MtMk r CITY OF BURNS The Biggest City In The Biggest COUNTY OF HARNEY i The Biggett County In The ! Stole I County In The State Of Oregon I Of Oregon, Best In The Wett Jl u. VOL. XXVH BURNS, HARNEY COUNTY, OREGON, FEBRUARY 21, 1914 NO. 15 fhe ffliw$ PROFITABLE WEEK FOR HARNEY COUNTY MEN Agricultural Short Course Attended by Practical Farmers Who Show Their Appreciation by Interest and Close Attention to Instructors. Subjects Followed by Lively Discussions In point of interest ami at tendance the agricultural short course that ended today was a greater success than that of last year. In some ways last year exceeded, for instances, the evening attendance, as many town people took in the illustrat ed lectures, but this year there has been other things to demand the attention of a great many of the town people. The actual attendance of farm er! this year exceeds last year by nnire a lot. It is the class the instructers wish to reach i "students" were receptive and at once entered into the matter on a business-like way. As was the case last year there were several in the "primary" grade taking their first lessons in actual business-like farming and it was gratifying to note of the doubting ones as before. Every man who come to school came with the fixed conviction that he was going to learn some thing. He didn't come out of curiosity, but to get what benefit he could out of the course and and "' (liJ- they are well pleased result and encouraged. have been free to taki with the l The first subject fhe men Prof. Hyslop was the composi- part in ! tion of the soils and nest met nod crops to place their land in high est productive state. Another very necessary thing is the rota tion of crops. Prof. Hyslop gave conclusive proof of this. In or der to keep the land working without materially reducing its productiveness is by rotating and this can be done without material loss in the way of money crops by following his suggestions. After the land has been fallow ed and the moisture conserved a cereal crop may be grown profi tably and should be followed by a cultivated crop such as peas in rows. At present, however, he is of the opinion that alfalfa in rows for seed is the most profita ble, since alfalfa seed is in de mand. Later when too many have taken this up and it is no longer profitable, the land is in shape for most any crop. Then field peas, cereals with the rais ing of stock, dairying etc. may be taken up to good advantage. Another matter that was called to the attention of Prof. Hyslop was the absolute necessity of raising some crop each year; he had been advocating fallowing, but when it was pointed out to I him that many at this particular IMPORTANCE OF LIVE STOCK TO THE FARMER Lectures of Prof. Fitts and Stock Judg ing Periods in Connection With the Short Course Very Beneficial. A Marked Interest Shown in Dairying Together With Hogs and Beef That the farmer of this section condition were not familiar to is fully alive to the importance him. of the livestock industry in con- The talk on dairy cattle Thurs nection with diversified farming day morning brought out much was demonstrated by the interest discussion and a very decided in taken in that branch of the short terest was shown. Prof. Fitts course during the week. The started that the dairy business livestock farmer who markets Wuh the most profitable of anv of his products in the highest and the farmer and that dairy coun most profitable state, leaving as tries were always most m-osner- Moil Profitable Type of Swine for Market "The general trend of the evo lution of market swine is toward younger lighter weight and smoother animals, says Professor U. It. Sampson, of the Oreoron Agricultural College Animal Hus bandry department. "Since this is in line with the interests of the consumer as well as economy to the producer, there is little reason to expect it to be radically changed. The age of pigs affects not only the economy of gains but the quality of the carcass and consequent prices as well. In the Portland market there is GUN CLUB ASKS SPRING SHOOT SEASON OPEN Present Open and Closed Season Under Federal Control Not Applicable for Entire Territory. Districts Should Be Cut Into Smaller Units. New Officers Memorialize Department A meeting of the Harney birds in the spring. discussions and ask questions. That was a lacking feature last year. They have profited lessons taught them by Prof. Scudder and followed the de monstrations at the Experiment Farm, therefore are in a position to grasp the essential points given them by Prof. Hylsop and Prof. Fitts this year. They can ask questions more intelligently and get more out of the course since they've had actual experi ence under the tutelage of experienced men. They've