LlhDBERG FtlES
ACROSS ATLANTIC
MAJ. G FN. JADW IN
SHERIFF IS KILLED
IN LIQUOR BATTLE
J
^ A D M IR A L BULLARD
* X
C la rk Connty O fficer S la in in
Gun Fight W ith Alleged
M oonshiners-
D arin g Young A m erican Pilot
W ins N ew Y o rk -to -P a ris
Flight.
Vancouver, W ash.—L ester M. Wood,
P aris. — Captain C harles A. Lind
sheriff of Clark county, was shot and
bergh. th e young American aviator,
I killed Bunday afternoon In a gun b a t
who hopped off from New York all
tle with alleged m oonshiners In a
alone In his monoplane, arrived In
> densely wooded region in th e Dole
P aris, safe and sound.
' valley. 25 m iles n o rth east of V an
The sandy haired son of the middle
couver.
went dropped down out of the d ark
“T ed” Baker, declared to have been
ness at Le Bourget flying field, a few
| seen n ear th e place of the shooting,
m iles from Paris, only 33 H hours after
was arrested here by V ancouver po
leaving Long Island—the first man In
histo ry t"> go from New York to P aris
lice.
A posse which had been h astily as-
w ithout “changing cars."
■ sem bled upon news of the m urder of
" It w asn't such a had trip ,” he said
Wood, surrounded “the old Erion farm
a t the American em bassy. "1 ran into
place," about a mile from the scene of
»jm e snow and Ice in the early p art;
th e shooting, and arrested Ellis Baker,
th e rest wasn’t so bad
fath er of Ted, and E llis’ two brothers,
"T he biggest trouble was staying
L u th er and Edwin and L ester H u n t
aw ake 1 went to sleep several tim es,
Admiral W illia m H. G. Bullard, who
The four surrendered w ithout
but was lucky enough to wake myself
MaJ. Gen. Edgar Jadwin, chief of ing.
it ohairman of the federal radio com
rig h t away. I was afraid of the san d United States arm y engineers, who i resistance, but the possem en said
mission.
man all of the tim e.”
directed the efforts of engineers to i th eir prisoners had been arm ed.
Computing th e distance as 3800 control the Mississippi flood.
S heriff Wood and Deputy Johnson
miles, his speed averaged around 113
were advancing along a tra il In th e
[ vicinity of w here a lookout waa en
m iles an hour.
countered by the deputies e a rlie r in
A crowd of at least 25.000 surround 16460124
the day when w ithout w arning a shot
•d his plane, tho "S pirit of St. Louis,"
rang out fijom the brush and the
When It came to earth after Its epochal
sheriff fell m ortally wounded. D eputy
voyage from the new world to the old.
Spokane, W ash. — A dditional funds
Johnson said he fired several shots In
The airm an was lifted from the seat,
w here for two days and a night he sat
th e direction of where the shots came for continuation ot Investigations In
8aiera, Or. — D uring the p ast 14
connection w ith the Colum bia basin
from and then retreated .
fixed, guiding his plane over land and
years, dating from 1913, Oregon has
sea, and for 40 m inutes he was h a rd
S heriff Wood, who was elected last Irrigation project should be asked of
expended approxim ately (100,000,000
ly able to talk or do anything else,
fall th e first tim e he had ever taken congress a t the next session, Dr. El
on Its highway program, while only
except let him self he oarrled along
any p art In politics, assum ed office wood Mead, federal com m issioner of
J68.000.000 covered all oth er govern
l>F a m ass of men made delirious with
Jan u ary 10 and has since been con reclam ation, recom m ended to th e a n
m ental
expenditures
w ithin
th at
Joy a t bis achievem ent.
ducting a ru th less w ar on liquor vio nual m eeting of the Colum bia Basin
period. The la tte r figure included (5,-
Irrigation league here.
When P resident Doumergue pinned
lators.
000,000 levied in taxes for loans and
C haracterizing the project “the
on L indberg's breast the cross the
cosh bonuses for ex-service men.
largest and therefore costliest e n te r
Legion of Honor at the very spot at
This Inform ation was contained in
prise of its kind in th e world," Dr.
