East Oregon herald. (Burns, Grant County, Or.) 1887-1896, May 17, 1890, Image 3

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    *REA1>¥! PILL If BANG.
I
The Proper Equipment fur a Club of Be-
gtnner» at Trap shooting A Sport
Growing More Cupular
Every Year.
■
8, though Held.
field.
Trapshooting
is
exactly Trap
shooting with artificial birds
birdsis
o v mi ri c i
anm'fa xrof
legap. . one of th« least expensive
sports,
yet
most enjoyable. So many
urexpeM one °t
hisovt-j inipro||b i©nts
‘
have been made recently
manufacture
of clay pigeons that
is prae in the ®
anl
men «3
natural 1 action of the bird is now
forty. simulated with remarkable fidelity and
ble us • practiceiat the inanimate birds is con-
»it, or:' 3^2^Hust as good for the marksman
as though he were shooting at live pig­
-
>g else 31 eons. A great many clubs use the arti­
nptioiul ficial birds exclusively, the most prom­
■ard bi-: inent in the East being the German
ry thittI Gun Club of New York, and the South-
in erenl aide Club, of N' a - N.J. The favor­
lenwtliJ ite birdsLare the Liguwsky clay pigeon,
with clay tongue; “the Bat” which may
men
be thrown from a clay pigeon trap or a
ntyof
ition if J regular [bat trap; the American clay
bird, which is exceedingly hard to hit,
Uly U./I
s that ttu8 but wheji hit is easily broken, and the
Standard and Keystone, both of which
ire
are facsimiles of the blue rock pigeon.
n.”-M One of the birds formerly used had a
paper tongue; but it was found that in
• NOWlU wet weather this would become limp
and refuse to work. The most reliable
TH.
M the s
o the
i of its I
iicts of
e case oi
th the fa
;x posed i
the M
i treme»
r materii^^^^
a forceJ&H
of th? a el’»'
I very on-.»
hich c»* 3
‘•r side L:
keeper'®
or thesepújBB
ns sprung y 1 lMt Carver's Unique Pose.
lome and J 1. The Approved Position.
8. The flurlinghum's Position.
lion of the have a clay or a wooden tongue, The
x posed» best clay pigeons, when bought in quan­
be thed tities for the use of clubs, cost about
ractingta two cents each.
•Here, sen
In »ni" recent big matches shot in
1 fluence o'« this neighborhood the birds cost an av-
jus powel
erage^bf two dollars apiece, and in a
leat of tbeffl
mate Hi .’between Dr. Knapp and Major
duetotbrS Floyd Jones not long ago several bun­
lmost eu drc.l Wfll
fl» were killed, costing a dollar
’•
tx-hBT fbe pigeons for these contests
nsionof« i
_y -y
come
from different parts of the coun-
ul lower. try,
the best are from Baltimore,
rytoa« where the famous blue rock breed is
1 ;lni1
raised. The blue rock is a small
............
bird;
i the praa
-bard, firm and Heavy for its size. A
and casft
casa.f great tnuny gunners who have not had
and
r in the Is much Bxperience in live-bird shooting
>m of horj J make pie mistake of selecting big birds
nquestionfl under Rhe impression that they are the
in very
strongestit and the fastest flyers. Ex-
in getting! perts, however, will pick out, the small.
ie boiler firm bir<l as they know by experience
that th< will fly faster and are in every
o often«! J way bett< r suited for the traps.
it is necm j 1B •&<" ting either at live or artificial
it care ioy| birds a good deal depends upon the
or those 'Jja weather.
Windy weather has an effect
J lowed»« both on the flight of the live birds and
e raised: ? the artificial ones. If the day be hard
nd the te. \ and ©obi and pretty windy, the live
vater, so • :’1 birds get up wilder and the clay ones
rature ma; ■ | naturally sail faster with the wind.
a boiler* All maU lies at artificial birds are shot
ed. The^ from three or five traps set level, five
s, ofturnix yards apart in the segment of a circle
the boilfi? or in a straight line and numbered con-
tbetoo*d aecutfively. These traps should throw
1 the furrgthe
fund) the Mis
bird ’ from forty to sixty yards. The
open, «flpulltr»
or d puller stands six feet behind the shooter
tat willfll and puli'- at the latter’s command. If
boiler ter he pulls
poll-' too early, the marksman can
the heatbtj refuse [th- bird and he is then entitled
In single bird shooting,
1 and duriig to another.
gulated according to tho
lerate and-] the rfe<
red ta-s| gun uied and runs from thirteen to
eighteen yards: in doubles it is from
eleven
- xteen
yards.
With
singles, one barrel only is loaded at a
Proceed*
»was in M»3- time.
PcMtlion has a good deal to do with
t nor the #
n such »q success
wedding«J mark sum all except the National
' sSSOCita•
may assume any
jre on
standir
funerah1- find
st of those of his own choice
e chnrel*^BHfful an^ ineffective.
Th.
lra
Pai
joured os:
of his bun almost resting on his right
«y were
|p and
arreIs raised to an angle
here
aney, «h
jrd.
u.
Bogflr! s invariably held bis gun be-
rong. »•«
1 ¡the
FiMUj
raised,
wr. Hk
rules. I Dr. Carver’s t*ose is unique« His
bis
.be corp*
object
• little 4
ile in * j
en bj ’M
uestn *4
lir
.■virsit*’j
fo-inij
i.-S-T-l
Francotte gun, the Scott, Greener, Wes­
ley and Richards are widely used.
