CO O P E R A T IV E PR IN C IPLES MUST
BE FOLLOWED IN ORGANIZATION
4. e.0. 1921
ERADICATION OF
BARBERRY PLANT
Campaign Begun as Control
Measure Against Loss of
Grain by Black-Stem Rust.
3USÜES THRIVE EVERYWHERE
’ lants Spread to Woodland, Pasture*
Stream Bank* and Fence Row*
by Distribution of Seeds by
Different Bird*.
Prepared by th e U nited S te te e D ep o rtm en t
o f A g ricu ltu re.)
A Creamery Which Gather« the Milk or Cream of Many Producers, to
Manufacture Into Uniform High-Grade Dairy Products, le One of the
Beet Examples of Successful Co-operation.
Prepared by the United States Depart­
ment of Agriculture.
Specialists In the United States De­
partment of Agriculture urge con­
stantly the establishing of uniform
standards for farm products, and de­
clare that If these standards are
maintained, once they have been
adopted, the confidence of the public
will be established, and the success
of co-operative marketing more gen­
erally assured. Too many organiza­
tions are brought Into being as a re­
sult of enthusiasm created by appeals
to prejudice and by misconception.
The proper foundation Is through a
well-recognized need for an organiza­
tion.
“Co-operative principles,” said a co­
operative specialist of the bureau of
markets, “must be adhered to In the
organization and operation of farm-
era' marketing
associations.
The
farmers themselves cannot be expect-
ed to have a vital Interest In a mar­
keting organization operated for the
profit of and controlled by a few per­
sons. Such an organization should he
operated, of course, to effect savings
and to render service and not to earn
profits for distribution ns dividends on
money Invested. A fair rate of Inter­
est Is granted to the capital Invested
by the members, -and the remainder
of any surplus to be distributed should
be divided In accordance with patron
age, that Is, the amount of business
transacted with the organization.
Loyalty Is Essential.
“The membership should be open to
producers only who desire to avail
themselves Of Its facilities, and there
should be safeguards to prevent Hie
ownership and control of the enter­
prise frOin falling Into the hands of a
few persons. The success o i the en­
tire effort depends upon the loyalty of
the members and their Interest In the
organization the high standards they
maintain, and their distinct under­
standing that as a business associa­
tion It should be managed by a man
or men able to earn a dignified com­
pensation. Disloyalty has caused the
failure of more than one co-operative
organization, and It Is a weakness
which can be remedied only by the
members themielves.
“T he manager, of course, Is the
keystone supporting the business. The
salary offered him should attract high
class ability as In any business look­
ing to success, and he should have au­
thority to support his work. An en­
tire business can be ruined by an in­
competent manager st Its head.
“A co-operative marketing assoela
tlon may be likened to a typewriter,
which Is a very eftlçlent machine, but
useless uptll you have some one com-
pétant to operate It. The success or
co-operative marketing depends hi
most entirely upon' obtaining a suffi-
PLANT PESTS CAUSE
BIG LOSS OF WHEAT
clent volume of business, observing
true co-operative principles, employ­
ing capable management, having
thoroughly modern business methods,
and finally, loyal membership."
Bushes Grow Evsryw hsr*.
Steady G row th Tends to Success.
In the grain-growing districts of the
Men who have traveled In every upper Mississippi valley, where the
part of the United States observing campaign has been carried on. It was
the work of co-operative organizations supposed that barberry bushes existed
of various kinds, believe that the suc­ chiefly as ornamental plants In the
cess of widespread co-operative mar­ towns and cities. This was disproved
keting may be endangered through a during the first year of the campaign
poorly conceived hope or expectation by the finding of 176,430 bushes on
that a hard and fast organization of 1,10»! rural properties. About 75.000
producers will make It possible to sell of these were scattered widely over
anything and evert thing at a prede­ 127 properties, showing that all coun­
termined price without regard to qual­ try bushes are not confined to the
ity or conditions. This Is a dangerous farmsteads, but had been spread to
attitude to assume.
woodland, pastures, stream banks, and
Men who Jiuve given close attention fence rows by the distribution of seeds
tQ ,he 8ubJe(.t ,lpc|ure tbat , hprp
a
by birds.
