ijuimiumi i.i ll, LMi ,i ,'ag
ami iiinn in mnniniiuKiumwi i
f fie C'lutea3lttttnld
The OftloUI l'nper ot Unriiu; County
hs2tho.InrKat olrrtilntlon hiuI la emu oj
tlielat lulvorttilng mixllumn In Kftttorn
Oregon.
t 6Srent 2tnrtiu (Kptiiuru
Covers an nron of 0,428,800 nru ol
land, 4,03,0S1 ocrcB yut vacant nttt ct
to entry under tlio public land Inwe ol
tlio United Blutcs.
J2V0L. XXIII.
BURNS, HARNEY COUNTY, OttEOOH, FEBIIUAIIY 12, 15 10
NO. 13
immmmummm n mutual
I
IS LIKE A GREAT GIANT
fThe Opening of Central Oregon Thus
Described
ONQUERING OF
Vlicn (he Dnv of Transportation
New llnbits, Although He
Describes I-arly Conditions
Randall R. Howard writes quite
Interestingly of early days in con-
ral Oregon in last Sunday 'sJour-
ml. Some of it is more or less
ict'ion, yet it describes conditions
ind brings back memories of the
fmd brings
ast. Ho says in part:
Central Oregon is as a great
riant about to be freed from tho
I shackles of the ages. The giant
uxs made some progress, has
loveloped, even while chained,
nit there are many directions in
.vhich ho has not gone, many
:hings for which nature has fit
ted him that he has not done.
When that day of freedom comes
the giant must form new habits,
change his methods of life and
isten to tho call of new duties.
Thus it is that even Central
Drcgon does not know its possi
bilities in this day of assured
xansportation relief. Much less
lo tho people of the Beaver State j
now the great resources that
suddenly are to be loosed in Ccn
jjiI Oregon -tho land that hcrc-
m ;ofore has been celebrated as tho
argest railroadless area in tho
United States. We know in
-ound numbers that it has as
arge an area as Ohio, that it has
jreat plains and valleys, vast
tvooded tracts, the greatest wat
jr resources of the state, and
arge mineral wealth. However,
there have been few attempts to
Itemize the wealth of ' Central,
Dregon.
Without a railroad tho great
empire couiu produce nine ior
the world besides livestock
bmething that could carry itself I luxuriantly in tnese spots lor scv
to market The Central Oregon cml years after the date of the
tockman drove his sheep nnd his1"". Accordingly it was not
tnttln to market, and ho brought i
orcK me goiu. oi uio
of tho outside
ivorld. Thus th only pay day
hat Central Oregon had was up-
Kn the day of the delivery of the
eef or the sheep at the rail
road after the hundred or two
undred mile drive. The
ig events of the spring and fall!
f the old days in Central Oregon
ere tho cattle roundups. Prac-
ically all forms of industry in
entral Oregon in its railroadless
ys were necessarily related in
me manner to the livestock in-
stry. Merchants established
res at the most likely livestock
nters, and tho village and later
e town grew up around these
ockmen's headquarters.
Likewise all of tho land, tim
er, water and mineral resources
f railroadless Central Oiegon
ere related to the stockmen and
eir value was proportionate to
8 needs. Tho value of land de-
nded upon the amount of hay
at it could produce, or upon
e number of cattle or sheep it
uld graze per acre. OutHide
the few trees needed for tho
wmills that supplied lumber
r tho scattering ranch houses
d
the still more scattering I
wns
of Central Oregon the
muer ot tno great empire was
st then of no particular value.