These guns cost all the way from nino-
[coPVHKiirrzD !■«).)
For the busy man who lov. s the sound
of a gunfyet w bo can only indulge in
a »hooting excursion once or twice a
year in tSo- season, it is .a standing re­
gret that li is lack of practice between
r.-aaoixa ants ids hand out of trim for the
bird, H>- finds that he is by no means
a» good a shot at the opening of the
aeason aa he was at the close of the pre­
vious yeir and it tikes very nearly his
whole htB.day to regain his old skill.
But this'is all being rapidly changed.
Trap shcioi ing, which has taken hold of
the public fancy to a very large extent
rack©.! in recen| years, affords the opportunity
ilkid for practice so greatly desired, and if
of an J the sportsman is lucky enough to be a
momberpf a club, he can have all the
It uj__________
tith a/ practice no
h wants at little loss of time
and small cost. He has the satisfaction,
if upd too, when he takes his holiday, of find-
!‘rd or ing himfrelf no longer awkward and
matt J blundering with the gun. IIis hand
other j| and eye ire quick, his aim is true and
we cut J h* I mmu J u to hold his own with other
18 BDdJ competitors in the hunting-field.
CUBtoJ ^rap Shooting was, until a few years
table J ago, confined almost woolly to profes­
«tilt J sionals, and very few amateurs were
‘ward J skillful enough to be ranked as experts.
vo and J Now, however, there are clubs in every
big city, and some of the amateur sports-
wanted!
men would
not make at all a bad showing
; .men
wui
even by th© side of such distinguished
shots as Bogardus, Dr. Carver and other
V. rx ♦ trap
■••in u and
nil hunting-
i i 11 n 11 ii • r_
he had J noted fflns of ♦ the
id Con
a variety of guns, differing widely as
•‘A LITTLE NONSENSE. *
A
LAMENTABLE
FACT.
to weight and bore, have about conclud­
----------------
Ileruy of Sound Literary Tasts
—She—“I wish the car would come The Ku phi In
ed that the lighter the gun the bettor.
the United Stat.-«.
Live and Clay Pitreen Shooting and The day of heavy-weight guns for trap along.” Ho—“I thought you liked
There was never a time uhen so many
E >-v Experts Do It.
or wing shooting has passed away. The walking best; in fact, you said so.” She books were published iu the English lan­
—“Oh, that was before we bad the oys­
1.
8.
3.
4.
Clay Pigeon Trap.
‘ The Bat.”
Pigeon with Clay Tongue
Old Style Clay Bird.
|
teen to five hundred dollars. A good,
hard-hitting gun with Damascus steel
barrels, English walnut stock, check­
ered aud engraved, can be bought for
fifty dollars and upward.
In loading for trap shooting, to" a
twelve-guage gun.three drams of powder
and two wads are put back of one or
one and one-eighth ounces of No. «, 8
or 10 chilled shot, according to wind and
distance.
i Ender the rules of the National and
American Association which have been
revised within the last few weeks any
I weight gun is permissible, but it must
not be over ten-bore in calibre. The
powder charge is unlimited and the
charge of shot for ten-bore guns is fixed
atone and one-quarter ounces.
Each
contestant must shoot at three or more
birds before leaving the score.
In
doubles both traps are sprung simul­
taneously and each contestant shoots at
three pairs, firing at two birds while
both are in the air. When the traps are
set in a straight line, instead of in the
segment of a circle, a rapid-firing sys­
i tem is used, the traps are screened and
numbered and the marksman stands op­
posite the first trap, shoots his bird and
then passes on to the right shooting
from the successive traps till he reaches
the end of his score. For live birds the
boundaries for both singles and doubles
are fixed as the segment of a fifty-yard
circle and a dead-line where the marks­
man stands.
The rise for 10-bore guns is thirty
yards, for 12-bore twenty-eight yards,
for 14 and 16-bore twenty-six yards. The
rule as to ammunition is the same as for
clay birds. There are clubs in a num­
ber of States affiliated with the Amer­
ican Association, and all shoot under
the rules quoted.
The organization of a trap shooting
club is not a very expensive affair.
The best way for a company of ama­
teurs to proceed about it is as follows:
Let them first secure their ground and
then buy three traps for clay birds,
which will cost them about two dollars.
These traps can throw any kind of
artificial bird, and are easily changed
to shoot in all directions. A first-class
afternoon’s sport at the clays won’t cost
the members over twro dollars each, al­
lowing them forty shots apiece. They
should dig a pit on the ground about
three or four feet deep, and protect it
by a screen for the use of the men who
set the traps.
If they want to kill
live birds a trap can be made very
cheaply by any carpenter. It is a box­
shaped device, ten by eight inches long
and seven inches deep, and can be
either of wood or metal.
It should be painted green, which
color does not distract the eye of the
marksman. The trap is secured in place
by two iron pins driven through the
bottom and into the ground. It consists
of six pieces held together by hinges
and so arranged that when sprung to
release the pigeon the top and sides,
front and rear, shall fall outward, leav­
ters.”—Munsey’s Weekly.
—With the Parental Blessing.—Mr.
Stickney—“I have come, Mr. Henpeck,
to ask for the hand of your daughter.”
Mr. Henpeck—“Bless you, my boy, take
her; and may the Lord have mercy upon
your soul.”—Time.