widespread feeling That it Is possible
With these facts In mind, the cam­
to revolutionize completely the entire paign was more vigorously pushed In
system of marketing and attain suc­ 1919. As soon as the survey of most
cess from the outset. This, of course, cities and villages was completed, a
is Impossible because It Is necessary fami-to-farra survey of certain definite
to build upon a solid foundation and areas was begun. The results In 1919
to work out the many problems In­ were as follows: 338,000 bushes were
volved carefully. Steady, substantial found on 14.100 city projiertles. while
and healthy growth tends to perma­ 1,790,000 bushes were found on 4,600
| nency and success.
farms. Of these last, 1,680.000 hushes
No one should believe that because were ones that had escaped from cul­
be Is a member of a certain co-opera­ tivation on 1,200 properties.
tive association, unusual prices are as­
During the calendar year 1920 ef-.
sured.
forts were concentrated upon the farm-
to-farm survey. A resurvey of cities
TO INSURE HEALTHY CALVES aiyt villages In the counties surveyed
was carried on at the same time. In
If Cow Does Not Receive Abundance Ohio seven counties along the western
of Palatable Feed, Weak, Puny
Calf Result*.
Poorly nourished cows give birth to
weak, puny calves which are hard to
raise. The feeding of the calf, there­
fore. begins before It Is born. The food
eletrent8 necessary for, the develop­
ment of the calf are taken Into the
stomach of the cow, digested, assimi­
lated and transmitted to the calf
through the umbilical cord, the con-
neciion between the mother and the
calf. It Is evident that If the cow
does not receive food enough to keep
herself In thrifty condition and at the
|
time develop her calf, say spe-
clalists of the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture, both she and the
calf must suffer.
In endeavoring to raise good, thrifty
calves many dairymen handicap them­
selves at the start by not properly
feeding the pregnant cows. Such cows
should have an abundance of palatable
and succulent or Juicy feed in order to
Insure good body flesh and healthy,
condition at calving time. The
ca| v e' wm then be well developed,
gtron< and gturdy. ami ready to ré­
( normally
prOper feed and
‘
_______ ________ __
nreal crops. Another branch of the
work bf thia office, which Is of equal
Importance In Increasln« production
of cereal crops. Is the development
nud Introduction of superior varieties
of strain which produce higher yields
In localities where they are especially
well adapted."or which have disease
,existant qualities. This work is
carried on in cooperation with the
various state experiment stations, and
Bureau of P lin t Industry Working |p many cases has made profitable
farming possible In sections In which
Out Preventive end Control M e**
agriculture was hazardous previous to
urea fo r Dieeeee* of Different
the Introduction of new croi>* or varle-
Cereal Cropo.
tie* particularly well suited to local
Prepared by the United States D ep art­ conditions.
Possible to Reduce Toll Much Be­
low Present Figures.
ment of Agriculture.
If all the wheat now destroyed an
Dually by peats could be saved and
made Into flour the United States Do
partment of Agriculture »ays It would
add approximately 29.463.7i*i barrel .
to the yearly output to the nation.
The annual production of wheat In
this country for the four-year period,
191« to 1919, Inclusive, was 783.849-
«00 bushel*. The annual loss front
disease during this period wa* 147,-
318.500 bushel*
While It I* not possible entirely to
eliminate wheat disease*. It le pos­
sible to reduce the toll much belo v
what It ha* been In recent year*. **'•
the department. One branch of the
work of the office of cereal lnvestlga
tlona In the bureau of plant Industry
1* to work out the preventive and con­
trol measures for the diseases vi Ail
The job of eradicating the common
>arberry has proved to be a much
more extensive one than was antici­
pated by the United States Depart­
ment of Agriculture at the outset of
the campaign in April, 1918. This
campaign was begun as a control
measure against the enormous losses
of grain from black-stem rust.
In
years of moderate rust epidemics, the
reduction in the yield of wheat glone
has amounted to 50,000,000 bushes,
while in 1916, the year of a very se­
vere epidemic, there was a reduction
in yield of 180,000,000 bushels In the
United States alone.
BIG VALUE OF COVER CROPS
Especially Valusbls to Small Garden,
e r t and Truckaters Who Cannot
Obtain Manure.