In the early days of tho sparse
ttlement of Central Oregon
ere was no need to worry about
ck range. Thero was more
n enough for overybody, with
bunch grass above tho knees
the beef cattle and almost over
backs of tho sheep. The on
ther creatures to dispute the
go in those days were tho
elope and the deer and the
cared jack rabbits. Those
e tno days when tho stock-
could go out on tho plains
ost any place and cut enough
ve grass hay to feed his sad-
horses and milch cows during
winter. With the exception.
o younger cattlo and pro
a few poor cows, all of tho
Btock were allowed to hus-
or themselves during the
or months. Land was val-
d Iittlo in thoso days and only
o most fertilo spots wero un-
by a Writer
THE RESOURCES
Comes the (limit Must l-ornt
Has Made Some Progress"
and What Stockmen Could Do.
dcr fence. Tho remainder was
range, one vast range stretching
for 100 miles in certain directions
without a marring fenco or an
obtruding house. As the herds
Krew larger m tins stockman's
pai.misu u iiitiu inuru caru wua
necessary in regulating tho man-
nor in which the stock were al
lowed to graze. The cattlo and
sheep were driven far up into
the mountains during tho sum
mer, and the grass of the plains
was reserved for tho season when
the mountains would bo covere I
with sonw.
It was seeking to protect and
j enlarge the mountain range that
tho stockman came into contact
with trees and forests. And the
contaet was a conflict, for the
trees had no value to tho stock
man, and furthermore, they ob
structed tho range. The stock
man noticed that those areas of
the mountains that had been
burned over were the most
sought for for grazing sections
by his sheep and his cattle. On
these "burns" the underbrush
and tho smaller trees had been
entirely destroyed, and tho large
trees -some of them almost large
enough to furnish all tho lumber
necessary for a city cottage had
either been felled and destroyed
by the fire or were standing
blenching and rotting tombstones
to their former solves.
The stockman reasoned that if
there were more of there burns
there would bo more summer
range, since the grass grew very
uncommon tor tno snecpneruer
for
and the cow boy to be instructed
to set fires in tho woods as the
last thing that he did when the
stock was being driven out of the
mountains late in the fall. These
fires usually did not burn over a
very large area, however, duo to
the lateness of the season and
tho coming of the fall rains and
winter snows.
All was not serene for tho
stockman down 'on the plains,
however. His assets there was
tho open range and tho watering
hole. Tho stockman discovered
that these watering holes were
being "homesteaded" by the
newcomers. Of courso there was
nothing for the cattle king and
the sheep baron to do but to rush
in also and gather up as many of
these watering holes as they
could. This period marks the
beginning of tho great stock
ranches of Central Oregon, some
of which still exist in Harney
county, covering thousands of
acres and including within their
wire fences areas almost as largo
as some of tho New England
stales. Control of tho water
gave absolute control of tho
range, prevented range compcti-
tion, and best of all, kept tho
homesteader at a distance.
HOLLAND A HOOSTLR.
I. II. Holland, one of Vale's
oldest of old timers, was in Vale
during tho early part of last week
and took a prominent part in tho
formation of tho Chamber of
Commcrco for tho city with
which he has been so long and
so honorably connected. Mr.
Holland drovo a stago in tho
Willow River Valley as early as
1870, and opened a mercantile
establishment in Vale nine years
later, when only tho ono old
stone building formed tho city.
In 1887 Mr. Holland, who was
then a member of tho state legis
lature, introduced tho bill separ
ating Malheur county from Ba
ker cou n ty. Vale was then made
tho temporary county seat.
Ho is now assistant superin
tendent of tho Pacific Livo Stock
Company. Vale Enterprise.
LAND VALUES (10INU UP.
Among tho real estate trans
fers of tho week wns tho salo of
Paul Blumo to II. B. Mace. Mr.
Blumo disposed of his mountain
rnnch of something over COO
acres to Mr. Mnco for n consider
ation of $8000. This is an ex
cellent stock ranch.
This tract is sltuntcd on Silvics
river several miles abovo Burns
and commands a largo amount of
range. A largo acreage of tho
tract is bottom land and consid
erable has been seeded to timothy.
It carries water rights for tho
entire holding with permanent
dnms and nmplo ditches to distri
bute tho water properly. This
placo added to Mr. Maco'B other
holdings in that vicinity makes
an ideal stock ranch where a vast
amount of forago may bo put up
each year, besides being in tho
best of range districts.