—Jaggs—“I think I am entitled to a
pension.”
Pension Agent—“What is
your claim?” Jaggs—“\ 11, my feel­
ings were hurt by several people calling
me a coward because I wouldn't enlist.”
—Philadelphia Inquirer.
—Mrs. Gadd—“That new family next
door to you must be pretty well off;
they’ve got a planer.” Mrs. Gabb—
“Huh! They don’t own it; it’s rented.”
‘.‘How d’ye know?” “By the way they
bang on it.”—Philadelphia Record.
—“Can you tell me where 1’11 find the
Senator?” said the wife of a prominent
servant of the public to a page at the
japitol. “Yes, ma’am; he is in the ante­
room,” “Dear! dear! That man seems
to think of nothing but cards.”—Wash­
ington Post
—“You look as if you had been kissed
by a breeze from the Wild North Land,”
said a poetic young iauy to a pretty
triend, whose cheeks were glowing with
color. “O no!” was th© laughing reply;
“it was only a soft heir from Montreal.”
—N. Y. Ledger.
—Righteously
Indignant — Barber
(suggestively)—“Your hair is very dry
and harsh, sir.” Customer (wrathfully)
“And one of your ears is a good deal
bigger than the other, but you don’t like
to have people twitting you of it, do
you?”—Chicago Tribune.
—Minnie—“What made you speak to
that poor beggar so sharply? Perhaps
she was really deserving of help.”
Mamie—“Maybe she was, but she inter­
rupted me just as 1 was having a good
cry over the poor girl in my novel dying
on the rich man’s doorstep.”—Terr©
Haute Express.
—“Do you think your sister likes to
have me come here, Jamey?” “You bet
You take her to the the-a-ter and bring
her candies.” “I am glad I can make
her happy.” “Yes, and the young feller
what she’s engaged to don’t mind it
either, for it saveshim that much money
toward going to housekeeping.”—Life.
—A Pertinent Question.—A Texas
clergyman, who ata former period of his
life had gambled a little, was absorbed
in thought just before divine services
began, lie was approached by the or­
ganist, who whispered, referring to the
opening hymn: “What shall I play?”
“What kind of a hand have you got?” re­
sponded the absent-minded clergyman.
—Texas Siftings.
—A Strike.—Paterfamilias was giving
Johnny Freshleigh. ’93, some wholesome
advice on the nia’ny opportunities that
were to be had at college, and that he
ought to make the most of them, quot­
ing, as a final word, the maxim of Crom­
well: “Not only strike while the iron
is hot, but make it hot by striking.”
A^id then Johnny struck his father for a
cool hundred, not only making the metal
hot, but his father too.—Harvard Lam­
poon.
A THOUGHTFUL WIFE.
SSie Gets Up a I’leaaant Surprise for Her
Over-Worked Husband.
Wife (with solicitude of tone)—It
must be very lonesome sitting all by
yourself at night, John, balancing) your
books, John.
Husband (tenderly)—It is, my darling.
W.—I have been thinking about it for
some time, and now I have got a pleas­
ant surprise for you.
H.—A pleasant surprise?
W.—Yes, dearest. I sent for mother
yesterday and I expect her this evening.
I mean to have her stay with us quite
awhile. She will take care of the house
at night and look after the children,
and I can go down and sit in the office
with you while you work.
H.—The dev----- that is to say, 1
couldn’t think of you going down-town.
W.—It’s my duty, dearest. I ought to
have thought of it before, but it never
came to my mind till yesterday. O,
John, forgive me for not thinking of
your comfort sooner. But I will go and
sit with you to-night.
H.—To-night! Why I—I—the fact is,
I got through with my books last nigh t.
W — You did? How delightful! And
you can now stay at home every even­
ing. I’m so glad!
And the delightful wife ran off to
mako preparations for the reception of
T1IX TBAP SHUT AND OPEN.
her mother, while the husband with
somber brow sat looking at the picture
ing the whole affair flat on the ground. in the glowing grate of a poker party
There is a lateral sliding door on the with one member absent.—Boston Cour
rear end, through which the bird is ad­ ier.
mitted, and the front is barred like a
MARRIAGE IN PERSIA.
coop. In the center of the trap is a
metal or wooden tongue, pivoted on a It is Held to Be a Shame for a Girl of Six­
spring, and to this tongue a red rag
teen to Be Unmarried.
i.s attached. To spring the trap the
Persia is, par excellence, the country
puller takes hold of a cord attached to a where marriage is made easy, especially
leather strap on top; a single tug re­ among the poor. For a mechanic, sol­
leases the fore-end of the top and as it dier, laborer or servant, is no more ex­
comes up. the sides and ends fall away pensive for a man to maintain a family
with a clatter. At the same instant the than to maintain himself. The few ar­
spring on the tongue is released and ticles of furniture required, the scanti­
the bird, startled by the noise and the ness of attire, the cheapness of the ma­
sight of the red rag, flies upward with terial used by the poor for clothing and
a rush.
the low price of their usual fare, such
In two cases lately brought by the as bread, fruit, mutton and chicken, all
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to tend to make it very inexpensive to sup­
Animals in Trenton and Philadelphia, port a family.
the decisions were in favor of the right
It is held a burning shame for a girl of
of the clubs to shoot live birds. A few sixteen not to be married, and old maids
of the States stilly prohibit pigeon shoot­ are practically unknown in Persia. One
ing. Connecticut being one of them; but of the many sisters of the Shah never
in New York, New Jersey, Pennsyl­ married, but she was for that reason
vania and in the West generally, the a source of wonderment to the people.
sport is allowed.
