*
WHAT TO SEE DAIRY
CThc,
English Cottage Is General Favorite
Among Discriminating Home Builders
fa s te n
DAIRYMAN MUST
BE GOOD FARMER
I
Javanese Women on the Way to Market.
(P rep a red by th e N a tio n a l O eojrraphle
S o ciety . W a sh in g to n . D. C .)
AVA, lying far off In the eastern
seas, almost a world apart from
Europe and America, has ernpha
sized the Twentieth century’s
quickening of communications and
easy flow of Ideas by recently having
Its Bolshevist troubles. These seem,
however, to have been pretty well
suppressed.
The very recent emergence of the
Javanese from serfdom no doubt in
creases the desire for greater freedom
among the small group of the edu
cated; but the close association of the
vast mass of the uneducated with the
soil—a virtual peonage—Is a powerful
force toward conservatism.
Java Is a fuvored Isle In many ways
Its entire area, equal to that of New
York state, lies within nine degrees of
the equator. Java Is the richest of
the Dutch East Indies and also the
most densely populated; the number
of inhabitants amounts to as many as
1.000 per square mile in some districts
Aside from the sprinkling of Euro
peuns and Chinese, the native popula
tion numbers more than 30,000,(XX).
These all belong to the Malay race
and almost without exception profess
the religion of Islam.
Batavia, on the low-lying north
coast, is the capital of Java as well as
Its metropolis and the great emporium
for trade among the Islands und be
tween them and the mother country.
The Netherlands.
It Is a great,
sprawling town with numerous ware
houses to take the place of the “fac
tories” of the early duys of Dutch
activity In the East. There are canals,
too, in true Dutch fashion, In the old
town. Few Europeans live there now
It Is given over almost wholly to trade
and serves as well us a residence sec
tion for Javanese. Chluese. Indians.
Arabs und Malays. Further Inland on
higher ground lie the quarters of Eu
ropeans, chiefly Dutch, of course. This
white man's section has broad ave
nues and low houses embowered In
trees and shrubbery.
There are parks, green and colorful
with the luxuriant growths of the
tropics. Near one of these Is an Im
posing building of classical design
the Museum of the Batavian Society
of Arts and Sciences. The copper ele
phant on a pedestal In front of the
building was a gift from the king of
Slam, presented on the occasion of Ids
visit some years ago. This museum
contains the finest ethnological collec
tion of any Institution in the Ear East.
J
«
Good Hotels for Tropics.
The rising sun warns the traveler of
the approach of noon anil he turns
down a side street in search of the
welcome coolness of "a hotel. As a
rule the hotels in Java are clean, well
kept and admirably designed to meet
the requirements of a tropical climate.
Tliey usually consist of a main build
ing, openly constructed, so a« to admit
the passing breeze, with wings con
taining the sleeping rooms.
The
charges in Java are much cheaper
than in other parts of the East. The
Java hotels furnish a great treat to
gourmets—that famous gastronomic In
stltution known as the rljst-tafel or
rice-table.
One takes his seat In a spacious pa
vilion and Is brought soup by an army
of beturbaned Malays. Then large,
deep plates are brought, on each a
supply of rice. On top of this basic
stratum two Inches deep the diner
Is expected to place an extraordinary
variety of vegetables, curries, dried
fish, eggs, fowls and meat flavored
with a variety of peppery condiments
A sail of .36 hours from Batavia
brings one to Soerabaya, the most
Important seaport In Java, with a good
harbor at the mouth of the Solo river.
Ships anchor offshore and passengers
embark In one of the native boats and
make their ways amid the crowded
shipping to the landing stage.
Although commercially of great Im
portai.ee, Soerabaya Is hot und pre
sents few attractions to the visitor
There Is an air of bustling activity
In the streets which seems to verify
the city’s -eputation for alertness and
aacemlency In the mechanical arts.
A two hour« ride by rail frmn Soera
bays through a densely tropical region
lands the traveler at Pasourouan.
There he may get the real flavor of
back-country travel by entering the
curious carts of the country called
dos-a-dos, and set out for the delight
the
ful mountain resort of Tosarl, Java's
Simla.
Ever ascending, the road
leads past miles of rice and sugar
fields to a pretty little hotel on the
lower slopes of the mountain range,
where one may rest. The remainder
of the climb to Tosarl is too steep for
vehicles, so horses and palanquins are
used for the Anal stage of the Journey.
