Serious Injury
to Alfalfa Crop
HEN COMFORT IS
SELL CORN HIGH
MOST PROFITABLE
TO DAIRY COWS
Bacterial Wilt and Winter
Injury Discussed in
New Circular.
Poultry Notes
+
S
Along the Concrete
(P rep ared by th e V nlted s t a t e s D ep a rtm en t
of A g rlcu ltu ro .)
When the rough days of autumn
Bacterial wilt and winter Injury
It Is unusual for a farmer to get
and winter arrive, the hens begin to S4.4C a bushel for his corn in North have caused, iu recent years, serious
hunt about for comfort and protection Carolina but there is a way to do it , injury to
many --------
alfalfa -- grow
... alfalfa in
— -----•
from winter winds and snow. If the and Tom Morrow of Iredell county ing sections of the country. The two
poultry house is cold, dark, and unin­ ! has learned the method. Grind it into I Injuries are definitely distinct, and
viting,
to the meal and feed the meal along with ! either uiuy otcur without the other,
----- -- it is very - unprofitable
-
owner. It not only shortens up the other holne.growI1 grain8 t0 dairy eat. although winter injury frequently
egg supply, but next spring the hens Ue
rise to conduiong which make
go to work with a handicap because
‘It takes good cows on a good pas­ for the more rapid mid destructive de­
they have been poorly wintered.
ture to pay such returns but the rec­ velopment of bacterial wilt.
If we give the hens one-half the at­ ords kept on Sir. Morrow's herd by
F. K. Jones and J. L. Weimer of the
tention that we do our other stock i the tester of the Iredell Cowtesting bureau of plant industry are authors
they sturt making tilings count, rays association show this to be a fact,” of Circular 39-C, Bacterial Wilt uud
a writer In an exchange. Our poul­ says John A. Arey, dairy extension Winter Injury of Alfalfa, just ofT the
try house is built for economy and specialist ut the North Carolina Suite press and available for free distribu­
comfort for the hens. We are gtrong college. “An individual record is kept tion by the United States Department
believers in the scratching depart­ of every cow iu Mr. Morrow's herd. of Agriculture, Washington.
ment, making the hen work a lo t To During Slay, the eleven cows compos
Bacterial wilt may cause the plant
do this we have all the floor space In
tWg
,uced 3113 pounds to wilt during hot weather of spring
th* building arranged for bad days, of6but,erfat whlch goid for 40 cents or summer, and under this condition
lin k
la
lix x n tkix xv r n i l l g f
P A P lT 111.
__
___
. •
,
.
1 __
for S that
is ««’
when
they must U work
in­ a pound and brought iu $130,75.
The the plants die immediately, resembling
side. We put up a gunny-sack cur­ skim milk left on the farm after the plants whose roots have been severed
tain In front of the perches, which cream was sold had a feed value of by gophers.
More frequently the
serves for two purposes. It keeps the $29.57, making the total income amount plants shew a characteristic dwarfed
hens w arn when on the perches at to $100.32."
condition with folluge pale green or
night, and keeps them oft the perches
Mr. Are.v states that these eleven yellow. After each successive cutting
In the daytime.
cows were fed 2.209 pounds of a home­ the new stems are shorter and even
Then we partition off the inside
grown grain mixture made by mixing tually tlie plant dies. The Injury Is
with this cheap burlap which breaks together 200 pounds of corn meal, 100 due to bacteria entering the under­
posslbie
possible drafts, ami
and also divides the - —
’ 1W ground parts of the plant, causing
flock in their work for the day. Me , pounds
»
h id . was
of „„«...„a
crushed „„t.
oats, - whicli
was alterations which may be observed
also open the windows, and drop down
valued at $40 a ton cr $52.19 for the readily in the roots.
a burlap curtuin on bad days to keep amount fed. The animals also con­
Winter injury is tnost evident in the
out cold air, storms and beating
taproot, and is characterized by par­
sumed
oat
straw
valued
at
$0.80
and
winds. This burlap is almost indis­
tial destruction of the root and crown
pensable In our poultry equipment, were grazed on a grass and clover bark and a hollowing and decay of the
pasture
for
whicli
a
charge
of
$2
per
and we use much of it. Our front
head was made. The total feed hill roots. The destruction of the root
curtain to the main building Is madp
was
ttius $80.99, leaving a net Income hark affords easy access for tlie wilt
from it, tacked upon frames so it can
bacteria. Winter injury results from
of $79.33,
be raised or lowered as needed.
the killing of buds and parts of the
On
this
basis,
states
Mr.