Le Bourget on which the plane drifted
a report prepared by Sam A. Roger,
Mead outlined som e of the considera
to the ground S aturday night, com
secretary of state, for the considera |
tions involved In its developm ent and
pleting the epochal voyage, the p resi
tlon of a num ber of civic and com
predicted th a t it m ust w ait for a t least
d ent was in a real sense acting In the
m ercial organisations In Oregon.
ten years before it can be undertaken.
nam e of the whole nation. It Is felt
The report showed th at during the
He referred to th e program of the
everyw here th at this fine young Amer-
W ashington, D. C.—Roy A. H aynes
last 28 years, the governm ental ex
loan has done more in a few hours to
it out of the governm ent service and secretary of the in terio r for comple
fienses, exclusive of highways, aggre
prom ote genuine sym pathy betw een
th e duties of prohibition com m issioner tion of existing projects before any
gated
(87,750,000, and for the first
the two peoples than volumes of
have been taken over by Dp. Jam es new ones a re started , and said th a t
14 years of th is period these expensee
speeches and ream s of literatu re.
M. Doran, appointed to th at poet by because of the im m ensity of th e Ya
were less than J20.000.000.
kim a project and th e fact th a t ten
S ecretary Mellon,
“Many persons are unable to justify
Doran, whQ has been head of the years will be required fo r Its comple
th e high m otor vehicle license fee In
prohibition b u reau ’s technical division, tion, a large sh are of the income of
Oregon when compared with the li
assum ed charge of enforcem ent activ i the reclam ation bureau for th a t tim e
cense fee in the adjoining states of
ties S aturday supplanting H aynes, will be used In this state.
W ashington and C alifornia," read the
who had been serving as acting com
report. "In our neighbor states it
m issioner.
i e
P L A N E S S CO UT FO R E S T S
must be borne In mind th at a personal
Longview, W ash.—Testim ony taken
Doran recom m ended appointm ent of
-rt-
»
property tax Is paid In addition, while
here In th e ouster proceedings brought
M ajor H erbert H. W hite, now a special Machines From Five Bases W ill Map
in Oregon the m otor vehicle is ex
by the slate of Missouri against the
in vestigator, as a ss ista n t prohibition
Forest Biases.
em pted from any such tax.
Long-Dell Lum ber company, at th e in
com m issioner.
»
W àshington, D. C.—A rm y airplanes
G eneral Lincoln C. Andrews, a ss ist from five bases will fly over th e na
stigation of F. J. B annister, ex presi
SHORT N EW S NUGGETS
dent, disclosed th at the Long-Bell
an t secretary of th e treasu ry since tional fo rests of th e Pacific northw est
— -— r
Lum ber com pany's Investm ent In the
April 1, 1926. subm itted his resigna and C alifornia this sum m er as forest
Jack Sharkey, giant ex sailor, knock
Longview development project totaled
tion, effective August 1, 1927.
fire scouts, the d e p artm en t of agricul
about 1(5,947.320, although
those ed out his Boston rival, Jim m y Ma
Form er L ieu ten ant G overnor Sey ture announced.
loney,
In
the
fifth
round
of
a
15-round
figures were not entirely agreed to by
m our Lowman will sucoed him.
T he planes will have bases a t E u
P resident M. 11. Nelson aud Long Dell m atch in New York.
A ndrew s explained in his le tte r of gene, Or., a t S eattle, W ash., and Spo
Fourty-four
persons
were
killed
and
Ooufisel.
resig n atio n to Mellon th a t he took kane, W ash., a t M ather field, n ear
Of th a t am ount 124.948,077 covered 41 injured In th e blasting of the Bath over the federal prohibition enforce S acram ento, Cal., and a t Olendale.
{ho sawmill operations here and log Mich . village school house by Andrew m ent work to coordinate the activities n ear Los A ngeles, Cal. T hey will be
ging operations and the tow nslte of Kohoe, dem euted farm er.
of the coast guard, custom s bureau piloted by arm y a ir service reserve
E ight lives were lost when a wall and prohibition bureau and th a t this
Ryder, 30 miles north of here.
officers tem porarily In th e employ of
k A ttorney Roberts, representing Mr of w ater from what is known as the work would be com pleted by August 1. tho forest service, who will be ac
B annister, questioned Mr Nelson on “slide" d: m In th e Gros V enture rivet
com panied by forest officers, acting as
(ho umount of mouey Invested In lands sw ept over the little town of Kelly
observers.