Tosarl Is a delightful resort. A so
journ of several days in the salubrious
air of the mountains renews one for
life or travel In the plains. A wulfc
alonjf the single street of the village
gives gome idea of the mode of life of
these mountaineers, who are quite dis
tinct from their neighbors of the lower
valleys. Here are found the homes of
the Tenggerese. that hardy tribe who,
at the time of the Moslem Invasion,
retreated to these mountain strong
holds and successfully defended their
homes against the Invaders.
The lofty location of Tosarl, perched
on a flank of the Tengger massif at
an elevation of 5.480 feet above sea
level. Invites one, by Its Invigorating
air, to undertake walking trips und
mountaineering excursions, which In
other parts of the Island would be out
of the question.
Lots of Volcanoes.
Two of these jaunts which are most
Interesting are the trips to the crater
of the active volcano and to the sum
mit of Penandjaan, a loftier eminence
which commands an extensive view
of the eastern part o f the Island.
Volcanoes and Java are subjects
that cunnot be divorced. Volcano-
made in the first place, und constantly
being remade by them, Java has more
volcanoes than any area of Its size
In the world. Estimates of the active
and extinct craters range from 100 to
LTO. Everywhere in Java, In the huge
crater lakes, in fissures that now are
river beds, even In ancient temples,
half finished when Interrupted by
some fiery convulsion, are evidences
of cataclysmic forces.
The "treacherous Klot,” as the na
tives call It, all but wiped out the
town of Brltar in 1919, but even Ils
devastation was mild compared to the
violent upheaval of Krakatoa In 1883.
Then Mother Nature turned anarchist
and planted a Gargantuan infernal ma
chine on the doorstep of Java. Kra-
katoa is a little Island In the Nunda
strait, between Sumatra and Java.
One of the most fascinating spots In
all Java cities Is the market. The
Dutch have roirfed most of them over,
and under the tile shelters the natives
display baskets of rice, bunches of ba
nanas and leaves bearing preparations
of betel, |>eppers and ground coconut.
In every Javan town the market, or
passar, Is a center of Interest.
If your purchase is small enough
to warrant wrapping you get a neat
package enclosed In banana leuf,
which has been called the “wrapping
paper of the tropics," fastened with a
cactus thorn.
Java is extremely fertile—made so
by Its numerous volranoea, those
much-maligned beneficent forces. The
entire Island Is the most luxuriant
garden spot In all the World. It Is so
densely |* *opulated that Its Inhabitant*
must till the soil, and cannot pluck
their fisid from trees us in some South
Sea Isles. But t. ey do live by a mini
mum of labor and they require foi
shelter only a roof over their heads
to protect them from frequent rains
The result of these conditions ha*
been that the present-day Javan hH>
had slight need to concern hlmseit
with architecture, making machines
or household decorations.
Though the modern Javan Is not
concerned with architecture the Is
land people of thousand* of years ago
built temples and monuments which
today are objects of wonder to tin-
stud-nt and fragments of beauty to
the artist. Notable among these I*
the Ore t Buddha, or Boro Boedoer, a
mighty terraced temple containing a
massive Image of Buddha sn<l a re
markable series of has reliefs.
Successful dairymen need to be Just
as good farmers as they are dairymen.
It Is pointed out by W. J. Eraser,
dairy funning authority of the college
of agriculture, University of Illinois.
This Is true because to make a profit
under modern conditions dnlrymen
must make their farms supply the
feeds for their dairy herds, be ex
plained. It does them no good to know
how to feed profitably if they do uot
have the feed, he added.
“The dairyman’s rotation plan must
dovetail Into lus dairy [»Ians before he
can get the greatest possible return
from his farm. The rotation for u
dairy farm must be planned from
three standpoints: (1) Feed. The
dulry farm rotation must supply proper
quality and quantity of feed the year
around at the least expense to the
dairy herd. (2) Land. The rotation
must use land lo the fullest advantage
through the use of the most profitable
crops, the growing of enough legumes
to maintain and Increase soil humus
and nitrogen In order to maintain soil
fertility and through diversifying crop
returns so us to minimize-failure of
any one crop. (3) Labor. The rotation
must provide for labor distribution to
prevent burdensome peak loads and
to utilize labor available throughout
the year. This is especially Important
to the dairy farmer because he has so
much work with bis dairy herd.
Demands for the dairy herd for
legume feeds, demands of soil for nitro
gen supply, and the need for the most
profitable use of land and labor dove
tail together so that legumes are the
basis of a good dairy rotation.