Another real estate transfer of
recent date is the salo of tho
Frank Williamson placo in tho
Trout creek section in the south
ern part of tho county to Frank
Adrian. This ranch consist of
320 ncres of finest meadow and
farming land in that section with
nbundanco of water for irrigation
Wo understand tho consideration
was in tho neighborhood of $1B,
000. Frank and his fnmily will
make their home on this place
and expect to crccUn nice house
in tho spiing.
A card received from State
Land Agent Applegate this week
announces that tho price of base
for indemnity selections has ad
vanced from $10 per acre to $13
to take effect Feb. 4. This makes
the third raise in scrip in a short
time.
GIT RID OF POSTS.
All of the ideas regarding tho
eradication of the pesky and de
structive little ground squirrels
aro at fault says Dr. O. T. Paine
of Fox valley and thero is only
ono true system. Squirrels get
fat on strychnine, they will play
tag with traps and they will cir
cumvent all attempts on their
lives, but there is ono thing and
only ono thing that is dead med
icine for tho ground squirrel, and
that is a little animal that is fast
er than greased lightning, wiser
than an owl and drags its lithe
form through tho oyo of a needle
and that is a ferret. Ferrets
have a wcokness for ground
squirrels and they can pick them
up like a chicken picking up
corn.
Dr. Pnino says that there is a
company in Missouri that makes
it a business of raising theso ani
mals for tho market and thoy ad
vertiso that thoy have 40,000 on
hand which they sell for $10 a
dozen. Tho ferret is tho only
practical way of getting away
with the ground squirrels, and
when they nre turned loose in a
field they will cut them down
likograssunderasiclc. Dr. Paine
states that he has placed an order
for a dozen, which ho expects to
have now in a few dayB and if
nnybody has any squirrels they
want to get rid of all thoy will
have to do is to enlist tho scrvico
of Dr. Paine and his ferrets. Ho
says his ferrets will bo in fine
working form when thoy arrive,
because on tho brood farm they
aro fed nothing but cats and thoy
will tako in tho change of diet
with ravcnouB nppotitcs. Bluo
Mt. Eagle.
Last week a group of sheep
men wero sitting around tho
stove at Jake's bemoaning their
losses. This got on Mr, Leo's
nerves and ho remarked, "It is
all right for you fellows who
only lost a dozen or so sheep to
grumble; I lost every head of
horses I had but you don't hear
mo hollering." With that ho
got up and wnlked over toward
tho window. Ono of tho sheep
men camo over and called him
out on tho porch. "Say," tho
sheepman asked, sympathetical
ly, "aro you sure your horses aro
all dead? Isn't thero a chanco
for a few out of tho bunch to
have gotten awny and your find
ing them in tho spring?" "No,"
Mr. Leo replied, "no chanco at
all. Thoy aro all dead." "How
many head did you havo?" asked
tho Interlocutor. "Ono," Bald
Mr. Leo. Jordan Valloy Ex
press.
Save mone:
Busy Corner i
' by reading
itoro ad.
the
TRANSPORT A TiON FIRST
.
Less Conservation
r .. y n,
j&eizer lor oiaie oi uregon
SOME BILL HANLEY PHILOSOPHY
Tells Needs of Oregon ns He Sees Them mid Predicts Imme
diate Rush of Settlers for Government Land in I-astcrii
Oregon Talk Would Indicate linrly Railroad ' Activity.
"If conditions work out
as itf
now appears, there will soon
Ijo'
tho biggest rush for free Gov
ornmont lnnd in Eastern Oregon
tho United States has over
seen."
William Hanlov, manager of
tho Hamoy Valloy Development
Company nnd head of tho Wil
liam Hanley Cnttlo Company,
two concerns that ship 20,000 lo
30,000 head of stock out of East
ern Oregon annually, made tho
foregoing prediction at tho Port
land Hotel yesterday, ynys tho
Orcgonian.
"What Eastern Oregon needs
is more transportation and less
conservation," ho continued.