come to the conclusion that "book farming" is not just fup but practical as their own efforta have proven. While there was disappoint ment expressed by some at lirst upon learning that Prof. Scudder had not come in person but enl his associate. Prof. Geo. EL Hyslop, this feeling did not last. Prof. Scudder has many warm personal friends among the farm- Mi of Harney county but Prof. Hyslop soon had their attention and his practical talks made them forget Scudder entirely in their interest in the discussion of the subjects so ably handled. They realized that after all Scudder wasn't the only man in Oregon who could teach them something about farming. The scientific knowledge gained last year had been placed to practical use and worked so well, that when Prof. Hyslop took up subjects his of improving it The sandy loam and silt are our best crop soils by the according to Prof. Hvslop and this can be improved and made more productive by introducing more leguminous crops. This adds mineral and nitrogen. He impressed upon his class the nec essity of deep plowing and allow ing the -soil to remain open dur ing the winter season to permit the moisture to penetrate. Green manure was recommended these in quantity, the seeding of rye, rape, peat, ana like crops to oe turned under and made to add to its producing qualities. The next subject was the phy sical and chemical qualities of tiie soil. The farmers were told ithat a good, crumbly structure J was the essential features toward 'crop growth. This is fostered j by the introduction of humus or ganic matter, as it improves the I binding of the more sandy soils I making them pervious, allowing I the moisture to penetrate and I also preventing the tendency to taken up by time were preparing to make final three-year proof on their homesteads and that a crop was necessary to that proof, eyen though the land was not in shape to insure a profitable yield, he suggested fall plowing and then seeding in spring to peas or similar crop to make best yield and not injure the land for a real profitable crop the following season. Prof. Hyslop said the average dry farmer doesn't realize the value of barn yard mature and told them of its commercial value. It is equal to from $2 and 18.60 per ton as compared to the com mercial fertilizer. Too much might be put on at one time, but it is hardly probable. A thin coating at frequent intervals and mixed well with the soil is one of the best things a dry farmer can do for his land. The white alkali that is found in a few places in this section is not a serious proposition and may (Continued on page 2) much on his land as he has taken off, thus keeping up the fertility. is the one who is going to have the modern home and the bank account. This is preached by all farm experts and is sound logic. That Harney county is ous. He showed the advantages of dairy farming as it brought a steady income and with the kin dred industries in connection, the pigs, chickens, etc., and the increased fertility of the soil it was ideal. The dairy cow is the plow. This will make a soil that will hold moisture longer. The slightly alkali soils should be treated in alike manner by a thin coating of barnyard manure, straw, etc., and mix well. Our chief soil types are the sandy loam and silt. These are pronounced exceptionally good, their chief need being humus. Prof. Hyslop impressed his hear ers with the necessity of legume second to no otner place on earth most economical producer of for livestock is also admitted, human food of any of our domes therefore the farmer who is "on tic animals, producing five times tO hlB business" took Particular im much in 11 v..r muhwf ul.p interest in that branch during He advocates alfalfa hay as the the week. basic ration, feeding all they will With a country adapted to the eat and wheat bran and shorts growing of forage and the ex- are the best to furnish the por- cellent range in favor of produc- tein, although oats or barley are ing stock at a minimum cost the good for such purpose but rolled, local farmer is in a position to Prof. Fitts impressed upon them profit by what he has learned the necessity of shelter for dairy during the week. stock in order to get best results. Prof. E. K. Fitts. assistant to 1)airy Ml will not do well un less properly and comfortably sheltered. He went further in to this subject by discussing the raising of calveB in order to in- A greater crea8e the efficiency of the dairy in dairvinir nera proper ration for the grow- Market Report. THE BURNS HOTEL DELL DIBBLE, Prop. Centrally Located, Good Clean Meals, Comfortable Rooms, Clean and Sanitary Beds First Class Bar In Connection dive Me A Call THE WHITE FRONT LIYERY, FEED AND SALE STABLE We have oonfincd