On moat soils limestone Is an abso
lute necessity before legumes can be
grown, yet Is a minor Item of cost
compared to returns. Dairymen often
buy alfalfa at $25 a ton while $4 to $8
an acre In limestone would allow them
to produce It at about $10. Freight,
baling and handling make purchased
feed expensive.
The rotation Is a definite business
plan, providing as sure a return as
possible year after year, and thereby
reducing the gambling element In
farming. It must be planned for a
definite number of animals so that
enough feed will be on hand every, day
In the year to keep every cow fed to
the limit of her productive capacity.
Fields must be of the same size so
that shout the same amount of feed Is
produced each year. Good legume hay,
alfalfa preferred, Hnd corn silage, are
the foundation upon which the winter
feed supply Is based. One and one-lialf
tons of ulfalfa hay and four tons allage
should be allowed per cow per year
for the larger breeds.
Pasture must be provided each year.
On tillable land three-fourths of an
acre of sweet clover a cow Is a good
standnrd. Where untlllable blue grass
Is available then the rotation must be
planned In reference to It. Often It
can be limed and sown to sweet
clover. No one rotation fits every
farm, hut some one rotation can be
worked out for each and every farm.
Young Calves Thrive on
Skim Milk, Hay and Grain
Young calves will usually begin to
Dibble at grain and hay when they
are between thirty and forty duys old.
These feeds should be placed avail
able to calves at this age. As long as
the calves ure getting a liberal supply
of skim milk and have access to good
quality legume bay, the grain mixture
may be composed of equal parts of
whole corn and oats, or barley may
be Included. At forty days of age
calves will be eating about one-half
pound each of grain and hay dally.
Thia amount should gradually be In
creased to where they are getting
about four pounds of grain and three
pounds of hay at one hundred eighty
days of age In addition to which they
should get from sixteen to eighteen
pounds of skim milk dally.
Cows Need Protection
During Winter Weather
Dairy cows need protection In the
way of good bousing and sleeping
quarters during cold winter weather,
says L. P. McCann, associate profes
sor In animal husbandry, Colorado
Agricultural college.
"Exposure to cold weather and
storms means that the cows are con
suming nn extra amount of feed to
overcome such exposure. Dairy cows
do not have a thick coat of fat to
peotect them against the elements u s
do beef cattle and bogs, hence their
need of more protection. Cows kept
In comfortable quarters consume
slightly leas feed and produce a trifle
more ndlk than those allowed to run
In the open during the winter mouths.”
Using Dusty Feeds
One reason for a lot of trouble from
high bacteria as well as dirt In milk
comes from the practice of feeding
dusty hay or fielder before milking.
Bacteria and germa travel In the al-,
and even small particles of dust carry
many thousand* of liacterla
When
such feeds are given to the cows tie
fore milking, a large amount of the
(Inst and dirt will get Into the milk
Tills will not only cause milk to s|*d
more quickly, but will tie otijecibginhls
from tlie standpoint of sediment
’ FARM »
PÛÜLTRY
BAD VENTILATION
BIG LIABILITY
Floor Plan.
go nicely In this house, and the win
dow draping* could be more subatan-
tlally heavy than usual; that Is, for
overdrapea one might utilize the heav
ier cretonnes, velvets, velours or
broadi'lotha, In massy deep colors. But
we would not suggest too much bright
brass fittings for the fireplace; ham
mered brass or wrought Iron does
nicely, and does not take all the plena
This seems to be a general favorite ure of a fireplace away by exacting
as to style of construction. Judging by more work than we gain comfort out
the number of similar designs which of It.
are now finding vogue among the
architects, builders and house owners Good Housing Elements
generally throughout the country. The
a p p e a l la undeniable.
The bungalow
in Building of Homes
pictured does uot merely bring back
Housing standards are both phya
to many who have migrated beloved leal and moral, and the two are more
memories of the old country, but to or less Inseparable.
those who have always lived In Amer
Housing standards relate mainly to
ica It suggeats substantial, picturesque adequacy of shelter from the elements,
building, comfortable living, und a light, ventilation, wuter supply, dis
beauty which Is real, because It Is posal of waste, privacy, space for play
based upon sound good taste.
and family gatherings, arrangement
The combination of brick with tlm and equipment affecting the amount
bered stucco, the chimney with Its of labor required for housework, Hp-
quaint chimney pots, and the distinc pearsnee and general attractiveness,
tive windows lead us to look for sim housekeeping maintenance and con
ilar qualntness In the Interior, Tills stant Improvement ns the family's
can be made altogether a matter of needs develop and Its taste Improves.