"Tho least common evil that
threatens this country today is
land monopoly. It is tho history
of big ranches that thoy do not
pay, for lands cannot be worked
to best advantage with hired
help. Tho big rancher, too, is
nn object for suspicion nnd high
taxation, nnd in Central Oregon
ho soon finds that he has a bear
by tho tail and dares not let go.
"We have sometimes increased
our holdings, becauso small
tracts have been virtually thrown
into our lnps. The lack of trans
portation facilities has made it
impossible for the small farmer,
with his little band of cattle, to
mako a living, and some havo
como begging to havo tho land
taken off their hands at any
price.
"We are now running stock to
disposo of the products that wo
cannot get out of tho country in
any other way, but wo expect to
got our principal profits out of
tho land. Tho opportunity will
como with tho railroads, when
tho largo farms can bo divided
and the country developed.
"Tho homesteadors who aro
now going into Central Oregon
aro locating on lands which thoy
beliovo will be the earliest to re
cicvo railway transportation.
They nre but on tho outer edgo
of tho great county in Eastern
Oregon, where it is estimated
thero aro 10,000,000 acres of va
cant Government land.
"This is included in a strip
from 150 to 175 miles wide nnd
300 miles long. Ono side, down
in Lake County, has a bunch of
timber, nnd on tho other sido, in
the Bluo Mountains, there is
moro timber. Between tho two
there is not a stick standing.
Theso forests are needed in tho
development of that country.
Two-thirds of tho trees in them
aro over-aged, and trees nro like
other tilings over-ngu brings
decay,
if held
Thoy will bonefit no ono,
in tho Government re-:
serves for future generations.
"Pinchot is a faddist and is of
a one-boy fnmily. When ho was
fired as Chief Forester it was the
first timo in his lifo that any one
had over taken him by the napo
of tho neck nnd spanked him.
When ho told tho peoplo back
East that tho resources of the
country belonged to tho public,
thoy all shouted 'That's right,
und wo nro tho public; thero ore
only a few outlaws out west.'
"Personally, I beliovo that tho
resources rightfully belong to tho
state in which thoy aro located,
Oregon should havo its timbor
lands, and it could then soil tho
stumpago and improvo its rivers
and harbors with tho proceeds,
without asking Congress for ap
propriations, I beliovo that tho
peoplo of Orego.n ns one man
should support President Taft
and Secretary Ballingcr, Presi
dent Taft said enough to us when
ho expressed tho view that tho
resources should bo doveloped,
and not held back."
Mr. Hnnloy's theory of tho
causo of high meat prices is that
tho consumers too groatly over
balance tho producers.
.
, ., , my tno JMidcnvorB win
ana More Railroadm by a reception
jl or tl nt tho Y. M. C. A
"Ttfero are too many men who
i-
want to walk around tho cities in
good clothes and eat meat and
too few who nre out in tho coun
try raising it," ho said.
Mr. Hanley is ono of the in
corporators of tho Boiso & East
ern Railway, which a few days
ago filed mnps of rights of way
in the Malheur Canyon, which
wero taken ns indication that tho
railroad would be built from tho
eastern border of the state into
Central Oregon.
Yesterday Mr. Hanley asked
to bo excused from discussing,
railway plans for the present,
but his prediction concerning tho
prospective land rush into East
ern Oregon plainly implied a
confidence in early railway de
velopment of Hnrnoy county and
that section of the state.
INDUSTRIAL NOTI-S.
(Portland Correspondence.).
A big industrial fair, represen
tative of nil Oregon, is being
planned for Portlnnd this fall.
As yet plans aro tentative but it
is practically certain that the ex
position will bo held nnd that it
will bo a big success is assured
from the interests that aro be
hind tho movement.
It is expected to hold tho fair
during the first ten days of Sep
tember. Manufactures of the
statu will be given a prominent
place in the displays and the co
operation of the Portland Manu
facture's Association, a strong
organization that has done a
great deal to build up manufac
turing of all kinds, is probnblc
The varied products and resources
of Oregon will bo shown and it
is believed the exposition will
demonstrate the progress Oregon
is making in a striking way.