our business entirely to the White Front where we are prepared to care for our customers better than ever before HORSES FED FOR 20c. PER HEAD AND UP Baled Hay and Grain for Sale at Market Price. Good Hay in Stack $4.50 Per Ton. Delivered in Burns, $6.50 Per Ton Burns-Vale Stage Line :tl Hour Si In dull- from Kail road Close Connections Made With Trains East Cofor table Conveyances for Prssengers. Fare, $10. Careful Attention and Prompt Delivery of Express and Freigha Entrust ed to Our Care. Freight 2 l-2e. Per Pound. R. J. McKinnon & Son BURNS, - OREGON Receipts for last week at the 1'ortland Union Stock Yards were: Cattle 1276. Calves 3, Hogs 3403, Sheep 6102. In the cattle division, bulk of best grain fed steers offering sold from $7.70 to $6.85 and one load brought $8.00. Not much choice, hay fed stock was in evi dence. Butcher cattle trade was firm only for cows of which there was a liberal showing. Best ones realized $6.50 to $6 75, with the usual discount on lesser grades. Bulls sold up to $6.60 and were unsteady. Receipts were large Monday, when more stuff arrived than the total for the other five days. swine market not only main ed firmness but strengthened its position five to ten cents. Sever al hundred choice liarht hoire brought $8.60 during the first three days but the bulk was an $8.50 to $8.55 affairs. Killers from all over the Northwest were in the Yards for hogs and busi ness was extremely brisk. The close was steady to firm, $8.50 to $8.60. Sheep house transactions were confined mostly to Monday and Tuesday. Good grain wethers were scarce but a liberal offering of ewes selling from $3,50 to 4.75 according to quality prevent ed stagnation in the mutton de partment. Lamb market steady to stronger this week with best quality selling at 6.65 (off cars) Receipts were not so large as a week ago. Prof. Potter of the animal hus bandry department, conducted the course in that branch and imparted much valuable informa tion to those present interest was shown than anv other hranrh ulthmioh " animal, the period of fresh- the hog and beef industry is mn which should be in the most profitable and followed Ml to be most profitable) and more in this section at present, answered many questions pro- Prof. Fitts strongest point landed after he had finished throughout the week in dis ussing the lecture. Tlio tfitlr .!: . . . . . ..," "- " uuierence oi more man a cent County Rod and Gun Club was does not permit any shooting in a pound in favor of the 200 pound held at Tonawama Tuesday after- the spring but allows it open noon immediately following the much later in the fall than is afternoon session of the short necessary. On account of our course lectures and officers for peculiar situation as compared to the ensuing year were elected, other sections, climatic conditions J. M. Dalton is the new presi- being different, it is p s-ible we dent of the Club; Ernest Musick, may Jfet favorable action on the vice president; Grovcr Jameson, request for some spring shoot secretary; Ludwig Johnson, Trea- '"IT surer and assistant secretary. The proposition of amending Sett,ere Going to the constitution to provide for Harney Valley. yearly dues and also the proposal io u.c me secretary on a salary Nearly every train into this were discussed and it was decid- pace brings from one to I dozen ed to continue the organization new peope who are KoillJ? into as in the past without any dues Harney Valley and other interior and the secretaries to devote Valleys to make their future what time they could to it with- home. They have chosen this oui compensation, it was con- way because it is the siuereu tne organization would be a greater benefit by not im posing dues as the membership is large and covers a great area Of the county, thus with mem bers in harmony with the organi zation tne game would receive better protection and the under-1 taking of the organization to in- pig well fattened, over old hogs. "As a general practice it is well to put growing pigs through rapid gains, although there are two sides to the question. If the pig is crowded to his capacity, he wasts a larger proportion of the nutrients that he consumes, though his maintance costs leas in the aggregate since he is kept a shorter period of time. Like wise the desirable high finish is not secured on pigs which made gams slowly, for the food is con sumed in growth instead of fat tening. Such animals do not bring the satisfactory price that is secured for a plump, well fin ished porker of smaller size." LATEST DEVELOPMENT LEAGUE NOTES stock was the necessity of using pure bred sires in all cases. It is not so necessary to have the female pure bred but a good grade is desirable to bring them up to profitable untility. He