Love in our sense is unknown among
—Playwright—“How do you like my the Persians.
Bovs, if of good family, get a seeghay
new’ drama?” Friend—“I’m delighted
with it. The dialogue Is so natural, and often a couple of female slaves when
you know.” Playwright (with a blush but sixteen or seventeen years old.
of pleasure) — “O, you flatter me ” Young fellows will, also, if their fathers
Friend - “Not a bit of it. Your characters be influential, be appointed to a fat office
talk commonplace and bandy old jokes, when but half grown. Thus the son of
just the same as people do in real life. the present Minister of Foreign Affairs
You’ve made a great hit, an intensely 1 Mousheer-ed-Dowleh). when but four­
realistic one, 1 assure you.”—Boston teen and standing but five feet high, wa*
made Governor of Kaswin. an important
Transcript.
—The Worm Turned. — Mr. Bully Rag and flourishing province, and at that age
—“Now. sir. you have stated, under had already a small but select andoroun.
He was, it is true, more mature in
oath, that this man had the appearance
of a gentleman.
Will you be good body and mind than many an American
enough to tell the jury how a gentleman boy of eighteen, and he did not admin­
looks, in your estimation.”
Down­ ister affairs of the province worse than
trodden Witness—• Well, er—a gentle­ had his predecessor, a man of sixty.
man looks—er—like—er—.” Mr. Bully When full grown the young man takes
Ragg—“I don't want any of your era. sir; a legitimate wife, usually chosen among
and remember that you are on oath. his female cousins, and the seegbays
C^n you see any body in this court room (or “temporary wives’*) are then dis­
who looks like a gentleman?” Witness missed. but are often reinstated later
I
(with sudden asperity)—“I can if you'll on —Cor. London Times.
loft mo Is held perfectly straight, the
left hai> . grasping the barrel tar for­
ward ©nd the stock of the gun near but
taing the chest below the armpit.
Position officially adopted by the
al association and approved by
Bt clubs is to have the stock of
B held lightly below the armpit,
[higher than the elbow, the bar-
d to a level with the chin, the stand out of the way. You’re not trans­
ct and the feet squarely placed, parent.” —Pu ck.____________
B left foot advanced. This po
—A Boston sign bears the artless In­
Jis for the least change before
scription: “Cigars and cigarettes sold
is actually delivered.
•r important consideration is on ths Sabbath for medicinal purposes
Eastern «aperta, while using calf."
— Bright green colors are dangerous
when first put on. because poisons are
used in the coloring matter.
— Even the humblest toiler in the land
can resolve to live for a hire purpose.—
Washington Star
THE
FEMALE
DEMON.
A River Fiend Anciently Believed to Haunt
the St. I.awrence.
In a very entertaining article enti­
tled “Some Legends of the Old St.
guage as now. They come flying from Lawrence,” contained in the New En­
the presses of the great publishing gland Magazine, J. Macdonald Oxley
houses on both sides of the ocean in writes as follows:
such showers as to darken the literary
Retracing our course somewhat, and
heavens and to obscure for us the great doubling the Gaspe promontory, we find
lights set in the intellectual Armament ourselves in the Baie des Chaleurs,
for all men and for all time. It is also, whose entrance is guarded by the Island
of course, true that there was never so of Miscou. than which no other spot, not
much reading done. The messenger even Anticosti itself, ha.s borne a richer
boy carries a cheap novel in his pocket harvest of legend. Tales of marvelous
and snatches time to read it, and from monsters, and traditions of war, famine
this boy upward through the scale to the and shipwreck, and harrowing human
man of learning in his library, every suffering abound. Once it was a ven
one is a reader, each in his own way. prosperous fishing center, but that day
And what do all these people read? Bv has long since passed, and now’ only a
far the greater number of them might handful of Fr<‘nch Canadians eke out a
answer with Hamlet: “Words, words, miserable existence, aided by the har­
words,” for there is little else within vest of wild hay which grows upon vast
the covers of the worthless books which meadows daily overflowed by the tide.
form their mental sustenance.
According to Governor Deny, the island
It is a lamentable fact that the rank po.sensed in his time—that is two hun­
growth of cheap and ephemeral litera­ dred «>r more years ago—a notable
ture has not only crowded the classics natural wonder, which is th us described:
of the English tongue from the market, “A few hundred yards from the beach
but devot on to reading of the shallow there spurts from the briny sea a gush
and crude sort has perverted the public of fresh water as big as your two fists,
taste, dissipated the public mind, and which retains its freshness for a space
is giving us a generation which can not of twenty yards, without in any wist*
swallow or digest a wholesome literary blending with the surrounding salt
meal.
liquid, either at high or low tide. The
Nor is this confined to the less intelli­ Hshermen come there in boats to fill
gent and educated people. Our colleges their casks, and draw it up as if it were
and high schools fail to surround their from the reservoir of a fountain.” And
pupils with a literary atmosphere or— Mr. Lemoine, who is still with us, avers
save in the case y/ some individual that the truthfulness of the old Gover
whose natural bent is too pronounced to or’s narrative has been vouched for to
bo denied—to sefid into the world men him by seafaring folk frequenting those
and women of nice literary taste. A shores.