Individual taste. The floor plan Is
The last statement Is not meant as
up-to-date and spacious, containing an argument for continual discontent
not less than three bedrooms besides with the best that may he available at
the kitchen, dining and living rooms. any given time, or that a house should
The over all dimensions are 39 feet undergo extensive alterations once or
by 43 feet.
twice a year. It does mean, however,
The outside of such a home as this, that a family which resigns Itself to
to appear to the best advantage, needs accept, as a matter of course, tem
the dressing -up value of Ivy and shrub porary "makeshifts" which It could he
bery. There Is. of course, the objec reasonably expected to remedy, loses
tion that the Ivy Is destructive, but In self-respect and suffers accordingly.
we know of well-constructed stucco It means tliut every family can make
walls which have become Ivy-covered Its home more attractive and livable
without the least suspicion of disin by constant attention to matters of
tegrating cracks. The color scheme Is detail.
slmple--a warm tinted brick, prefer
Every child needs plenty of sunlight
ably reddish or brownish; brown stain and fresh air, and Is better off In a
on the timbered and window portions; well-kept house with modern Improve
on the gable cornices; and varicolored ments. In which there is enough room
roof.
for privacy and for the different mem
The recessed porch leads Into either bers of the fumlly to he alone when
the dining room or the living room. they wish.
Suppose we take the door at our left.
We are In the living room. 17 feet by
14 feet, with a fireplace and two sets Telia of Essentials in
of windows; three and four on two
Fire-Resisting House
sides. There Is a hall which we en
Consider the structures of the Ideal
ter from the living room ; It can take "fire-resisting" house First a foun
us to the lavatory, through the aid« dation of concrete, well water-proofed
entrance vestibule Into one of the and tied at essential points with rein
three bedrooms, or Into the dining forcing steel.
room. One criticism of this plan might
Gn this foundation lay a two story
be that too much space Is taken up wall of cinders or concrete block or
by the provision made for corridors. hollow tile for stucco base or brick,
Thia la purely a personal affair. The atone and til* for veneered walla.
ball which leads to two of the bed Floors of light “fire-reslstlng'' con
rooms might be eliminated, with ac struction as above noted Hiid a roof
cess to them and the bathroom being of light steel shapes sup|>ortlng gyp
had through the dining room How sum concrete covered with slate or vit
ever, It Is undeniable that the hall rified tile roofing.
space as planned does make for prlv
The windows should be steel case
acy.
meat tyj>»« or metal double hung pat
The kitchen Is well arranged, has terns. The doors should he of lami
a spacious pantry, and a refrigerator nated wood or hollow metal and the
so placed that It Is served through casing, base, etc., of pressed metal.
an Icing door from the rear service
Certain details In construction
porch.
should be given serious consideration
Naturally, one associates a building If certain materials sre used. If con
of this nature with low beamed cell crete or cinder blocks are used for
Inged rooms, and furniture dark with exterior wall* It will be well to satisfy
age However, It I* possible to enjoy oneself regarding the waterproofnes*
the spirit of these, without any de of these materials. They can and
pressing actuality, for however plctur should he waterproof. A furred Inside
esque an old house's timbered Interior wall construction Is a good scheme of
may he. modern Ideas of decoration preventing further difficulties.
might look for more cheerful treat
ment. We might compromise by mak
Day of Small Home
ing the Interior trim a dark colored
This Is the day of the smell house
oak, or mahogany, or walnut, or stain
Ing some of the equally good lighter planned for comfort and convenience,
woods to get a darker color note not .for ostentation. Healing and re
There would tie cheerful paper pal frigerating plants, the electrical equip
terns ou the walls, for however gray ment, the plumbing system and the
English weather may be the people hullt-ln features have contributed to
who originated the cottages of this place the star of the little house In
type make up for It by making their the ascendency and to create for It
home Interiors as bright and cheerful an Important and distinctive place Io
<a possible. Jacobean furniture would modern life
By WILLIAM A. RADFORD
Mr. W illia m A. R a d fo r d w ill a n s w e r
q u e s tio n * a n d g iv e a d v ic e F R E E O F
COST on a ll p r o b le m s p e r ta in in g to th e
s u b je c t o f b u ild in g , fo r th e r e a d e r s o f
th is p a p er .