One very interesting period of the course has been the testing of milk. This has been conduct ed by the farmers themselves under the instruction of Mr. lxjedy and Prof. Fitts. This is advocated a medium weight tyie quite important work in connec of draft stallion at first as re- tion with dairying as with a test suits will be more uniform in er the dairyman may know just greeting good type of draft colts what each animal is doing and from the ordinary mares of this whether profitable or not. It country that may later be bred also assists in connection with up to a larger type. However, proper ration for the animal, the use of heavy sires on small Such practical instruction is what mares would not bring the uni- is appreciated by the farmer and form colts. Timothy hay is the ideal feed for horses according to Prof. Fitts but wild hay is good, re quiring more of the grain ration to balance than on timothy Oats are preferable but barley is a "The self-feeder is a result of good ration for working animals. an ttmtt to decrease tho lhor Poland - China, Duroc - Jersey ,.,., in..iHnttnnnrk nrofWtinn " and Berkshire are the best adapt- HayH professor G. R. Sampson of ed breeds of hog for this country. .h,. Animnl HuahatuUra api. The first named are best for ment, Oregon Agricultural Col- quick maturity and fattening i0Kt- "The increased cost of qualities, the only drawback to ittDor JB an ajded problem in pro- the breed being the small litters. ntabe 8Wine feeding. Indeed Again Prof. Fitts brought out the problems have increased so tne uesiraniiuy ot pure bred faH, that there (Continued on page 2) Method of Feeding Swine for Fattening MathodUt CliambarUin'i Cough Reatady Rev. Jgtncs A. Lewis, Milaca, Minn., writes: "Chamberlain's Cough Remedy has been a need ed and welcome guest in our home for a number of years. I highly recommend it to my fel lows as being a medicine worthy of trial in cases of cold cough and croup. " Give Chamberlains Cough Remedy a trial and we are confident you will find it very effectual and continue to use it as occasion requires for years to come ii u mnnv otlicru have Hnna V For sale by all dealers. sires, as in all classes of stock. Select brood sows from big lit ters and robust stock. Wheal and barley is best feed for hogs with the former most desirable, but the latter is quite profitable and may be cheaper, therefore may be substituted when- most available. Peas are also advocat ed in quantity and the alfalfa pasture is recommended for growing pigs, are as many for us to solve as there were for our grandfathers. "By use of the self-feeder a correct ration can be put into the bins to last a week or more as soon as the lot of pigs are on full feed. But slight attention need be paid to feeding them for sev eral days. An extension of the system has been made with a view to eliminating the labor of mixing feed Several self-feed- Frof. lutts discussed the sheep era are provided in which the industry from the more intensive ground grains and tankage are standpoint as he is not familiar placed so that the pigs are allow with range conditions. He In- ed to balance their own rations, pressed the growers with the This is a good idea for the pigs necessity of proper care of ewes, make as economical use of their at lambing time and discouraged feed taken in this cafeteria Btyle the breeding of mutton to the as the frugal New England detriment of the wool production, housewife makes of her limited The Rarnboulett cross with the Merino was advocated to Increase size and not materially decrease wool production. Cotswolds and Lincolns were recommended as larder. "At the Oregon Station, self feeders containing balanced ra tions are fed and in several tests have given grains more economi- (From Our I'urtlam! Correspondent) If plans formulated at the meeting of the Oregon Irrigation Congress in Portland last week are carried out. all future irriga tion work in Oregon will be financed by bond issues and per formed with the co-operation of the Federal Government. While there was considerable diversity of opinion as to the character of the security to back the bonds, the manner of their redemption and the methods for using the money when secured, the delegates were fully agreed that the credit of the state must be used and that full advantage must be taken of the Govern ment's offer of assistance. It was freely predicted that the Tumalo project, in Central Ore gon, now in course of construc tion, will be the last irrigation work to be done by district taxa tion in this state. Methods by which speculators may be elimi nated from irrigated sections and lands and water rights Bold only to men who will improve and live on their farms were discuss ed at length. The