But the most famous and far-spread
story is told of the great Liszt that he once
took a pupil of rare promise and kept legends of Miscou are those connected
him playing an exercise month after with the Gougou, concerning which mys­
month. Occasionally the learner would terious monster we had better let its
mildly h'.nt at his desire for a change, first chronicler. Champlain, speak for
but Lizt only told him to be patient At himself, 1 translate the following from
last, at the end of three years, the mas­ his Voyages: “There is,” he says, “a
ter said: “You may go and need not wonderful thing here, well worthy of
come here again!” “Why? Have I of­ mention, which many of the natives
fended you?” asked the astonished and have assured mo is a fact, to-wit, that
distressed scholar. “No; but you play near the Baie des Chaleurs lies an
that exercise perfectly. That means island, upon which dwells a monster
that you can play any thing. I can with the form of a woman, but of dread­
teach you no more.”
ful appearance, and of such a stature
The story is apocryphal, but it teaches that the top of their masts would reach
a great lesson. All really broad and only to her waist. They describe her
comprehensive critical tast« in letters as being appalling. She has devoured
depends upon a knowledge of the mas­ many of their number, and continues to
terly works which furnish our only fixed do so. putting her victims when she has
standard. Put a school boy on a desert seized them in a huge pocket, which
island with only a copy of the Spectator: some, who Lave been so lucky as to es­
compel him to read this every day for cape from her dreadful clutches, de­
five years to avoid mental starvation, scribe as being big enough to hold one
and he will come out with a better of their vessels. This monster is con­
foundation upon which to build a lit­ stantly making horrible noises, and
erary education than his equally bright boars the name of Gougou. and when
fellow who has been at home reading the natives speak of her it is always
without direction or advice the books with bated breath and trembling lips.
from half a dozen circulating libraries. Yea. the Sieur I’revert de Saint Malo,
But the classics can not stand beside while on a search for mines, assures me
the “popular” books of the day. “Airy I that he passed so close to the lair of
Fairy Lillian” will easily drive “The this dreadful creature that he and all on
Scarlet Letter” from the field: “Ouida” is board the vessel heard the strange hiss-
far more than a match for Thackeray; ;ng noises she made, and thut the na­
Bellamy i.s a more acceptable philoso­ tives who were with him told him that
pher than Carlyle or Emerson, and so it was indeed the Gougou and were so ter­
goes until one pauses in glad surprise rified that they hid themselves wher­
when he sees any one with a copy of any ever they could, dreading least she had
worthy book in his hand.—Detroit Free come to bear them off. I am of opin­
ion.” continues Champlain, by wav of
Press.
judgment upon the evidence before him,
“that the island is the residence of some
GENESIS OF DEATH.
demon which takes delight in torment­
Complexity of Organization Fatal to the ing the people in that way.”
Perpetuation of the Organism.
From the dawn of life the structures
best adapted to ^surrounding conditions
have beep victors; whatever features
have preyed useful have been seized up­
on by natural selection and secured
dominance. The enormous mass of the ,
lower forms have persisted to this day, i
because the balance established between
them and their surroundings has re­
mained unaltered. But wherever the
balance between living things and their
surroundings »has been disturbed new
demands have been made upon them, to
which they responded, or, failing that re­
sponse, perished. Hence it is in the
first complexity of structure, the first
departure from simplicity, that the seeds
of death were sown. For that death be­
comes a necessity. S® far as its occur
rence by natural causes is concerned,
we know that a.s organisms get older
(although this applies more to animals
than to plants, in which the cells, as
they become liquified or converted into
wood, are overlaid with new cells) their
power of work and of renewal is lessened.
The cells which form the vital fabric of
tissues are worn by continual use; the
waste exceeds the repair, and death ulti­
mately ensues, “because a worn-out tis­
sue can not forever renew itself, and be­
cause a capacity for increase by means
of cell division is not everlasting, but
finite.” Why there should be this limit
to cell division we can not say. but it is
clear that with the modifications of or­
gans according to the work which they
discharge there results a subtler struc­
ture which is less easy to repair and is
shorter of duration. The one-celled or­
ganisms have found salvation in sim­
plicity. We are, therefore, driven to
the conclusion that since there is, prima
facie, no reason why growth should bo
limited or why function should come to
an end, death must have been brought
about by natural selection, which deter­
mines survival or extinction from the
standpoint of utility alone.
There
needs no showing that it is to the ad­
vantage of the species that individuals
should die. Their immortality would be
harmful all around: nay, impossible,
unless vigor remained unimpaired, and
the multiplication of offspring docs not
overtake the means of subsistence. “For
it is evident,” as Mr. Russell Wallace
remarks in a note which he has con­
tributed to Dr. Weismann’s essay, “that
when one or more individuals have pro­
vided a sufficient number of successors,
they themselves, as consumers of
nourishment in a constantly increasing
degree, are an injury to those successors.
Natural selection, therefore, weeds them
out, and in many cases favors such races
as die almost immediately after they
have left successors,” as, e. g , among
the male bee«, the drone perishing
while pairing, death being due to sud­
den, nervous shock.—American An-
—Jupiter, Fla., can boast of the most
intelligent mule on record. The ani­
mal is twenty-one years old. Every
night he proceeds to the life-saving sta­
tion. It is customary for the man on
watch to diM’harg»* bis coston signal (a
red light) when vessels come U k > near
the beach. The mule has “caught on”
to what this signal means. So every
night at eight o’clock the sailor’s four­
legged friend proceeds to walk the
beach, and if a vessel comes too near
the shore the mule, instead of a coston
signal, sends forth a nejgh that makes
night hideous. ‘ Port or starboard your
helm.” i.s t“e order on the ship, and
away sail the joP-/ tars in perfect safety
»nd with a grateful heart u* th® four­
legged patrolman.