B e r n e s in
bunches hhe
C u rra n ts
alfalfa, middlings, rye. etc., are all
palatable and beneficial to Cows and
chicks alike—and so Is an occasional
mess of finely clip p ed silage.
Furthermore, the cows furnish one
of the best of foods for laying hens,
for milk Is a valuable egg food In any
form. One of the very best ways any
farmer can dispose of surplus milk
with profit Is to feed It to the hens,
or to growing young stock. It fur­
nishes Just the materials needed
for Improving growth of eggs —and does
It In a palatable, easily digested form
—hence It Is ur exceedingly valuable
product as an adjunct tn the grain
ration, which often lacks essential
elements.
HALdKV F N lb K i Rl^ti
Í A b li a
w hom Mate has h .
N a m a r re tu rn s to N ew S alem , too la te .
A Man for
the Ages
•
C H A P TE R X V III
T r a y lo r and H a r r y
N eedle* visit th * •’boom ” c ity o f C hicago,
w h ere B lm . now the m o th e r o f a son, 1*
liv in g w ith her pa ren ts
She has h e r
divorce.
H a r r y le a v e * fo r the Sem inole
war. A n unscrupulous, ric h speculator,
L ionel D a v l*. des ire * to m a r r y B itn. but
she repulses him.
CHAPTER XIX.
Whersin la Ona of the Many Private
Panics Which Followed the Buratlng
af the Bubble ef Speculatien.
A Story o f the Builder»
o f Democracy
Samson anil Harry saw the bursting
of the great bubble of '37. Late that
night. Disaster, loathsome and thou­
sand-legged. crept Into the little city.
It came on a steamer from the East
SHELTER TURKEYS IN WINTER
and hastened from home to home,
from tavern to tavern. Great hanks
Good Plan to Keep Fowl* in Sam*
hHd suspended payment. New York
Go* y right. Ir v lM B **h *il*r
House They Are Expected to U te
had suffered a panic; many large busi­
in Laying Season.
ness enterprises In the East had
SYNO PSIS.
failed ; certain agents for the bonds
It Is a Jjpxt plan to house the tur­
of Illinois had absconded with .the
C
H
A
P
T
E
R
1
-S
a
m
a
v
n
and
ha
rah
T
r
a
y
­
keys during the winter months where
state’s money; In the big cities there
lor, w ith t h * ir tw o children . Joalah and
they are expected to lay during the
Beiaey, tra v e l by wagon H um Qielr home
had been an ominous d osing of doors
laying season. A straw barn makes a In Vergennes, V t .. to the W e lt, the land and turning of locks; a great army
of plen ty. T h e ir d estinatio n Is the C oun­
Mery desirable shelter for turkeys dur­ try of the Sangam on. In Illin o is .
of men were out of employment. The
ing the winter season and. being little
little city was In a freuzy of excitement.
C I1 A P T 1 R 11.—A t N ia g a ra F a ll« they
used In the spring and early summer, meet
a p a rty o f im m ig ra n t*, am ong them
1 lie streets were filled with » shout­
makes a very suitable place for the a youth nam ed John M c N e il, w ho aleo ing. half-crazed throng. New fortunes
to go to the Sangam on country.
turkeys to lay and brood In. A little decides
AJI of the p a rty suffer from fever and
had shrunk to Bothlng and less than
forethought may prevent the turkey ague S arah 's m in is tra tio n * save the life nothing In a night. Lots In the d ty
a youth , H a r r y Needles. In the last
hen fro m stealing her neat away In of
•tagt-s o f fever, and he accompanies the
were offered for a tithe of what their
T r a y lo r * . T h *y reach N * w halem , Illin o is
the spring.
market value had been. Davis had
and a r * welcom ed by young “ A b e ” U n
known that the storm would arrive
coin.
A Belated Moral,
with the first steamer and In the
Traylor*
C H A P T E R H I -A m o n g the
__ ________
The moral In the, story shout the ft ret
slang of business had put on a life-
‘
a cq u a in ta n c e * a r * U n i c o ln ' ’* - friends
prodlgul son and fatted calf Is that Jack K elso and hla p re tty d a u g h te r B lm , preserver.