Arey,
the
On snowy, rough days the hens
crown and roots by severe cold.
cows
paid
$9.21
each
for
their
pas­
work happily away, more contented
“Tlie most important method of con­
than if outside. It has always been ture. The cows consumed 23.0 bush­ trolling tlie wilt disease," say tlie au
els
of
corn
in
the
form
of
meal
and
our custom to set up a windbreak of
tliors. “is probably the prevention of
cornstalks against the lee sides of the allowing all charges for the feed­ tlie conveyance of bacteria by water
fences and the west and north of the stuff», the animals paid $4.40 a bushel from old diseased plants to youn
houses, and It is wonderful how the for the corn. This does not take into fields, especially In tlie spring when
hens will take refuge behind this fod­ account the manure left on the place. many plants have wounds. Care
Therefore, states Mr. Arey, tlie man should be taken to avoid carrying the
der barrage many winter days when
who has cows above the average, a bacteria to new fields in fragments of
the snow is off.
__ _______________
good pasture and will grow his hay stems of diseased plants, with un
.
T
vir-ll
nud grain mixtures at home cun make cleaned seed, or with manure. If the
Consistent l.tlV IT W 111
money selling cream. The dairy cow. disease is present in a field, its dis
Molt Late in Season In his opinion, is one of the very best trltiution by the knives of the mower
,
,
markets for the surplus feedstuff's pro- can probably be avoided to some ex
Most hens stop laying when they I duced on the average farm.
tent by mowing when the plants are
begin to molt.' It Is a fact no longer
free from surface moisture.”
disputed that a hen, iu order to make
Tlie use of hardy varieties of al­
a high yearly record, must he a con- { J s e C a r t o n s f o r B u t t e r
sistent la er. Th, early molting lien
R p a q n n q falfa resistant to winter Injury does
Is not a consistent layer. She takes
IOT banitary reasons not always prevent damage by bac­
all the fall months as a vacation for
The increased use of cartons for terial wilt, hut the authors believe it
changing her plumage. The consls'ent sanitary reasons In packing butter for nuiy reduce loss from this cause.
layer molts late and grows her new retuil sale is considered advisable by
health oilicials In 100 of 117 cities, Moldy Silage Caused by
plumage rapidly.
The hen that under normal condi­ according to a special survey being
the Condition of Com
tions molts curly, will not lay as many made by the bureau of agricultural
winter eggs as the hen that molts economics, United States Department
Condition of the corn nt ensiling
late. Neither will she begin egg pro- | of Agriculture.
time un,I not poor packing Is the cause
d ictlon earlier in ihe spring. No deft- , These officials declared that curtons of moldy anil inferior quality silage
nite dute can be set as to early molt­ lessen the llklihood of contamination according to recent experiments con
ing. As a general rule, however, ttie both in the home and in the retail ducted by the Wisconsin Agricultural
first hens '11 the flock tv molt should store, and ure a means of checking Experiment station. To eliminate
he sold, and the last to molt should ; the absorption of undesirable odors.
moldy silage, corn should he ensiled
The department's Inquiry Is part of shortly after It is dented.
be kept for breeding purposes.
Hens may he thrown Into an early a general survey dealing with the mer­
Corn that Is over-ripe, wilted or
molt by starving while laying heavily J chandising of farm products by co­ frozen when put Into the silo carries
operative
marketing
organizations.
Va­
by irregular feeding; by roosting in a
large amounts of air. Several days
house that is poorly ventilated; or in rious merchandising methods are being elupse before the oxygen Is exhausted
liny way that tends suddenly to check studied with a view to emphasizing In tlie silage process and It Is during
egg production. Molt from any of practices in the interests of both pro­ this period that molds make rapid
these causes should be avoided, as It ducers and consumers.
growth.
Is likely to result In a lower total egg
In testing out their theories, the men
production. If the pullets are batched |
..
Q V im
working on the problem buried three
early, they will be laying In the fall | D a i l y F O rtlO H 01 b K im
empty crates In silage nt varying
and thus the egg production kept up
Milk for Young Calves depths at tlie time the silo was filled.
at all seasons.
Tlie young calf usually will take In late winter or spring, when the
about six to ten pounds of skim milk crates were dag out ns the silage was
.:+4.+i.+4.+->4-+++<‘*4++++++++++ dally, which I? Increased gradually to fed, no signs of spoilage were found
! sixteen to twenty pounds by the time around tlie crates.
the calf Is four months old. In addi-
i tion, a little g ain and some good al­ Millet Hay Too Low in
Teach the chick« to roost, as aoou falfa or other legume liny is provided.