HOUSEHOLD
BREVITIES.
—Two ounces of common tobacco
boiled in a gallon nf wata» rubbed
with a stiff brush, is used to renovate
old clothes. It is said to leave no smell.
Chicken Fricassee.—Cut the <• hick en
into pieces and boil it until tender in
just enough water to cover it, then drain
it and fry it brown in plenty of nice
butter. Remove it to a dish, th eken
the butter with flour and add the liquor
in the kettle, making a rich gravy. Ln y
some small slices of toasted bread in ihe
dsh with the chicken and pour the gravy
v. r all. after seasoning it to taste.
—To Corn Beef.—For < ne hundred
pounds of beef take twelve pounds rock
salt, one quart molasses, two ounces
saltpeter, three gallons of water and one
ounce of soda. Put. all together, boil,
and skim until clear, then dip in the
beef while the liquid is boiling. When
the beef is cool pack it closely. Let thr
brine become cold, then pour it over the
beef, add a small bag of salt and l
weight to keep the beef under the brine.
— Liver Pudding.—Take two nicely
cleaned hog's heads, two lights, two liv­
ers and the best parts of half a dozen
melts, half a dozen sweetbreads and
three or four kidneys split open. Soak
all in salt and water over night and boil
with two slices of salt pork the next
morning. When done add some of the
grease skimmed from the water in
which they were boiled and grind in a
sausage mill. Season with pepper, salt
and finely chopped onion, and press into
a mold. — Household.
— Oatmeal Bread.—Boil two teacupsful
of oatmeal as for porridge, and add a
teaspoonful salt, and when cool, half a
teacupfui molasses andthesame amount
of y ist. if the home-made is used, oi
half i small cake of compressed yeast:
stir in enough wheat flour to make the
hatter stiff as can well bo stirred with a
spoon. Place it in well greased bread­
pans, and set it in a warm place to rise,
as it must be very light lie fore it is
baked. Bake an hour and a quarter.
The above quantity will make two
loaves.
—Rice is almost a remedy in itself for
some kinds of sickness, as cholera and
bowel complaints. It makes easy work
for the digestive organs, and being so
nutritious it is valuable to both the sick
and the well. It is a <14**h of which on«
never becomes tired, and once a day is
not too often to place it before the fam­
ily. It would I m * advisable to one who
does not relish it to cultivate a taste for
this easily digest« d f«xxi. Its cheapness
s another merit and it bears a lucky
name, or it w’ould not be such an im­
portant accessory at every wadding.—
The Housekeeper.
—Apple Tarts. — Pare and cook very
tender a dozen sour apples. Mash fine
and pass the same through a sieve.
Beat smoothly together one and a half
teacupfuls of sugar, half a teacupful of
butter, the juice and grated rind of two
lemons, three well beaten eggs, or, if
eggs are plentiful, the yelks of six eggs,
then stir in the apple sauce. Line pans
with nice pastry. All with the mixture
and lake in a quick oven. Beat the
whites of the eggs stiff, add a little
sugar and spread it on the top of the pies
and return to oven a moment to brown.—
Orange J udd Farmer.
— Turn a man with bis face to the
walL If he is perfectly molded and
symmetrically made his chest will touch
the wall, bis nose will be four inches
away, his thighs flve inches and the end
of his toes three inch««»
FACTS ABOUT SHELLS.
THt
GREAT
NAPOLEON.
Wliure the « lioh-rst Varieties Uonie From
nml XX li it They Are Worth,
Why He Was Sent to St. Helena by the
ItritUh «»overnment.
There ar«» only a few people w ho know
any thing about the beauty of color and
form in shells, yet Ruskin ranks the
nacr«» of shell far above tho colors of
jewels excepting only the opal in its
native rock. Among rare shells the
thorny or porcupine clam, which is
found in nature in all variety of shados
from a rich crimson to a pale rose­
flushed white, and in pure white, is one
of the most expensive. Good specimens
in which all the spines aro perfect and
the color beautiful, shaded rich in the
shadow and delicate and tender in the
light, bring often $25. Smaller, loss
perfect shells are $5 and $8. Sea trum­
pets mottled in shades of brown are
sought after by collectors of curios and
fine specimens readily bring $30.
“Those strange-looking shells with
many horns are sea scorpions,” said a
shell dealer talkingof his wares, “these
little ones are spider shells. Tho num­
ber of horns varies with the place where
the shell is found. This ono you see
has only six horns while this has eight
and this on«» seven. They all came
from different location».
They aro
worth about SI each. This shell (hold­
ing up an exquisite crumpled shell) is a
niurex from the Mediterranean Ocean.
Wo have black and white, pure whit®
like this one, white touched with rose*
color, and crimson like this.” Ho took
up last a beautiful mu rex shaded in
rose-colors and bringing to mind the
roseate purpl«» dyes which tho Syrians
obtained from the liquids secreted by a
species of this mollusk.
“Such shells,” contirued the dealer,
“ar«» one and two dollars each, according
to their quality. This small whorled
3hell is a music shell; if you look at it
closely you will notice a very fair repro­
duction of a bar of music with notes.
