in Oregon hear and read a
great deal of the criticism of the type
of construction ndopted by tho cpm
mission, and upon investigation I
havo found thnt a great deal of this
criticism originates from large pav
ing contracting firms, who clnim that
the commission should use from Vt
to 2 iches of sheet asphalt for n wear
ing surface, or something equival
ent. Now, practically all of such fin
ishings nro covered by' patent, so
that the cost is absolulcty prohibit
ive. Again you will bo told that 4
inches of concrcto is absolutely in
sufficient to carry heavy traffic.
I personally examined, about 200
miles of tho highway and failed to
find one single instanco where tho 4
inch concrcto base had failed. I find
that tho pavement is cracked across
tho road about every 30 feet duo to
contraction, but this would have oc
curred had tho pavement been a foot
thick. Just ns soon ns theso cracks
oppenr they are filled with a bitumin
ous material, nnd nfter tho wearing
surface is npplled theso cracks can
not be found on tho surfaco even by
n close Inspection, nnd tho roadway
is left perfectly smooth, while if ex
pansion joints had been used there
would bo n rough placo left, which
would make more or less of a Jar in
riding over it.
I found vevorul places where the
concrcto Hint had not received the
wt'uring MJrfnrc, when it liud heroine
pitied to 1'onnlileriiblo itxtent. I um
found pliirt't vhuro tho wonting mir
fiiro wiim HukliiK oir of rli rnmrflo.
I look IliU jiiultr up wild Hie t'UKl
tii'or wml liii (old nut (lint (luy hud
(il h Imii) Jolt, jIuii to wi unfaithful
ii'mtiur wild MiitkllH ln)u'!f"r
l U mJtuf, Mini Uii liu lMillf u
proper' time had elapsed
To test tho strength of the 4 inch
concrete base, a test was made on a
portion of tho highway near Fres
no, when the concrete was 35 day;
old and before any wearing surface
was applied. Before tho test was
made the earth was removed under
the concrete for a width of 2 feet
and a distanco of 4 feet, from the
edge back. The test was' made with
a ten ton roller in which 1-3 of the
load is on each rear wheel, the
wheels being 20 inches wido. In the
first test the roller was run along
the concrete, its rear wheel passing
over the unsupported concrete 12 in
ches clear of the edge of the pave
mcnt. The second test was the same
as tho first except that the wheel was
G inches from the edge of the pave
ment. The third tho roller was stop
ped and started with the rear wheel
on the unsupported concrete 0 inches
from the edge of the pavement. There
was no noticeable effect on, tho con
crete in any of the tests
In the fourth test tho wheel was
passed over the unsupported concrcto
with its side even with tho edge of
the. .pavement, and in the fifth it was
mado to pass over a block of wood
2x4x8 inches laid flatwise 12 inches
from tho edge of tho pavement and
lengthwise with tho road. A slight
deflection was noticed in tho fourth
and fifth tests as tho roller passed
over tho opening, but the concrcto
regained its originnl position immc
diatcly after tho passing of the rol
ler. Assuming the weight on tho
block of wood was 3 1-3 tons, (pro
bably about 4 tons as the roller was
loaded with water and wood) the
load in the fifth test was equivalent
to 1,GGG tons per inch of width of
bearing, which would be the same
:is a wagon with 4 wheels with 4
inch tires, carrying a load of 13 tons
equally distributed over the four
wheels. The heaviest load likely to
pass over the road is a 20 ton trac
tion engine. Assuming that the
two rear wheels carry 2-3 of the
weight, each wheel would carry 13,-
300 pounds, and if the wheels nre"
only 24 inches wide, tho weight per
inch of bearing surface would be 550
pounds per inch. Thus the weight
used in the test was more than three
times ns great per inch of width of
tiro as the heaviest load likely to pass
over it. As a final test tho block of
wood was moved within G inches of
the edge of the pavement, so that
where the steam roller ran up on it it
ovrehung tho edge of tho pavement
about 2 inches'. In this position tho
combined weight and the shock due
to running the roller on to the block
crncked the- pnvemcnt.
A largo portion of the highway
has not been covered with the wear-
ng surface yet, but tho engineer told
mo that the commission was at the
preset time contemplating the pur
chase of four spraying plants, with
the intention of applying the wear
ing surface themselves instead of by
contract, as has been dono in the
past, claiming that they could do it
cheaper and bo absolutely sure of a
good job, as this is a very particular
operation. Theso plants will cost
about $20,000 apiece, but they are
something that the commission will
have to havo anyway to maintain the
wearing surface ufter tho roads arc
built.
The life of tho wearing surface is
not at all certain, but depends upon
the manner in which it is applied and
the quality of the oil. I saw one por
tion thnt .was flaking off already af
ter a use of less than a year, but por
tions thnt havo been in uso nearly a
year nnd from close inspection,
seem to bo just ns good as when ap
plied when the road was completed.
Portions of tho highway havo been
subjected to tho most severe cli
matic conditions that havo occurred
in California in half n century, boing
twice inundated by flood waters dur
ing tho present winter, and as far as
ono enn see appear to bo in tho samo
condition as before, with tho excep
tion thnt in some places tho earth
shoulders havo been washed away,
leaving the edges of tho concrete ex
posed and unsupported.
Tho commission has established a
luhoiutory for testing nil materials
that go to make thu rond, anil nny
material that doe not mine up to
their ntundurd In rejected.
Ill coiicIumIoii wUh to nay thnt I
took great palim to Inqulro into am)
uxiiiiilnliig nti nil of tho I'luinonUV
loiikiriii'tloii, mid upwvd nivMilf no
MKti)iui in uxmiiinliiK thu IHfi'ii'iii
portion of thu rond. mid my Judg
ment In tliut wm Mould muU 1)0 Ml'
(uhu In dujljng u iJinllur (yjiu uf
mmiumwu w m um hhm4 u
The Sent of Authority.