F
R
U
IT
S
H
IP
P
E
R
S
O
RG
ANIZE
Bud Im provem ents In Longview. It Wyo.
The p rim ary w ork of the a ir patrol
President Coolidge, it is understood
Was brought out that (6 500.000 bad
Kipp M arketin g Idea Followed in will be reconnaissance of large fires,
will
tuke
for
his
sum
m
er
W
hite
House
been expended In developm ent of the
confirm ation of fire rep o rts, spotting
Principle by Dealers.
the attractiv e Cusack estate at Cas
ot lightning fires, especially In areas
glty.
Yakima.
W
ash.—O
rganization
of
the
cade, 10 miles from Colorado Springs I
P acific N orthw est F ru it Shippers' not adequately covered by ground
Colo.
lookouts.
W A R -TIM E C LA IM S F IX E D
Prediction th a t a tax surplus ot council was launched here in a m eet
1500,000.600 would be In the treasury ing of shippers of seven districts. A
26 Sailors Landed by Lifeline.
(n g ia n d Owes Am erica *1.(00.000 on
by th e tim e congress m eets in Decern com m ittee was appointed including H.
• hipping Seizures.
San F rancisco.—A fter 48 hours of
her was m ads by S enator Sim mons of L. Yost, sou th ern Idaho; Edward
' W ashington, 1). C. The American
N orth Carolina, ranking dem ocrat on P ierre, Spokane; F rank Lamb. W alla anguish w ith th eir boat spitted upon
gild British governm ents have agreed
W alla C. T. Baker, M edford; P F. a reef. 26 m em bers of th e crew of the
(he senate finance com m ittee.
pn a settlem ent of mutual claim s and
C lark, Hood River, O r.; H A. Perham , freig h ter Indiana H arbor were taken
those of Individuals against both gov
Yakima, and C. W. W hite, W enatchee, off with breeches buoy. The vessel
C alifornia's »8,000,000 Bridge Opened
h r intents for leisu re of w ar tim e ship
to m eet in S eattle, June 4, to perfect bound from San F rancisco to Portland,
Vallejo, C al.—The w orld's biggest
ping. but term s of the settlem ent are
was driven aground n e a r Point Gorda.
plans.
being withheld pending an arrange- highw ay bridge, spanning C arquinei
G row ers m eeting at the sam e tim e south of E ureka, Cal.
Blent for publication of final notes s tra its in San F rancisco bay, was beard a rep o rt of th e sh ip p ers’ ac
opened for public travel last S aturday
ratifying the pact.
tion aad wHl m eet next S aturday to Flood R elief Fund T otals (13.445.206.
i It Is understood th a t balancing of The bridge not only sh o rten s overland 1 plan a grow ers' organisation.
W ashington, D. C. — The national
»he claims has left an aw ard of ap travel up and down the Pacific const
The fruit grow ers Interested in the Red C ross flood relief fund totaled
proxim ately (1.(00.000 to the United but also brings San Francisco and the m ovem ent to organise under the so- J13.445.206 S aturday.
( t a le s
The claim s grew out of de East Bay cities Into closer contact called Kipp plan expressed disappoint
ten tio n and search during th e w ar of with the fertile north cen tral reglor ' m ent at the decision of the fruit ship
T H E MARKETS.
•hipping of both countries suspected of th e state.
Portland.
pers to exclude grow ers and brokers
of carrying war supplies to the enemy.
W heat—Big Bend bluestem . (1.58;
from th e ir organization.
S. P. Buys More Right of Way.
hard w hite, (1 5 3 ; federation, soft
K lam ath Falls. Or.—T h at the South 1 Oregon Executive Invites 4 G overnors white, and w estern white, (1 48; hard
Dr. Juan B. Sacsea Q uite Nicaragua.
W ashington, D V Dr. Juan H. 8a ern Pacific Is preparing to Join in the
Salem, Or. — G overnor P atterson w inter, »1.4»; n o rth ern spring and
aii"a, leader of th e N icaraguan revolt! railroad developm ent of the K lam ath 1 sen t Invitations to G overnors Bald w estern red, »1.46.
lion, accom panied by 27 of hts follow basin was fu rth er evidenced h ere with I ridge of Idaho. Young of C alifornia.