This small shell is in the shape of a
harp and takes its name from that, and
this specimen is a tent shell; the black
and brown lines on its surface look
something like a field of tents. This
long-spiked shell is a pearl oyster from
the Mediterranean, and this is an olive
shell. This is an «»ar shell, the opening
singularly shaped like tho human ear.”
Tho dealer now displayed a number of
beautiful whorled flat shells of exquis­
ite mother-of-pearl. Some were cut out
and trac«?d near the opening in a pattern
resembling Honiton lace and mounted
on a piece of shell as a base. “These.”
he said, “are nautilus shells. They como
chiefly from the Indian Ocean and are
brongbt here by sailors, who sink the
rough shells in any decaying part of the
fruit that usually forms a portion of
their cargo, and this fruit acid is strong
enough to remove completely the out­
side coating that lies over its beautiful
mother-of-pearl. The ornamentation of
the shells is also done by tho sailors,
who cover the surface with pasto and
etch the patterns on and out with acids,
sometimes tracing out the air chambers
in the whorl.” Tho undecorated nau­
tilus-shell is generally preferred by col­
lectors of curios and makes a beautiful
hanging basket for a sunny window,
w’her«» its lovely iridescent colors can be
seen in their full beauty.
Beautiful conch or fountain shells are
also shown at tho shell store. From
the queen conch, which is shaded in tho
loveliest browns and copper rods, sholl
cameos are cut. There are also many
home-like, old-time cowry shells, which
recall the faint rose leaf fragrance of
old-fashioned parlors, where one or more
of these smooth usually mottled shells
always decoraU'.d the mantel shelf.
Therb is tho mailed liger cowry, trio
marbleized, and the serpentine cowry
and others called from their marking.
“Some of the sea snails in the Indian
Ocean produce the most beautiful mothor
of pearl, but after all,” said tho dealer,
“it is difficult to get good specimens of
shells in thi.s country, and we have to
pay high for them when wo get them.
London is the groat market for shells,
which ar«» brought there from Zanzibar,
Singapore and other ports under control
of the British Government. Very beau­
tiful shells are also sent from Mada­
gascar and all coasts of tho Indian Ocean
and from the Mediterranean.”—N. Y.
Tribune.
BRITISH INVESTMENTS.
After Waterloo and the dissolution of
the grand army Napoleon returned to
France. Tho storm of revolution was
already gathering: the tide of opposi­
tion to him had arisen and overflowed
France; his son had been passed overby
the Chamber of Representatives; his
own s«*rvices as General had been re­
fused; he had endeavored to escape tho
vigilance of the British cruisers that
guarded th«» coast, and finally he went
on board the Bellerophon and surren­
dered himself to the commander.
Captain Maitland. The groat, fallen
leader was informed that there were no
conditions to be mad«» in regard to the
surrender of Napoleon, but that he
should bo conveyed to England to be re­
ceived there in such manner as the
Prince Regent should deem expedient,
ile had written to the Prince Regent
from Rochefort that he had terminated
his career, and. “like Themistocles, I
come to seat myself at the hearth of
the British people. 1 place myself un­
der the protection of its laws, which I
claim from your Highness as tho most
powerful, the most constant and
the most generous of my enemies.”
The concurrent testimony of the
historians of th«» times is to tho effect
that Napoleon's life was in imminent
danger in France. Blucher had threat­
ened to execute him, and he gave him­
self up because there was nothing else
to do. No graver questions ever faced
a civilized nation than the disposition of
Napoleon and Jefferson Davis when
their public careers came to an end.
In Europe the experiment had been
tried of banishment, or rather restraint
to Elba, but that had failed. Europe
would never be at peace; its awful
slaughters on tho battlefields, by dis­
eas«», exposure, in all the ghastly forms
of war. would not cease unless the
cause were securely, permanently re­
strained; while to hold him beyond the
reach of activity in Europe would be to
imprison him. This was the condition,
these were tho reasons, that led the
British Government to decide to send
him to St. Helena. For this purpose
an act of Parliament was passed “for
the better detaining iu custody of Na­
poleon Bonaparte,” «nd another act
providing for the proper and special
government of the island of St. Helena.
Ih* was detained on the Bellerophon
until August 4 and then transferred to
th«» Northumberland, and on October
15 arrived in St. Holena, never to leave
it alive.—Chicago Inter-Ocean.
The Keault of Their Pouring Into tlie
United State*.
It is no wonder, then, with a constant,
aggregation of capital pouring in upon
Great Britain, with an inability to make
it yield a profit within her own domain
and, still further, tho impossibility of
finding any other country where it can
be so safely invested, she should turn
in th« dir«‘ction of tho United States,
which alone of all nations seems to
combine all tho elements of safety and
profit. From a list recently published
it appears that th«? amount of English
money which hasboen invested in indus­
trial enterprises in tho United States
has equaled, in th«» last two y(‘ars,
about $1.000,000 a week, amounting in
all to about $100,000,000. * * * It is
not difficult to «estimate th© ultimate
influences sot in motion by such a prac­
tical union of material interests Iwtween
the two gr« at English speaking nations
of the world. Mr. Gladstone, in his
Paris speech, ref«‘rring to tho produc­
tion that at the end of another hundred
years the population of this continent
may be 600,000,000, recognized “th«»
prospective and approaahing right of
America to be the great organ of th«»
powerful English tongue”; and. allud­
ing to th«* United States and Great
Britain, added these significant words,
that “there was no cause upon earth
that-should now or hereafter divide on«»
from tho other.” That the int« r< At of
mankind at large will be advanced by a
close bond of union between two great
Anglo-Saxon nations, noon«* can doubt,
and nothing will contribute mor«» cer­
tainly to this harmony than th«* mutual­
ity of interests which is certain to be
created by tho investment of British
oapital in American industrial enter-
prises.—Erastus Wiman, in North Amer­
ican Review.
l.ongevity <>» t.i> gii<«ti *tare<*mrn.