Samson knew that the
,
the calf didn’t get a square deal. The II y e a r* o f age.
time to buy was when every one
call had been very decent, but was
C H A P T E R I V -S am son decide* to lo­
wanted to sell. He bought tw o corner
at N * w Salem , an d begin* b u ild ing
killed In honor of the son whose life cate
lots tn the city and two acre« on the
h l* hou*«
Led by Jack
A rm s tro n g
was a riot. Atchison Olobe.
rowdies a tte m p t to break up the proceed
prairie half a mile from town. They
Inge U n c o ln thrash es A rm s tro n g Young
got their deeds and went to the Kel-
H a r r y N *e d lee s trik e * ba p M c N o ll. or i
the A rm s tro n g crow d, and M c N o ll th r e a t­
sos to bid them good-by.
e n * vengeance.
After hearty farewells Samson and
Harry set out for their home. They
C H A P T E R V .—A few days fe to r H a r r y ,
alone, le attac k e d by M c N o ll and h l*
were not again to see the gentle face
gang, and would have been ro u g h ly used
had not B lm driven off h l* a s s a ila n t* w ith , and hear the pleasant tulk of Jack
a shotgun
John M c N o ll, the T ra y lo rs '
Kelso. He had once said. In the pres­
N ia g a ra F a lls a cq uaintance, I* m a rk e d ly ,
ence of Samson,, that It Is welt to
a tte n tiv e to Ann R utledg e. U n c o ln 1* In
All work d o n e p rom p tly
love w ith Ann but h a * n *v o r had enough
remember, always, that things cun not
courage to tell her so.
-esson abl V. P h on e No. 2Ö9.
go on with us ns they are. Changes
o
C H A P T E R V I. — T r a y lo r h e lp * tw
vww
come—slowly and quite according to
slaves, who had run a w a y from fit lx>ula,
our calculations, or so swiftly and
to escape
E llp h a le t Biggs, ow ner o f the
slaves, fo llo w in g them , a tte m p ts to beat
unexpectedly that they fill us with
up T r a y lo r and in a ftgh t has hio a rm
confusion. Learned and wise In the
broken.
G L A S S E S F IT T E D
weighty problems of huinnnlty he had
C H A P T E R V I I . —W a itin g fo r h l* a rm
BY
little prudence in regulating the af­
to heal
B ig g * m e e t* B lm K el*o . w ith
whom H a r r y N eedle* h a * fa lle n In lo v *
fairs of his own family.
GRADUATE
Biggs a *k a fo r B lm * band, but her
K elso had put every dollar he had
O P T O M E T R IS T
fa th e r refu *^» h l* c o n **n t.
B ig g * r e ­
and some that he hoped to have Into
tu r n * to St Goul*.
P R IV A T E O F F IC E
land. Blm, who had been teaching In
CHAPTER
V I I I . —B lm
confee*e*
to
one of the schools, had Invested all
F O R E X A M IN A T IO N S
H a r r y th a t * h * lo ve* Biggs, end t h *
youth 1* disconsolate. U n c o ln decide* to | her savings In a dream city on the
seek a seat In t h * le g isla tu re . H e and
P R IC E S R E A S O N A B L E
shore of an unconst meted canul.
H a r r y vo lu n te er fo r the B la ck H a w k w a r,
and leave N ew Salem .
Like many who had no experience
with such phenomena they underesti­
C H A P T E R I X . - B i g g * com e* back to
th * v illa g e and he a nd B lm elope H a r r y
mated the seriousness of the panic.
learns o f i t on hie w a y hom e fro m the
They thought that, tn a week or so.
"w a r ”
L incoln 's a dvice and philosophy
auataln him In h l* g rie f.
Its effect would pass and that Illinois
would then resume Its triumphal
C H A P T E R X .- U n c o l n , defeated In h l*
c a n d lle c y fo r the le g lela tu re . fo rm * *
march toward Its high destiny. Not
p a rtn e rs h ip w ith “ B ill” B e rry In th *
even Samson Traylor had a correct
g ro tc ry bualnea*
B ig g * send* * gang to
burn T r a y lo r '* house, b u t the N ew Salem
notion of the slowness of Time.
m *n are w arned and th * raid e rs worsted.