An event that is of wide in
terest is a complimentary ban
quet to bo given Judge George
H. Williams, Oregon's grand old
man, on his 87th birthday, March
27, in Portland. As Attorney
General in President Grant's
cabinet and prominent in tho na
tion's history throughout his ac
tive life, Judge Williams com
mands tho nfioction and respect
of all Oregonians nnd tho mKjv
prominent people of tho city arc
proud to show him honor.
Planning to increase tho fail
ing lobster supply, tho United
Stales Fisheries Department wil
transplant a carload in tho wa
ters os Yaquina Bay. Whether
tho lobsters will thrive thero is
not yet known but it is thought
conditions arc right for them.
lobsters demand a rocky bottom,
without silt deposited by nearby
nvcra, which Is tho enso at ia
quinh. This is tho reason assign
ed for tho failure of experiments
mado horotoforo in trying to
grow Eastern lobsters in Pacific
waters. Senator Bourne has
been ngitating tho mnttcr and
has secured tho promise of Fish
Commissioner Bowers to make
tho oxporiment at Yaquinn.
Special round trip excursion
rates havo been mado from the
East to Portland by tho railroads
for tho annual Roso Festival in
Juno and tho national convention
of tho Ancient Order of Kibor
ninns in .lulv. Roth of thoso
events will attract largo mimlSjr
to bo ns attractive as those
mado last year for tho Alaska-Yukon-Pacific
exposition.
Theso fares should bo tho means
of giving thousands of tourists
thoir first view of Oregon during
tho coming summon i
It Ib expected that over 2000
delegates will attend tho nnnunl
stato convention of tho Young
Pcoplo's Christian Endeavor So
ciety in Portland February 15-17,
which is likely to bo tho biggest
assembly of tho
organization1
over hold in Oregon. Tho ses
sions will be hold nt the First
Presbyterian church, Twolfth
and Alder Streets. While in tho
cjjy tho Endenvors will bo ontcr-
nnd ban-
Oregon
roses aro to havo a
wider fame than over very soon
for tho beautiful blooms that
havo mado a reputation for
Portland as a rose center arc to
bo copied by Paul do Longpre,
tno celebrated painter of roses.
Tho well known artist planned to
como hero on February 22 at the
timo of tho annual roso planting
but was unable to carry out his
intention and will como during
tho Roso Festival in June. He
will paint some of tho famous
flowers' hnftliistolicYe.
ROAD IIUII.DIN0.
W. F. Baker, who has for
years maintained a dirt road be
tween Council Bluffs and Omaha
over which a tremendous traffic
is hauled daily, gavo some valu
ablo suggestions to those assem
bled at tho recent corn exposi
tion at Omaha.
Tho underlying principle of
Mr. Baker's success in road
building, so ho told his hearers,
i! tho establishing of a good
foundation, thoroughly drained.
"Roads should be constructed
and maintained at least two
years boforo any attempt is made
to apply macadam, gravel, sand
or cinders," he told them. His
reason for that is that without a
proper foundation, graded, drain
ed nnd packed down, any kind
of surfacing material will be a
failure.
"No amount of earth should be
spread upon tho surface of the
road exceeding two inches in
thickness unless thoroughly roll
ed," he declared. "After this
first layer is properly rolled into
place, another layer should be
placed and rolled and so on until
a good, hard compact foundation
is secured, nnd this should then
be used for a couple of years by
teams nnd loads still further to
pack it down. Tho custom of
dumping a lot of loose earth up
on a rordbed is out of date, a
waste of timo and money and a
damage to tho traveling public."
ho said and tho reason for it is
only too evident when it is re
membered that the foundation is
tho essential thing, in fact, ac
cording to his experience, the
only thing required in the way
of material.