H a y — AlfaWa. »20020 »0; valley
e rs and supporters, boarded the steam th e announcem ent th at the Oregon H artley of W ashington and F arrin g tim othy. (1 8 0 1 6 50; e a stern Oregon
a r Wawa at Puerto C abeta his capi C alifornia A E astern, subsidiary of the ton of Hawaii, urging them to attend tim othy, »21022.
tal for Limon, Costa Rica, according gouthern Pacific, has purchased add! th e annual convention of the Pacific
B u tte rfa t—40c.
to a dispatch to the navy defw rtiuent tlonal right of way p roperty In th» Coast A dvertising Clubs association
Eggs— Ranch. 19® 20c.
from A dinliil l4itlm er This would in Sprague river country.
C attle— S teers, good, »9 25010.15.
which will be held In P ortland
dicate that Saras« for the time being
HLgle Medium to choice, (9.50®
Ju n e 19.
Hughes Not in Presidential Raoe.
has abandoned his revolution.
11.00.
Sheep—Lam bs, medium to choice,
Now York -Charles E. Hughes, re
Short Line V aluation »98.360.000.
Sinclair Sentenced to T hree Months. publican nominee to r president of th> ! W ashington. D. C.—A ten tativ e valu »9 50011 00.
Seattle.
W ashington. D C H arry Ford Sin U nited S tates In 1916, In a forma ' ation of »98.380.000 was placed by the
W heat Soft white, w estern white
rlalr. m ultim illionaire oil operator and statem en t referrin g to published r> In te rsta te com m erce com m ission on
sportsm an, was senteuced to serve ports of his possible candidacy tot the O regon 8hort Line, as of Ju n e 1. northern spring. Big Bend dark hard
th ree m onths In "common Jail” and th e presidency next year, said: “1 1926. The com pany's capitalization on w inter. »1.48; hard w inter. »1.47;
to pay a fine of (500 for refusing to atn toe eld to run for p resident and th at d ate was »122.188.173. while ita w estern red. »1.46; Big Bend bluestem
gnaw er questions of the senate Teapot I would n eith er seek n or accept tb< cap ital Investm ent was »133,094,104.
»1.58.
H ay—Alfalfa. »25; tim othy. P. S.
l>, m e com m ittee In 1924
nom ination
FUNDS FOR BASIN
PROJECT URGED
100
MILLION ON HIGHWAYS
NEW PROHIBITION
COMMISSIONER NAMED
NEARLY 65 MILLIONS
COST OF LONGVIEW
E x G o v ern e r
H. E. Huntington. Rail Magnate, Die«
Philadelphia H enry K H untington.
77, C alifornia railroad m agnate, died
In the lam kennu hospital here tallow
|ng an operation. The aged million
aire had been critically 111 for several
days.
H uerta A rraigned for Cenepiraoy.
Loa Angeles Adolfo de la H uerta
fu n n er provisional preaidant of M ei
tco. waa form ally arraigned here oi
charge" of conspiracy to violate fed
oral neu trality laws by shipping a ra n
aud am m unitions to Mexico.
MoCray to
be
Paroled,
W ashington, D. C. — The federal
parole board has recom m ended th a t
W arren T McCray, form er governor
of Indiana, sentenced to the A tlanta
p en iten tiary for 10 years, be paroled
In August when he becomes eligible
for c l e n , ^ y.
OREGON STATE NEWS
OF GENERAL INTEREST
Sixteen persons w ere killed and 321
Injured in 1925 m otor vehicle acci
d en ts in Oregon during April, accord
ing to a report prepared by T. A. Raf-
j fety, chief inspector for the sta te au
tom obile departm ent.
B rie f Resum e of H appenings of
the W eek C ollected fo r
O ur R ead ers.
J. W ard E vans, a ran ch er in th e
C orbett vicinity, called a com m unity
m eeting last week a t the C orbett high
school to form a squadron of ranchers
w ho may be called upon to aid forest
ran g ers in g ettin g quick action on
C onstruction of a m odern and at sm all forest tire s and th u s p revent
tractiv e sum m er hotel will be started th e ir spread.
th is sum m er a t Lake Odell.
Salem voters will pass on proposed
F o rest Grove will expend »8500, bond issues aggregating (890,000 a t
which will increase by « tre e tim es the the special election June 28, the coun
productive capacity of the m unicipal cil decided last w eek. Of the total,
lighting system .