Protein for Cow Feed
During tills time, cleanliness of fe.d
as they are old enough to learn.
5 and surroundings are of great Impor-
Millet buy Is too low In protein o n
• •
Man must keep chickens free from I tance. If it is possible to have ea< h tent to make good feed for cows on
lice and uiites because the chickens 1 calf tied separately, the amount of less supplemented with high protein
' feed can be regulated better and tlie feeds. Hence, millet hay does not
can't.
! feeder can watch tlie condition of each give good nourishment to cows when
• • •
Good feeding is important so as to calf more easily. The most practical fed alone, and this may cause several
plan is to provide a row of simp e kinds of troubles In a herd. Millet
maintain the resisting power of tlie I stanchions
in which the calves m y bay. when cut at proper stage of ma
fowls.
I he held at feeding time. At all nth r turlty. Is a fairly good bay If supple
• • •
Good ventilation is very e . ential. If times they should be left free to run inented. but If allowed to ripen seed
the threshed straw lias little value as
oil openings are closed the house Will In their pen or lot.
feed for cows, though It may he used
become damp and the air vltiuted.
In a maintenance ration for horses.
• • •
j aaaaaaaaaaaaat*»»»>•»>♦
For good quality of seed It should lie
Heavy egg production, like heavy
allowed to stand until about fully
1 iik production, can only be secured
rl|ie. but the straw does not have any
by liberal feeding of a well balanced
high vulue for feed.
ration.
• • •
During the summer months tlie col
A much larger percentage of dairy
ony house should be sprayed at reg
farms could use silage economically In
ulâr i f vais. A satisfactory spruj their plan of feeding dairy cattle.
can he made of three pi. ts of kero
• • •
«eue and one part of crude ca .o llc.
Poor producing cows should I* ell i-
Next to milk, meat scraps or tank
Coal or tar dlsiufectanis are also sat
Inated from the dairy herd by careful age ure the most aceesaihle and ef­
lsfuvtory.
culling. The best method of doing ficient source of animal protein.
• • •
• • •
Sodium fluoride, used at the rate of tills Is to Join a cow testing ussocl.i-
Hog men who do not raise alfalfa
an ounce to a gallon of water, 1* tion.
• • •
for summer, as well as for winter use.
recommended by specialists for de
stroying
Poor,
gaunt,
12 parasite*.
DflrUMirK. This
•Hl’ should l>e used
..... O emaciated, hungry,
-
II a . an a are not living up to their opportuni-
w inn day a* « dip. and the or
profitably.
no never
matter produce
how well
hr« d tler.
tlclputlng
cows
largely
. . .
birds should he completely Immersed they may he or how well they aie
cared for otherwise.
In order to Insure a good lamb cro,
in the solution.
• • •
• • •
the ewes should he turned on fresh
Cream Is a highly perishable prod­ (mature a few weeks liefore breeding,
Hens should be as well fed when
molting as when laying. Growing uct.. I.ike other similar product» It and should he given a little grain.
• • •
is best when fresh und should there­
their new feathers Is. If anything
Sunshine Is one of tlie best didn
harder on them than producing eggs. fore be marketed as early as possible.
Age will deteriorate cream under any fectants. Be sure all live stock Is
• • •
getting plenty of tills free natures
Preventing the parasites by keeping condition.
• • •
ionic, especially tlie yvui.g growing
the poultry house clean and by the
There are many cases ot depraved animals.
regular rse of dips is much more
• • •
satlsfactor. than eradicating them appetites In cows that are called
Many people do a lot of figuring
once they have Infested the flock. To “bone chewers" on some of our ranges
in this country similar to such as re­ lo show the Increased profit that
control mites, the
m e roosts
room . . and
. . » nests m inis c um r
wi,»re In
■hnnia he painted with carbolineum ported from South Africa, where, in would come by breeding birds fbai
or some equally effective wood pre certain regions, there Is a phosphorus are heavier producers but the, fall
^ r v X . X t r e o t m e n t each year I. deficiency In the aol. and therefore, io make any add.tlotal charge for
usually sufficient.
| 1»
V » « «">"■ on this soil.
feed.
£
OUR COMIC SECTION
Dairy Hints
I Agricultural Squibs |
FINNEY OF THE FORCE
A Solution