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A JONATHAN UA1M3 IIOOIC
(From tlio .Morning Post Literary
I'abo.)
Tho OrookH woro tlio first to cultl
vato athletics as jmrt of thu nrt of
living, and tho history of tholr onrun-
Izcd mootlugn oxtoncla over twelve Mows ami strut about, tho darl'iiKS
COIltUlroU. Tlio nlv'liuili ruirlutiip it rvi il... n I. ..i ...i.... .1.1..
..,.,.. ..... . , , tunll v vrilUlt ijiii HKU UlllIIUI
ttttuutlon to tho "lltornry Rent" when
lio IkikIiih (k'cliiliiiliiu nKalmit tho
'athletic craze" Still, nurlnlilo wuu
not far wroni; when ho expounded
tho usolosuions In nftor-llfn jf tho
Iirofusslonul (Irook nthlotivr "In
early itiauhooil tlioy ioom flno fol
contulrcs.
winners In tlio foot-raco, art drawn
up by Julius Afrlcanua and preserved
Intact by KiiBohlus, hcglns In 770 n.
c. (tho yoar of tho first Olympiad)
and koch on to 217 A. I). Tho Gothic
InvaaloiiB In tho Third Century of
our ora soom to havo put and oud to
tho Olympld Games iih a iiormnuont
Institution, but It wan not until 303
A. U. that Thcodoglus I probably
on tho ndvlco of Ht. AmbroHo, ahol
luhod tho famouH fostlval by Imperial
edict, tho last Olympic victor known
to hlHtory holm; n certain Armenian
Knight named Varaztad, a man or
sunorhunmu strength. Tho InnK llfo
of tho Olympic Festival Ih a strango
ly Impressive fact. showlmr iih how
liM worn-out clonks hiv aro flLiitt
i.iilu." Ho tho uuntotir spirit in
athletics passed from :lio ipNmlld
Htatuo-thronRod precinct of the Olym
pian Zeus to tho iilmplo exorcising
grounds In every Greek city, great or
small, where young men prcparod
themselvcH for tho one ludlspous'ihlo,
Inevitable sport warfare. War was
the rule, peace tho exceptional In tliu
llfo of anelent Greece, ami tho young
limn who wished to hold bin own In
tho crash of plumed and armoured
hoplltos had to bo an welltralued as
an International forward In HiiKby
football.
Hut what of the tochuluuo of
Greek athletics? our Information Is
social Institution may present iCalll Mlll, ,uorf0ct, frtuuately.
through a long series of great polit
ical changes. Home of tho chief
ovout lit tho modoru sportsman's
kalondar the Derby, the Cup Klnal,
tho Iloat Race, all of which are now
well rooted In may survive political
vicissitudes n yet unrire.iuuxl of, but
It Is dimcult to think of them as
flourishing In tho weird world of a
thousand years hence, when, In all
probability, all the physical activities
of mankind today will havo been en
trusted to IiikouIoub mechanisms.
At tho liolh'ht of Ita popularity the
Olympic Festival must have been a
sort of Greek Wombloy. Tho games
were to the ruling families of Klls
(writes Mr. K. A. Wright In a de
lightful little book on Greek Athlet
ics) what tho oracle was to tho rul
ing families or Delphi, a source of
honour, profit, and wealth, and every
ofTort was made to gloriry and em
bellish tho product or tho Olympian
Zeus. In the Altla, as It wan called
lt Is now a pasturage far goats
stood tho Templo of Zoiih. Iiuljl to
house the sitting statue of the god by
IMieldlan; tho Templo or Hera, one
or tho very oldest of Greek shrines;
tho Council Hoiiho; and tho Troasur
los of tho varloiiH States. The stad
ium, TAQ by 32 yards, whoro tho ath
letic contoats took place, was Just
outsldo tho precinct at tho north-east
corner. Tho spectators woro accom
modated on raised embankments or
earth (vory like tho torraros on our
football fields, no doubt), which
would provldo standing room for 15,
000 uion. Womon woro not nllowod
to bo present In any circumstances.
A victor had a right to havo n stntuo
of hlmsoir set up in tho Altls; and
so, ns Walter Pator Hays: "In tho
courts or Olyrnpla a wholo population
In marblo and bronzo gathored quick
ly a world or portraits, out or
which its tho purged and porfoctod
essonco, tho Ideal soul, or thorn,
merged tho Dlndumonus and tho
Discobolus." Tlio splondour or thoso
occasions is prosorvod, to shlno for
ovor, In Plndnr's vorso that Is all or
Hut. so far as Jumping and running
aro concerned, I havo no doubt what
ever thai a team of Vlctores l.udor
ii ni from our Public .Schools could
wipe tho rioor, so to speak, with a
bunch of Olympic victors. Tho Greeks
were a short-legged race, and not
well built for sprinting. To Judge by
vase-paintings, their methods of
starting with the feet done together
and finishing with the arum raised
nhovo their heads would cause them
to be outclassed In the 200 yards and
100 yards, If they could be set to
compete against modern sprinters
The Greek loug-dlstauco runners
seem to have been short, rather thick
set. fellows; tlioy were not unlike tho
Finns in build, and may havo had
gaud staying-power. Still, our lo'ug
loggsd, long-striding youngsters
uould havo beaten them, I feel suro.
over tlio three-mllo Olympic course.
Or hlirh' Jumping tlioy knew nothing
perhaps because, as .Mr. Wright
points out, there were no hedges In
Greece for soldiers to Jump dvor.