On a c c o u n t o f ht* w id e
e x p e r ie n c e a s e d it o r ,- a u t h o r an d m a n
u fa c t u r e r . he la, w it h o u t d o u b t, th e
h ig h e s t a u t h o r ity o n th e s u b je c t. A d
d r e s s a ll I n q u ir ie s to W illia m A R a d
ford . No. 1117 P r a ir ie a v e n u e , C h ic a g o ,
fo r r ep ly .
A poultry house without ventilation
Is a source of trouble and a liability
to the owner, authorities at the col
lege of agriculture, University of Illi
nois claim.
Proper ventilation Is the changing
of the ulr within the house without
causing u drafty condition, and chang
ing It often enough to take care of
moisture. In other words, the Ideal
desired by good veutllatiou Is a house
free from drafts and In’ a dry con
dition.
During winter months so many
poultry keeper* will make the mistake
of closing their houses *o tightly In
mi effort to get warmth thut they will
cause u stagnant ulr condition, ami
dumpness will result. At no time dur
ing the year should the front of tho
house he entirely closed, and eapeclal-
ly so If the pen Is In any way
crow ded.
There are ninny schemes and me
chanical devices made that will aid
poultry house ventilation, and while
these have a value, the aim should
he to establish conditions us efficient
mid fool proof as possible for getting
fresh air Into the house.
For the shed roof type of house, the
open front will solve the difficulty.
This opeultig may have a rough weath
er protector of cotton, but a cotton
screen is not necessary. Fresh air
will never hurt tlie birds. Incidental
ly the open front will allow the birds
direct sunlight on days of sunshine.
For the house with an A shaped roof
ami which generally la wider than oth
er types of houses, It would he advis
able to put In a straw loft. The straw
will Insulate against cold and heat and
will help to absorb moisture from the
pen. It Is advisable to have an open
ing In each gable end allowing for an
air current over the straw. This la
a very simple and efficient way of
ventilating a house, and lias the ad-
ventage of keeping the house cooler
lu summer and wurmer In winter.
The one thing a person must guard
against with a straw loft Is the con
trol of ull mites und lice.
Pullets Hatched Early
Begin to Lay in Fall
Early hatched pullets properly grown
and matured will begin to lay during
the fall and early winter, when fresh
eggs are scarce and when egg prices
are at tlielr very highest point. It
will make a great deal of difference
In the returns from the flock whether
the pullets lay fairly well during the
winter or whether they do not begin
to lay until spring, for In either case
they will he consuming feed. Practi
cally any pullet, whether late or early
batched, or even a very old lieu, will
lay during the spring season, but It Is
the early hatched pullets which must
he depended upon for eggs during the
fall and winter. The practice of
hatching early as compared with
hatching lute will enable the poultry
keeper to receive the very consider
able added profit due to the produc
tion of winter eggs, and In many
cases will uiHke all tlie difference he
tween loss and a good profit from the
poultry flock ; therefore, practice earlv
hatching and secure winter eggs It Is
very Important.
Poultry Facts
Early roosting keeps the chicks from
crowding Into the corners.
• • •
Electric lights In winter Is an arti
ficial way of making things natural
for hens, who do more work with
longer days.
a a •
Never put chicks of different ages
In the same coop or brooder unless
there Is a partition so thut the tiny
ones are Separated from the older
ones.
a a a
Don't neglect grasa for the young
chicks In the brooder house. It sup
plies the vitamines necessary to health
and growth, that can be obtained no
where else.
• a a
Poultry-men are placing stress upon
the need of early hatching nnd early
production from the pullets.
• • •
Duck eggs can be hatched very suc
cessfully In Incubators, and most In-,
collator manufacturers furnish special
Instruit Ions for the hatching of duck
eggs with their machines.
• • •
It takes 21 days for hen eggs to
hatch ; 28 days for duck eggs, 30 to
34 for goose eggs, nnd 28 days for
turkey eggs. The time may vary some
what according to conditions.
• • •
Even In the best of hatches there
are always some chirks that are not
Just right. Koch birds should be dis
posed of at once.
a a a
Exercise, grit and green feed alt
have their place In the rtexelopment
of the growing chick, hut they cannot
take the pluce of sunlight
• • •
Sunshine Is one of the necessities
In successful chick raising It prevents
rickets or leg weakness, so common
among chicks that are kept Indoor«
during the early weeks of spring.