The effect of the panic paralysed
CHAPTER
X I —L in c o ln ,
now
post­
the city. Men whose “red-dog money"
m as te r, decide* to ru n a g a in fo r the
was In every one’s poidoet closed their
le g is la tu re
Ann R u tle d g e I* openly In
shops and ran away. T h e wild adven­
love w ith John M c N e il.
H e le a v e* fo r
h l* home In the E a * t. prom ising to r e ­
turers cleared out. Their character
tu rn soon and m a rry A nn.
U n c o ln a c ­
may he judged by the words o f one
cep t* h l* d efeat m a n fu lly . N o w o rd com ­
ing from M c N e il. A n n c o n fe **e * to Abe
of them reported by the editor of the
th a t hla rea l nam e la M c N a m a r. and hei
fears th a t he w ill not re tu rn
U n c o ln
Deinoerat:
in h l* deep love e n d e a v o r* to reaaeure
“I fulled for a hundred thousand
h *r, though he
dollars and could have fulled for a
U n c o ln wlr in* h l* seat In th * legislatu re
million, If Jarkson had kept hla hands
C H A P T E R X I I —A n n h e a r* from M e
N a m a r. but h l* le tte r I* cold and she I*
off.’
convinced he doe* not love her. Hhe tells
Hard times hung like a cloud over
Abe o f h e r doubt, and he confess** hl*
the city. Its population suffered some
love and a sk * h e r to in a rry him
Ann
d e c la re * she doe* Dot yet love hlin. hut
dlminlshment In the next two years, In
w
ill try
tr y to. W
ith th
a t promise
prom ise U
Un
c o ln
will
With
that
ncoln
..................
>,i<rh
sats out fo r V a n d a lia and hla legislative
spite of Its position oil the main high
duties.
] way of tra(|e. Dream cities, canal»
and railroads built without hands be­
C H A P T E R X lll.-In a p lr a fi by Elijah
L o v e jo y . T r a y lo r a rra n g e s on hla fa rm a
came part of the poetry of American
h id in g placa fo r ru n a w a y «lavas, a sta­
commerce.
tion on th a "U n d e rg ro u n d R ailro a d ."
That autumn, men and women who
C H A P T E R X I V —A nn agro«« to m a rry
had come to Mrs. Klnzle's party In
Abe but her h e a lth Is wracked. Th ra a
ru n a w a y slaves seek T ra y lo r'« help In
Jewels and In purple and fine linen
earn ping. T b a y belong to Higgs and he
rom ea In pu rsuit o f them .
T b ra a le n a d
bad left or turned their bands to hard
G p t o m
e t r i s t .
w ith a rre s t for In c itin g tha raid on T r a y ­
labor The Kelsos suffered real dis­
lo r. ha fle e , Ona o f the fu g itiv e « la H u n
in disguise
fiha haa 6 «d from her hus­
tress, the schools being closed and the
1
A L B A N Y O A /A
band's c ru e lty
head Of the house having taken to his
bed with Illness. Blm went to work
C H A P T E R X V - D y i n g . Ann R ulled ga
H arold A lb ro .
r a i l ’ fo r Aba. and he bid« her fa re w e ll
as a seamstress, snd wtth the help of
a t liar bedalde
F o llo w in g her demise a
M anufacturing o ptcia n.
Mrs. Klnzle and Mrs Hubbard was
s ettled aadneaa descends on him
Ila la
ne longer "A b e ." but ’ A b ra h a m Lincoln
able to keep the family from want.
C H A P T E R X V I —O vercom ing hla dea-
The nursing and thy care of the baby
pendency U n c o ln retu rn « to hla w ork.
aoon broke the health of Mrs. Kelso,
A bolitio n sen tim ent 1« c ry s ta lla ln g and
be th ro w « h lm a e lf In to the m o v e m e n t
never « strong woman. Blm camé
home from her work one evening and
CHAPTER
X V I I . —T r a y lo r
eella
hla
W IL D E Y LODGE NO. «6.
fa rm and move« to Springfield Lincoln
her motner III.
Regular m eeting next Saturday plans to secure a divorce fo r Rim In found
’Cheer up, my daughter." aald Jack,
qrd e r th a t she m av m a rry H a m >:-vUca,
night.