Their long Jumping was done witli
weights, very like our dumh-bulhi,
from a tuko-or Into a pit. They of
ten did more than 20 ft., but the
drift attributed to J'liayllus Is an
absurd exaggeration uuloss It was
dono downhill, like skl-Jumplug. No
doubt they were skillful throwers of
the Javelin and tho discus, but wo
may ho suro It was not tho throw It
soir, but thu harmonised modemouts
that led up to It, which were tho all
Important matters with a race that
made tho human body Its chief work
or art.
Tho (I rooks had a reasoned tech
nique both or wrestling and boxing,
and textbooks oxlstod in tho Ilolleu
Istlc porlod. Kvory district In Grooco
seems to have had ita own pocullar
rorm or wrostllng, Just as wo havo
our Cumberland and Westmorland,
I.unenshlro, and Cornish stylos. In
Greek boxing thoro was no ring, no
Interval botwoon rounds, no cJnssIrl
catlon according to wolghtH. JJoily
hittlng wan nogloctod, and a smash-
i !, niui uuftiuuiuti, null It HIIIQBII-
toltl and hlstorio wlno and riowors, Ing blow to tho raco sottlod most
sotting to song tho glory or whlto
plllared cities boy on d tho Aogonu
and Sicilian nonB, tho glittorlng speed
of whirlwind chnrlota, tho holy, nak
ed graco or tho Panhollonlc cham
pions, tho whlto, gloaming gods and
goddesaofl brought down from Olym
pus by tho nculptor's spoil to dwell
with mon and smllo on thorn olorn-
nlly.
Professionalism killed tho truo
Olympio spirit; tho withdrawal or
tho Spartans, who saw that tho spec
ialised athloto and tho crowd or
alackors choorlng him on woro uno-
loaa In war, marks tho fatal turning
contosts. Tho hoavlor tho man. tho
hottor his chanco; bo that champions
woro almost always hugo, moatfod
follows, oxcopt in tho oarllor days
whon tho soft wrappings usod to pro
toct tho hands hnd not yot dovolopod
into wonponn resombllng modorn
knucklo dilators. Tho description by
Thoocrltun of tho gront contost bo
twoon Amyous and Polydoucos is ovl
dontly tho work of nn export, who
can ontor into tho Toolings or tho
combatants nnd understand thd fns
clnatlon or n struggle botwoon a fast,
sclontiric boxer and a hugo rightor
who can moroly tnko and giro a
' " .- wiiu can moroiy tnuo and giro a
o!it. II l absard to pay to much punch. It in as good in Its way su
Morrow's fight In the Doll between
Lavengro and tho Flaming Tinman.
Hut the i'aukratlou or all-lu con
test must habu been tho most excit
ing of tho Olympic (Coutentn. Strict
rules were enforced by umpires, but
they seem to have been frequently
broken, lilting and ponging, for ex
ample, wore forbidden. Vet Alclbla
ileti used his tooth, and when his
opponent cried: "You blto like n
woman," ho replied (between mouth
ruts, apparently). "No, like a lion."
There in u picture on u cup in thu
liritlsh Museum In which one combat
ant has Inserted his finger into his
opponent's eyes, while tho umpire
rushes forward with uplifted rod.
You uero allowed, however, to kick
your man In tho stomach, to break or
dislocate his bonos, or even strangle
him. Pindar calls II "the fairest or
all contosts," and was a sound prep
aration no doubt, for the battle med
ley which was fought, or course, un
der what wo call bayonet rules. I
should like to see It revived, having
Joyous memories of all-lu fights long
ago out West.
All these games and field events
were intended to make men good
stuff for warfare, able to boast with
Archllochus, that lyrlo soldier
.My spear In bread, white kneaded
bread,
My npear's Ismartau wine,
My spear Is rood and drink and hod,
It makes thu whole world mine,
o
I'AU.M roiNTl'KH
(From Department or industrial
Journalism Oregon Agricultural Col
lego.) Special precautious aro uoroxsary
with early hatched chicks to prevent
leg weakness, according to (). A. C.
poultry authorities. Feeding raw egg
yolks, or pure cod liver oil ono pint
to 100 pounds or dry mash helps
to make up for the lack of oxerclso
and sunshine that later hatched
iwATt'itn at tiii: mhciitv
TIII.'ATUK I'HIDAV NIGHT
chicks get.
Fresh air for young chicks Is sec
oud in Importance only to bent, says
tho experiment station. Moisture
leaves tho chicks by way of tho lungn
which necessitates good ventilation
to insure a dry brooder house.
In planning tho program for the
planting of vegetables for market for
tho coming season, tho Oregon grow
er should be guided by general mar
hot domauds, tho oxporlment station
reports. As far as poHslble, investi
gations aro made as to tho crops
which aro most likely to bo success
fully sold.
Various counties la Orogou havo
recently adopted a planting program,
specializing In such crops as thu soil,
cllmato conditions and markets best
determine
Hot bed sashes nro not so expen
sive these days, hut that tho Oregon
gardener can woll n fiord to ubo thorn
In his gardening work, says tho ex
periment station. Good standard
thrco by nix foot Hashes already
glazed cost 2.r0. Under thoso it is
possible to grow many plants such
nr, cabbage, 018 to tho sash, at a dis
tance of two In oh os npart onch way.
Tho sashes nro inoxponslvo consider
ing thu length of sorvlce.
Successful poultrymen do not
overfocd tholr chicks. Young chlckn
need to oat ofton, but should not bo
allowed to fill tholr crops until tho
evening feeding, say station reports.
Overfeeding tends to limit tho exer
cise which Is likely to result in leg
weakness.
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