Disagreeable though the climate of
England may ap|»ear to the uninitiated,
yet it is apparently conducive to lon­
gevity. In addition to Mr. Gladstone,
whose mental and physical vigor at an
advanced old ag«» aro well known
throughout th«* world, there ar© some
nine or ten <M*tog«*nirian members of the
House of Commons. In the House of
Lords no less than thirty of th«* peers
a
loe. who is the father of the House,
being ninety-one. and th«* Earl of Alber-
marie, who fought as an ensign at
Waterloo, ninety years of a/»*. <>n th«*
active list of th© British Navy wc find
the name of Admiral Sir Provo Mallis,
of Hhannon. and ( hi-sapi-ake fain©, who
is now a Im ut to enter upolri his ninety-
ninth year, while on th © bench there
ar© no less than four ju'l;?<*s who have
r asH« d the air»* of fvr»*HCO re years. — N.
Y. Tribune.
CROWNED
AFTER
DEATH.
The Only Queen Who Never Knew Her
Royal Station.
There is no more remarkable page in
all history than the ono which tells of
the crowning of Inez de Castro’s flesh­
less skull as Queen of Portugal. She
had been married clandestinely to young
Dom Pedro, and was murdered three
years later by assassins instigated by
her father-in-law. When the young Dom
heard of her death ho was beside him-
stof with grief and rage. Two of t he
aAAassins fell into hi3 hands and suffered
terrible torture, which only ended by
their hearts being torn out while they
wore yet alive. When Pedro came to
the tbron«» a few years later he had the
hon«*s of Inez taken from th«» grave,
placed upon a magnificent throne, robed
in royal purple, and actually crowned
Queen of Portugal! The court was sum-
monod and com peled to do her
homage, just as if sft© were a real
living «/neon. One rfr'.-inn»ss nanu
held tho scepter and tho other the
orb of royalty. On the second night of
this weird ceremony the fleshless Queen
was born«» before a grand funeral cortege
extending* several miles, each person
holding a torch. Lying in her rich
robes, her crown upon her grinning
skull, in a chariot drawn by twenty
coal-black mules. Queen Inez, the only
Queen who never knew her royal sta­
tion, was driv«*n to the royal Abbey of
Alc.obaca, where the hones were interred
with as much pomp as though she had
di«*d but yesterday. Tho monument
erected to the Queen who was never a
t^ueen during lif«*, is still to bo seen in
t he abb«»- , standing near the one erected
to her royal husband, “Pedro, the Just.”
It is said that the whole cause of this
outrageous pr<>c<*«*<ling was an attempt
of Philip II. of Spain to secure the
throne on the grounds that the mar­
riage of Inez was illegal. These events
occurred during th«» three years follow­
ing January 1, 1317. the date of the mar­
riage of Pedro ami Inez.-
THEY LIVE "ON CREDIT.
How
Petty Ofllclals In R unr I m Swindle
TruMtluv Trade*.men.
Full four-fifths of the officials of St.
P«*t,«*rsburg recoivo less than $50 a
month. Most of them have a houseful
of children, and they must all spend
part of th«* year in town, where lodgings
and provisions are expensive. 1 have at
last got a clew to the mystery how they
manage it. It is all done on credit.
The creditof a petty official is practical­
ly inexhaustible. He and the majority
of his compeers live—at least in th«»
country—at the expense of credulous
tradesmen. Their spouses, especially,
ar«» born geniuses in this department of
industry.
“From the very beginning.” says a
well-known publicist, “they established
their household on a basis of fraud. In
their houses strangers are sure to Im
taken in. Every man, woman and child
who comes in contact with them is
plucked like an eider duck.”
Most of these p«*ople pay only half th«»
rent covenanted for, und some manage
to get their m«*als thrown in. The
tradesmen, who compete with each other
suicidally, wipe out their last year's
debts rather than run their heads into
now nooses.
The peddlors and bagmen, who ar©
continually strolling about those places
with their bags of wares on their backs,
are not too small fli«*s for the spiders’
webs woven by those “gentlemen.” Th«»
lady of th«» house or her worthy spoils«»
holds watch <»n the balcony, eagerly list­
ening for the cries of the itinerant
venders, who. having no books, g;ve
credit, and aro paid in promises.
Suddenly ’ho cry: “Children’s boots!
Children’s boots!” is wafted along, with
many less pleasant things, upon th«»
balmless breeze.
“Walk in here through the wicket to
the right,” cries th© landlady from her
porch. And th© victim walks in, shows
his wares, bargains, haggles and leaves
several pairs of boots.
And so a family of three, four or flve
persons manage to live in the country,
if not exactly on the fat of the land, yet
on tid-bits of whatever is in season, and
can afford to play cards with neighbors
and relations, and go to a concert or
private theatricals now and again.—$L
Petersburg Letter.