Th e Bu l l eTin " Su n day, FeBr ua r y 7, 2021 A3
TODAY
It’s Sunday, Feb. 7, the 38th day
of 2021. There are 327 days left
in the year.
Today’s Highlight in History:
In 1962, President John F.
Kennedy imposed a full trade
embargo on Cuba.
In 1812, author Charles Dickens
was born in Landport, Ports-
mouth, England.
In 1931, aviator Amelia Earhart
married publisher George P. Put-
nam in Noank, Connecticut.
In 1943, the government
abruptly announced that war-
time rationing of shoes made of
leather would go into effect in
two days, limiting consumers to
buying three pairs per person
per year. Rationing was lifted in
October 1945.
In 1948, Gen. Dwight D. Eisen-
hower resigned as U.S. Army
chief of staff; he was succeeded
by Gen. Omar Bradley.
In 1964, the Beatles arrived at
New York’s John F. Kennedy In-
ternational Airport to begin their
first American tour.
In 1984, space shuttle Challeng-
er astronauts Bruce McCandless
II and Robert L. Stewart went on
the first untethered spacewalk,
which lasted nearly six hours.
In 1985, U.S. Drug Enforcement
Administration agent Enrique
“Kiki” Camarena was kidnapped
in Guadalajara, Mexico, by drug
traffickers who tortured and
murdered him.
In 1991, Jean-Bertrand Aris-
tide was inaugurated as the
first democratically elected
president of Haiti. He was
overthrown by the military the
following September.
In 1998, the Winter Olympic
Games were opened in Nagano,
Japan, by Emperor Akihito.
In 1999, Jordan’s King Hussein
died of cancer at 63; he was
succeeded by his eldest son,
Abdullah.
In 2009, a miles-wide section of
ice in Lake Erie broke away from
the Ohio shoreline, trapping
about 135 fishermen, some for
as long as four hours before they
could be rescued; one man fell
into the water and later died of
an apparent heart attack.
In 2019, former U.S. Rep. John
Dingell, the longest-serving
member of Congress in Amer-
ican history, died at his home
in Dearborn, Michigan at 92;
the Democrat had served in
the House for 59 years before
retiring in 2014. Frank Robinson,
the first Black manager in Major
League Baseball, died in Los
Angeles at 83.
Ten years ago: Speaking to the
U.S. Chamber of Commerce,
President Barack Obama
echoed John F. Kennedy as he
prodded business leaders to
“ask yourselves what you can
do for America,” not just for
company bottom lines. AOL
Inc. announced the $315 million
purchase of The Huffington Post
website.
Five years ago: Von Miller
forced two fumbles to set up
Denver’s two touchdowns and
the Broncos’ defense frustrated
Cam Newton the entire game
to carry Peyton Manning to his
second NFL championship with
a 24-10 victory over the Carolina
Panthers in Super Bowl 50.
North Korea defied international
warnings and launched a long-
range rocket that the United Na-
tions and others called a cover
for a banned test of technology
for a missile that could strike the
U.S. mainland.
One year ago: Hundreds more
Americans who were evacuated
from the virus-stricken zone
in China began arriving in the
U.S., where they would be quar-
antined on military bases for
two weeks. Two days after his
acquittal in his Senate impeach-
ment trial, President Donald
Trump took retribution against
two officials who had delivered
damaging testimony; he ousted
Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman, a
national security aide, and Gor-
don Sondland, his ambassador
to the European Union. Former
NBA star Kobe Bryant and his
13-year-old daughter Gianna,
who’d been killed with him in
a helicopter crash, were buried
in a cemetery near the family’s
Southern California home.
Today’s Birthdays: Author
Gay Talese is 89. Reggae musi-
cian Brian Travers (UB40) is 62.
Comedy writer Robert Smigel
is 61. Actor James Spader is 61.
Country singer Garth Brooks is
59. Rock musician David Bryan
(Bon Jovi) is 59. Actor-comedian
Eddie Izzard is 59. Actor-come-
dian Chris Rock is 56. Rock sing-
er-musician Wes Borland is 46.
Rock musician Tom Blankenship
(My Morning Jacket) is 43. Actor
Ashton Kutcher is 43. Actor Tina
Majorino is 36. Actor Deborah
Ann Woll is 36. NBA player Isaiah
Thomas is 32.
— Associated Press
LOCAL, STATE & REGION
WILDFIRES
Smoke’s economic damage lingers
BY BRIAN P. D. HANNON
The Associated Press
The damage caused by wild-
fires can be devastating, gut-
ting structures and driving
out people who live and work
nearby. And researchers say
the smoke from the annually
recurring blazes also deliv-
ers economic damage to areas
that were never touched by the
flames.
Beyond the toll wildfire
smoke can have on the health
of those in affected areas, there
are infrastructure and business
costs, experts said.
Expenses paid by home-
owners to improve or increase
measures to protect their
properties and the impact of
smoke on livelihoods and bud-
gets can be significant.