It is nn unwritten law on shlnbonrd
nnd especially on tiion-or-wnr that the
quarterdeck Is for the exclusive use of
officers, nnd all good spanieii romem
ier it in spite of their ambitions. It
oitcc happened thnt nn ancient mari
ner, a "live Ktrlper." while on shore
leave captured a mule. Not without
difficulty, he mounted the animal and
perched himself ns near the tnll n h pos
sible. Tlie nuilo objected In every way
rEitcitisn iiimhei.p as nuaii this taii. as
VOSHIllLH.
known to n mule nnd In ways several
and unexpected.
"Jack, sit more amidships,-" called
out an engineer officer who happened
past. "ou'll rule easier."
'Captain." grinned the old salt, "this
br the Mist craft I ever commanded.
and It's u pity If 1 can't stay on tho
pinrtenleck."
A Telephone Opiate.
The elder'H wife was seriously III.
and the doctor advised rest and quiet
nut the lady was very devoted to
church work nnd worried herself Into
hysteria because she could not attend
services and hear her favorite pastor
pt-eiieh.
"She must not leave the house,"
warned I ho doctor, "Imt you can easily
nrraiiKC to have her hear tho sermon
by telephone."
The elder grasped tho suggestion nnd
mndoitlip necessary arrangements for
transmitting the sermon into his wife's
room.
At noon oji the Knhbath the doctor
called and asked, "flow did It work?"
Fine," declared the older nibbing
his hands gleefully. "Ten minutes nft
er the sermon began she fell sound
asleep." Philadelphia Ledger.
An Extraordinary Projectile.
A child's Htruggles with the Intricate
facts of history are sometimes nlmost
as serious a matter to him as tho bat
ties of which he rends. The results,
hovoever. are not always without hu
mor, as n story In Hverybody s Mngn-
7.1n'e shows.
A small boy handed In the following
In nn examination paper In United
States history:
(ienenil Hraddocl; was killed In the
Itevoliitlonury war lie hnd threo
horses shot under him. nnd a fourth
went through bis clothes."
Moss Brend.
A kind of Wend Is made along the
Columbia river by the Indians from a
moss that grows on the spruce nr tree.
fills moss is prepared by placing it In
heaps, sprinkling It with water and
nennlttlng It to ferment Then It Is
rolled Into balls as big as a man's
head, and these are baked In pits.
Dangerous.
I nm thinking of louring In South
Afrlcn next season." remarked the co
median
Take my advice and don't" replied
the villain "An ostrich egg weighs
from two to three pounds." -London
Tlt-Ults.
caets For Millionaires,
iiiiiion In 1 1 rent Hrltaln Is a mil
lion of millions. I.OOO.fKMl.OOO.OOO in
France nnd the United Statin a billion
Is n thousand millions. 1.000.000.000 -
Boston Clone.
I desire to inform the
public that I have purchas
ed the Hill Studio and have
remodeled the same and am
prepared to do first class '
work in photography. '
Postal card work, Ko
dak finishing and fancy
work of all kinds.
L. I. Wheeler
THE SELF MADE MAN
began by saving. However small
that savig was, it icrcased and mul
tiplied by added savings and interest.
The young man of today can do tho
same, and thio bank o I Tors the best
facilities.
THE BANK OF BLA.NDON
He Wat the Goat.
Tho first time William Itaudolph
ITearst ever made n public speech was
hen ho was nominated for congress
In New York some years ago.
He was nervous about It nnd spoke
to Timothy D- Sullivan.
'.Sullivan." ho said, "that convention
of yours Is going to nnininato me for
congress, anrt I suppose I'vo got to
mnkV n speech to tho delegates. I nev
... . it..
cr nindo a public speccn in mjr ui".
I'm nervxiiK. What snail 1 do'
It's slinplo enough," Ktilllvnn nv
The Hi ng to do In to pllll out
man In Hid crowd nnd talk to him
ns If you Avniild talk to lilm If ho
alnno with yoiTln n room pen'i
mnn nnd uiAKo yonr Hpeoni i
und foicet Hint tUfl" U i win
... ii... ...... 1
II HI Mill llliiril I'
HiiIIIviiii wiim eiirlmii in mw how
leiii! would miiko out niwl unit one
of hl men down to tviilidi lh pro wd
Jiium mid relent Tl ' '"" ,M"'
llovvdM IfiwM dorHiillliMli
'Mill," wild III HH. "lie iwl iiu
idful tolu Hi' U1M ll Hit' liuun In
nw jiinij Iti iW mwnti Mftd imi Mtw
hi iiiuii uiui uuiuu Hint litfl Um bull.
nd
piled
ono
lINt
WIIM
ono
din
"PENSULAR"
Stands for Reliability. When you
buy any of the Pensular Remedies
you are sure of getting the best.
If You Have a Cold Use
Pensular Childrens Couh Syrup
Pensular Cherry Coujrh Syrup
Pensular White Pine & Spruce Balsam
Pensular Laxative Cold Breaker
To Remove Tan
and keep the skin smooth there js nothing like Pen
sular Cucumher and Almond Cream and Pensular
Buttermilk Cerate.
Can Be Bought At
The Bandon Drug Company
"The Pensular Store" Only
1
We want you
For our cuBtomer not just today, but tomor
row and for all time to come, if
Right Goods
Right Prices
Courteous Treatment
and prompt delivery
is what you want
WE HAVE YOU
SPARK'S mm
uitim fjMut tm imbm M'i 1
1
S)!mm y Aw) vMpvfkm to