rivers and harbors appro priation bill, action upon which was made public within the last few days, includes amounts to be used for improvement of Oregon streams and harbors aggregating $2,081,175, divided as follews: Coos Bay. $50,000; Nehalem Bay, $116,175; Coquille, $90,000; Celilo Falls and Upper Columbia, $525, 000; Willamette and Columbia Rivers. $300,000; Mouth of Col umbia, $1,000,000. That hogs are more profitable in Hood River Valley than fruit is the assertion of a rancher in that section who last year mark eted 130 animals for which he received $2,755. Among the porkers disposed of was one weighing 720 pounds dressed. said to be the largest ever raised in that county. Haw U Your Boilar? It has been stated that a man's stomach is his boiler, his body is his engine and his mouth the fire box. Is your boiler (stomach) in good working order or is it so weak that it will not stand a full load and not able to supply the needed energy to your engine (body)? If you have any trou- I ble with your stomach Chamber lain's Tablets will do you good. They strengthen and invigorate the stomach and enable it to do its work naturally. Many verv remarkable cures of stomach trouble have been effected by them. For salo by all dealers. s the most con venient way to get into the Har ney country as they have but a short ride of some seventy miles on the stage and have first class accommodations both on the stage and at the stopping places en route. There will no doubt be more ' Ji . ( t lnU nntOr tlwi i.iiii ei.lllill''' t i i i a iix t lliv i n cvuil 1 1 Jf t reduce new game birds and fish would have a greater backing. There was a report on the num ber and probable condition of the China pheasants, so many of and the fact that people are west of here this year than in any previous two years put to gether. This is on account of the encouraging railroad building which were brought in and liber ated last year, and it is found that but few of them have lived through the winter, at least but few have been seen. It was also hearing more about this wonder ful country, and beginning to understand the great things that are in store for people who can get homes in this section. Jun- found they had scattered over a tura will be the gateway for the large territory and were not con fined to the preserve where most of them were liberated. Several broods of young were seen last season and it is somewhat specu lative as to whether these are the birds that have survived the winter or all the young were de stroyed and the ones now in evi dence older birds. The officers elect are goinfr to ask the government to give us a people for some time, until at least traffic is opened to River side. Juntura Times. The Beit Cough Medicine. "I have used Chamberlains Cough Remedy every since I have been keeping house," says L. V. Haines, of Marbury, Ala. "I consider it one of the best reme dies I ever used. My children have all taken it and it works like a charm. For colds and whooping cough it is excellent." short open season for migratory j For sale by all dealers THE FRENCH HOTEL DAVID NEWMAN, Prop. Strictly First Class. Splendid Service, Fine Accomodations, Commercial Headquarters 5ainpleRoom In Connection, Reasonable Rates best types for mutton breeds as cal than has hand-feeding. The both are long wool sheep and system has been tried with a while they decrease the quality mixture of barley and tankage, do not decrease the quantity. He wheat and tankage, and shorts uiu nut ko iio uuiau as to ieeti- and tankage. The savin? ing of sheep particularly as the grower would be governed largely by the number he had and what breeds he was handling. Range in labor over that of hand feeding was a considerable item in pro ducing a hundred pounds of pork." Estrayed One red and white muley cow branded a script fig ure four or an oar lock on right side came to my place in Drewsey about three weeks ago. Owner please come prove property, and pay charges and for this adv. F. J. Upton. BLUE MT. STAGE CO. Daily Line, Burns and Prairie City 8CHEDULE: liKAVK I III 1 lis Canyon City . Prairie City Canyon City AKKIYI ti ii in Canyon City ,., 7am Prairie City 2:30 p m 7 p in Hum StM p in 1(1 a in City. II noon $ 6. 00 11.00 Fare, liurnn-Irairie Round Trip, Express Rates 2 1-2 Cents, Prairie to Burns PLEASANT, SCENIC ROUTE ALL THE 11,1 ) L. WOl-DENBERC.Prop. THE WELCOME PHARMACY Is The Place to Trade -WHYH First: Promptness, accuracy and fair dealing. Secend: We carry a well assorted stock of Drugs, Chemi cals and Druggist Sundries. Third: We guarantee every article we sell to be just as represented or your money refunded. If you are a customer of ours you know this. If not, be come one and be convinced. J. C. Welcome. Jr. i