Wildfires that burned thou-
sands of square miles through-
out the U.S. West last year
knocked out power, destroyed
homes and buildings and
forced evacuations.
Oregon and Colorado fires
damaged or destroyed more
than 10,000 buildings. Five of
the six largest wildfires in Cal-
ifornia’s history occurred in
2020.
Accompanying the fires was
smoke that left Western com-
munities immersed in gray
and orange haze that blotted
the sky and caused normally
hot midday temperatures to
remain at cool nighttime levels
in some areas.
Wildfire smoke plumes —
and their economic impact
— can travel far beyond the
blazes, said Eric Zou, assistant
professor of economics at the
University of Oregon.
“When we think about
health and labor market effects
of wildfire, it is important to
think beyond the areas in the
Ryan Brennecke/The Bulletin file
The sun turns bright orange behind the thick smoke covering Central Oregon in August 2017. For two
months, the smoke contributed to lost tourism jobs, according to the Oregon Employment Department.
immediate vicinity of the fires,”
Zou said.
Effects persist
Zou coauthored a paper
with University of Illinois
economists Mark Borgschulte
and David Molitor on the eco-
nomic effects of wildfires that
was presented to an American
Economic Association con-
ference in January 2020. Moli-
tor said there is a quantifiable
economic relationship to the
amount of smoke reaching
communities.
“We estimate that an addi-
tional day of smoke exposure
reduces earnings by about
0.04% over two years,” Moli-
tor said. “The effect is largest
in the year of smoke exposure,
but the effects may linger for
up to two years post-expo-
sure.”
Benjamin Jones, assistant
professor of economics at the
University of New Mexico,
said researchers are only be-
ginning to understand the ex-
tent to which wildfire smoke
impacts local economies.
“It is certainly possible,
perhaps even likely, that the
economic effects of wildfire
smoke exposure may persist
for months or even years after
a large smoke event,” he said.
Jones said smoke expo-
sure damaging the health of
workers can “affect job perfor-
mance, labor market produc-
tivity and perhaps even wage
earnings and retirement sav-
ings,” Jones said.
Prolonged and intense
fires like those in the Pacific
Northwest last year may af-
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
Avalanche kills Oregon
skier in backcountry
The Associated Press
ETNA, Calif. — An ava-
lanche in California’s northern
backcountry killed an Oregon
skier near a remote peak, au-
thorities said.
Brook Golling, 35, of Ash-
land was with a snowboarding
friend when they were caught
in an avalanche as they were
getting ready to start their run
near Etna Summit in Siskiyou
County on Wednesday, accord-
ing to the Mount Shasta Ava-
lanche Center.
Golling, was “quickly pinned
and buried against a tree,”
while Ben Koerber, 37, of Ash-
land was swept through trees
and partially buried, the center
reported.
Koerber managed to dig
himself out, climbed back up
the slope and dug through
about 6 feet of snow to reach
Golling but was unable to re-
vive his friend despite more
than an hour of lifesaving ef-
forts, authorities said.
The avalanche center report
said both men “had many years
of backcountry experience.”
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fect people’s health “in such a
significant way that there are
longer-term impacts to local
economies well after the wild-
fire that caused the smoke has
been extinguished,” Jones said.
Tourism and recreation
Two of the most visible in-
dustries impacted by wildfire
smoke are tourism and out-
door recreation. Jones cited
U.S. Bureau of Economic
Analysis calculations that
found the outdoor recreation
economy accounted for $459.8
billion in 2019, or 2.1% of the
national gross domestic prod-
uct, which is the sum of all
goods and services produced
within a country’s borders.
“People tend to avoid na-
tional and state parks when
wildfire smoke is present,
which can depress local ac-
commodation, hospitality and
outdoor recreation industries,
especially in rural areas in the
American West,” Jones said.
When smoke from wildfires
burning in the Cascades set-
tled over Central Oregon in
2017, hotel, motel and resort
stays dropped. In Sisters, the
annual folk festival, an event
that draws nearly 4,000 who
spend $1.2 million, was can-
celed for the first time.
A study released in October
by the Urban Land Institute,
a global organization of real
estate and land use experts,
found that real estate develop-
ment is increasing in areas al-
ready prone to wildfires, with
the results for urban centers
including displaced popula-
tions and smoke damage.
The research found develop-
ers, urban planners and public
leaders “increasingly are coor-
dinating site, district, and re-
gional scale resilience efforts,”
Elizabeth Foster, manager of
the institute’s Urban Resilience
program, said in an email.
“For many major markets,
wildfire smoke is projected to
be a more frequent concern as
climate change increases the
number of wildfire burn days,”
Foster said.
Developers have incorpo-
rated building engineering
and design as methods to fight
wildfire smoke, Foster said.
“Strategies to preserve in-
door air quality include
high-performance air filters,
passive-house design princi-
ples to reduce the infiltration
of unfiltered air, running certi-
fied air cleaners, installing sen-
sors to provide real-time feed-
back on air quality, and regular
maintenance of ventilation and
HVAC systems,” Foster said.
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