»500,000 Is asked for sew ers and a
A pproxim ately 200 plum bers g ath er sew age disposal plant. »350,000 ¡or
ed in Salem la s t week fo r the annaal perm anent bridges and (40,000 tor an
convention of the Oregon A ssociation incin erato r plant.
of M aster Plum bers.
The heavy snow fall of th e p ast w in
W ashington county Is now on a cash
basis, the la s t ot the outstanding w ar
ra n ts having been redeem ed by Coun
ty T reasu rer Sappington.
E ight Salem canneries will s ta rt
operations about June 1, according to
ow ners. T hey s ta rt on gooseberries;
the straw b erry crop will follow.
A. R. Shum w ay of Milton was ap
pointed a m em ber of th e Oregon sta te
fair board to succeed J. E. Reynolds
of La Grande, w hose term has expired.
T he opening day of the com m ercial
fishing season a t Gold B each for
salm on in th e Rogue riv er brought the
sm allest catches recorded In many
years.
Jam es A lger F ee of P endleton was
appointed circu it judge for U m atilla
and Morrow counties to succeed the
late G ilbert W. P helps, who died re
cently.
T he first n atio n al fo rest closing or
d er for the season has been issued
on the C ascade forest e a st of Eugene,
th e d istrict h ead q u arters a t E ugene
has announced.
te r will result in th e heav iest crop of
wild blackberries and h uckleberries
of years, according to old-tim ers of
Mill City, and persons th a t have been
around the patches. One of the large
huckleberry p atches oi the sta te is
located n e a r there.
The first road m aintenance work
in th e U m atilla national forest will
s ta rt th e first of the week, when a
crew will be put on in the Ukiah sec
tion. The late spring has delayed the
w ork In th e fo rests th ere and larg er
crew s will be necessary to com plete
th e program for th is year.
John H. C arkin of M edford w as
elected d istrict governor and H. T.
H ubbard of M edford d istrict se c re ta ry
a t the second annual convention of
division 34, the s ta te of Oregon, of
the Lions order, held in Medford la st
w eek, and Salem was selected as th e
place for next y e a r’s convention.
T he harvest of straw b erries around
Hood R iver this season will be th e
la te st for m any years. A recu rren ce
of cold w eather h as retard ed the d e
velopm ent of blooms and young fru it.
The Apple G row ers' association does
not an ticipate shipm ents of b erries
until about June 1. It will be som e
tim e a fte r this before carlota are mov
ing out.
R etail food prices In P o rtlan d are
37 per cent above 1913, the b ureau of
labor sta tistic s h as reported, lower
th a n any o th e r city except S alt Lake,
am ong 51 cities.
Two a rte sia n w ells re cen tly drilled
The year-old child of Mr. and Mrs-
by the city have increased th e w ater O. Skurdal, living near D eadm ond's
supply of L a G rande until th e am ount ferry, ten m iles n o rth east of E ugene,
available every 24 hours is nearly 4,- was shot fatally by a ten-year-old
000,000 gallons.
brother. The m other had left the boy
Edwin A nderson MacDonald, Med with th e baby while she was p rep ar
ford youth, w ill be adm itted to the ing the evening meal. The boy, th e
U nited S tates naval academ y a t Ann m other said, took a revolver out of a
apolis, Md„ a t the beginning ol the book case and shot the baby through,
autum n s e m ^ te r .
the head.
A pproxim ately 2000 delegates a t
P rofessor H enry H artm ann, associ
tended th e 72nd annual convention of ate professor of pomology a t Oregon
th e sta te grand lodge of Odd Fellows A gricultural college, addressing mem
and the R ebekah assem bly held in bers of the Apple G row ers’ association
A storia la st week.
in Hood River last week, declared wip
T he first c a r of road oil for the ing apples to rem ove spray residue a
road betw een Mill City and Mehama m akeshift. E ventually, he said, all
arriv ed a t L yons la st week and will apple and pear grow ers will use equip
be applied as quickly a s w eather con m ent th a t perm its passing th e fru it
through a hydrochloric acid bath.
dltions will p e rm it..
The law enacted a t th e last legis
T he A m erican N ature association’s
national cartoon co n test on "outdoor lative session authorizing th e s ta te
good m anners,” has been won by Mrs board of control to borrow (600,000
F lorence McCabe, of G rants Paas. from the state Industrial accident fund
for the erection of a new state office-
The aw ard w as »100.