"All earth roads without ex
ception should be dragged after
each rain when in proper condi
tion. Roads should be dragged
to and from tho center so as to
maintain tho proper slope, nnd
in very dry weather when dust
is deep they should bo dragged
from time to timo outward and
after a rain plastered back upon
tho surface," ho stated.
(
DOUBLE TIIU PAKM VILLI).
A doubling of the present pro
duction of fnrm staples is in sight
according to Professor C. B.
Buffum, of Worland, Wyo. who
is a pioneer in the science of
seed breeding.
"Wo hnve already practically
doubled tho yield of corn by se
lection nnd breeding," said Prof
fessor Buffum yesterday, "but
wo need not stop with corn, as
wo can deal with all other crops
in a similar way. The reason
that this has not been dono ear
lier it that plant breeding has
been utilized heretoforo mainly
for tho production of curiosities.
Men who brought out anything
now wero 'wizards.' Few saw
any practical valuo in what was
being dono. Much was accom
plished in nn aesthetic way with
reference to improvements of
flowers but tho great farm crops
wero neglected.
"As Mark Twain said in
"Pudd'n-head Wilson,' training
js everything. Tho peach was
onco a bitter almond, nnd tho
cauliflower is nothing but cab
bage with a 'college education'
to tho plebiuns of tlio vcgolnblo
world, and therefore, by increas
ing crop yields, promises moro
than anything clso with refer
ence to a growth of tho world's
permnnont wealth."
Foit Sale A fivo room cot
tago, four lota all fenced with
two good wolls, a windmill and
other imnrovomonts. No rock.
G. Hudspeth, Burns, Oregon.
Spring White Goods
for 1910
New White Waists
Beautiful line Embroideries
Ladies Muslin Undergarments
New Spring Eimonas
New goods arriving and we will
be able to show the new lines of
waists, gloves and summer dress
goods within a short time.
N. BROWN & SONS
The Satisfactory Store
Burns, Oregon.
: $ $$$$$i
M. L. LEWIS
nRjNSUN
....Represents the....
Home Insurance Co., of New York,
Live pool, London & Globe,
lire Assurance Co., Philadelphia.
OPFICH WITH maas & Biaas. Bums, Oregon.
Co-nerSoutli i( Lunabuig & Daltou's.
S-WWSSSte
I
List Your Property With The
i Inland Empire Realty Company J
W. T. LESTER, Manager, Burns, Ore.
You economize greatly when
using Dr. Snoop's new coffee sub
stitute known to first class groc
ers everywhere as Dr. Shoop's
Health Coffee. A 25c 1J pound
package gives 100 cups of a won
derfully satisfying table drink.
Pure toasted grains, malt, nuts
etc. give to health Coffee a whole
some, and satisfying tasto and
flavor. And thero is not a grain
of real coffee in it Besides,
Health Coffee in "made in a
minute." No. 20 to 30 minutes
tedious boiling. Sold by Reed
Bros.
The biggest reduction sale on
clothing nnd gent's furnishing
that ever was at Schenk Bros.
See ad.
1
S
The Harriman
GENERAL MERCHANDISE
BEST GOODS AT
LOWEST PRICES
Complete line of
Groceries and Dry Goods
Gents Furnishings
FULL AND COMPLETE LINE
OF HAMILTON BROWN SHOES
HARDWARE
FARM IMPLEMENTS, WINONA
WAGONS, BARBED WIRE
Wo guarantee quality nnd pricesLet us prove to you that
wo hnve the goods at right prices Call and see us
?
&&6rj
1
NOTICE.
All parties owing Lewis & Gar
rett, or Simon Lewis are hereby
notified that all these accounts
ore in the hands of our attorney
C. H. Leonard for collection and
settlement Persons indebted to
us will please settle the same
with Mr. Leonard at once.
Simon Lewis
J. T. Garrett.
Williams Bros, saw mill at
Cold Spring on the Canyon road
is prepared to do custom work
for those desiring to take ad
vantage of their government per
mit Also lumber for sale at $12
per thousand. See them about
custom prices.
Mercantile Co.