“ A ll old friend of ours has returned
to the city. He Is a rich man—an
oasis Io the desert of poverty. He
ba* loaned me a hundred dollars In
__ coin.”
rood
"Who hss done thlsT’ Blm asked.
"Mr. Lionel Davis.”
"We must not tske his money,” said
Blm.
"I had a long talk with him,” Kela«f
I um
went on. “He has explained that un­
fortunate Incident of the horse. It
wss a bit of offhand folly born^pf an
■nxlou* moment."
’ But the man wants to marry me.”
"He said nothing o f such a pur­
By Irving Bachelier
F. M. GRAY,
Drayman.
Shell Rimmed Glasses
are comfortable to wear
and distinctive in ap­
pearance.
We handle
them in all the latest
styles.
S p in e s u su ally
in th re e »
E d ge o f l e a f
bpm y toothed
^¿>lTlecuk
Common Barberry.
border were completed; In Indiana W
counties: In Michigan five counties;
In Illinois three counties; In Wiscon­
sin four; In Iowa 17. In the northwest
portion of the state; In Minnesota
the equivalent of 15 counties In the
southwest portion of the state; In
Nebraska the equivalent of 16 In the
eastern part of the state; In South
Dakota nine along the eastern border;
In North Dakota ten In the eastern
portion of the state.
Many Bushes Removed.
In the entire campaign of three field
seasons a total of 5,444.000 bushes
have been found and 4.230,000 re­
moved. Included with these, In so far
as estimates were furnished, *re hun­
dreds of thousands of hushes removed
from commercial nurseries during the
early pari of the campaign
The
larger numbers were about 600,000 for
M'noesota. 500.000 for Iowa. 200.000
for Wisconsin, and 75.000 for Ohio
Of the 1.214 000 remaining bushes
about 1.000.000 are seedling hushes
less than 18 Inches In height In a
single area In southern Wisconsin
The work for the field season of 1921
Is to continue the farm-to-farm sur
vey In as many counties as possible
adjacent to those already completed
I. O. 0 . F.
H U N T I N G S E A S O N is here anti every­
body is trying to gist a bird, but many are
getting skunked.
So will the farmer that ban not the proper tools
to put
fall crop in with. You can get
them at the G. W. Mornhinweg Implement rtt<>re
1 Clipper Fanning Mill, in first-class shape, for
sale. Have you a good milch cow to trade
for new jnachinery ?
pose.”
’ G. W. Mornhinweg Implement Store
POULTRY AND DAIRY PROFITS
MAYBERRY &
M c K inney
“ X’
l iv e S T O C K B U Y E R S
Cover crops are of especial value to
small gardeners and truckaters, who One of Very B**t Ways Farmer Can
often find tt both difficult snd expen
Dispose of Surplus M ilk I t to
live to obtain stable manure They
Feed It to Fowls'.
add the humus which Is so necessary
to maintain a good physical condition
The •lalryman (or the farmer who
of the soil. Wherever there Is a vacant n in e a small dairy In connection with
place in the garden a few seeds of rye. his farm) Is In an enviable position
vetch ¿lover, etc., may be sown and
raked Tn If ■ «•¡’■ble rotation of
crops .a followed all parts of the gar­
High” ' r d w . y i k
den may be covered with a green ma­
u r e crop once every two or three egy pcxiu'-wnh Euc.JS»t!£ £ M !® TS l!'before you mj II.
S
X
'»■
p' " ‘ - v “ ' ■»’’
phono 179.
e”
“ •
BrowniTtlls phone 3 ic ^ l.
"He will be In no hurry about thnt,”
said Blm. "He I» a shrewd operator.
Every one hates him. They say that
he knew what was coming when be
sold out.”
Thst evening Blm wrote a long let­
ter to Samson Traylor, telling him
of the evil days which had come to
them. Thl» letter, now tn poaxesslon
of a great grandson of Samson and
Snrsh Traylor, had a singular history.
It reached the man to whom It w sa
addressed tn the summer of 1844. It
was found with many others that sum­
mer In Tazewell county under s barn
which Its owner was removing. It
brought to mind the robbery of th«
stage from Chicago, south of the syca-|
I mor* woodat
tb* autumn of '®7, bl