Canby city council has passed a building in Salem is unconstitutional,
resolution for a special election to be according to an opinion banded down
held in July to pass on the sale of by Judge L. H. McMahan of th e M ar
the light and pow er plant to Portland ion county circuit court. The s ta te
will appeal from the decision to th e
E lectric P ow er company.
suprem e court.
T he C lackam as County B ankers' as
H igher tariffs on agricultural prod
sociation has again indorsed the Boys
and G irls' club work by offering ten ucts grown in the W illam ette valley
scholarships at th e 1927 county fair were favored by the Oregpn F arm ers
union convention in the closing day
for prizes in club work.
of its session a t Albany last w eek.
Marion, Ute 8-year-old son of Mr.
and Mrs. W illiam Reed of T alent, may Increased tariffs favored include un
lose the sight of both eyes as the re hackled flax fibre and vetch. T he
sult of the explosion of some dyna convention recom mended th a t th e ta r
m ite caps w ith which h e was playing iff on fibre be increased from 1 to 5
' cents a pound in view of the n ew n ess
R obert N. McKamey, 21, of Percy, ! of the flax industry in the U nited
Ark., was killed by a falling piece of I States.
bark from a sp ar tree a t a logging
Clifford La Mere, engineer on th e
cam p of the E astern & W estern Lum
b er Co., on th e Lewis & Clark river I logging railroad of the Silver F alls
Timber company, near Silverton, gave
n ear A storia.
his life to save th ree women who w ere
The C urry C ounty Sportsm en's as
accompanying him on th e engine,
sociation has been organized a t Gold
when he tossed the women from th e
Beach for the purpose of co-ordinating
cab while a train of 19 cars loaded
the w ork of several local organiza
with logs, appearing suddenly around
tions in the county working for game
; a sliarp turn, bore down' upon them .
conservation.
The log cars collided with the engine
C onstruction on the Oregon Trunk head-on and La Mere waa burled un
railroad south ot Bend — halted ab der a huge m ass of logs.
ruptly 17 years ago— will be resumed
Oregon last year regained ground
on a prelim inary scale soon. Two
in exphrt trade which had been lost
carloads of co n tracto rs’ equipm ent a r
In 1925 and surpassed even th e pre
rived la st week.
vious high m ark of 1924 w ith aggre
P lans are on foot to establish an gate shipm ents of m erchandise des
A m erican Legion post on the Umatilla tined for foreign consum ption valued
Indian reservation to be composed nt »S3,532.419, according to the d ep art
solely of w arriors of th a t tribe who ment of commerce. The 1926 to tal
were in th e national service during indicated a rem arkable climb in Ore
th e world war. If this post is formed, gon exports during the year, as th e
it is said it will be the only American aggregate value of m erchandise se n t
Legion post composed solely of in
to other lands In 1925 was (48.637,-
dlans to be found.
915, or (34.S94.534 less than last year.
J. P. Dillon and Tim Sullivan, Coos
The last step In the im provem ent
county logging operators. have con
J traeted to cut 10.000,000 feet of whit, of the F lora E nterprise highw ay, In
W allowa county, w as the opening of
cedar tim ber in th e vicinity of Em
bids last week by C. H. Purcell, dis
pire, w here the Empire Development 1
trict engineer of the U nited S ta te s
company recently bought 1600 acres
bureau of public roads, for surfacing
ot land.
(21.
the F lora section. ».7 m iles
B u tter—C ream ery 42c.
Discovery of a rich vein of tin ore
Mrs P. C Kcmesies of Los A ngeles
Eggs - Ranch. 23 ® 25c.
3» miles east of Klamath Falls was
C attle— Steers, choice, (9 50 010.25 1 reported by C A Hendricks. Worden died in a hospital at Albany as th e
result of an autom obile accident n e a r
Hogs- Prim e. »11011.25.
and C. L Spencer, K lam ath Falls
Shedd. In attem pting to pass a wagon
Spokane.
who returned to that city a fte r two I
Mrs. Kemesles* autom obile skidded
C attle—-S teers good. »9 7509.»0.
weeks spent in prospecting and atak
and overturned and she was throw n
Hogs Good, »le 50 010.66.
in* out claims.
into a ditch filled with mud and w ater,