o
The Bulletin, Monday, December 1& TSSgC g
But discrimination does exist
Oregon's civil rights laws
are among nations strongest
EDITORS NOTE: What is the
shape of tht nation's social re
volution within the borders of
Oregon? The state has strong
civil rights laws, yet discrimina
tion exists despite a small Neg
ro population. How do events
elsewhere touch the Oregon
Negro, and what progress is he
making toward equal opportun
ity? The following dispatch, first
of two, explores Negro attitudes
and measures the size of t h e
problem.
By Gordon Rice
UPI Staff Writer
In the 1920s the Ku Klux Klan
was burning crosses in Southern
, Oregon and electing public offi
cials to represent it at Salem.
Today, Oregon has one of the
strongest sets of civil rights
laws in the nation stronger
than the federal laws proposed
.by the late President Kennedy.
Some of its people have made
the transition in attitude, and
some have not. That, highly
simplified, Is the condition Ore
gon finds Itself in the civil
rights field In 1963.
"Today I'm proud to say I'm
from Oregon at any national
meeting or convention," says E.
Shelton Hill, executive secretary
for the Portland Urban League.
"Our situation in Oregon is
ages better than most areas of
the nation. . .and improvements
have been rapid and I believe
are accelerating," adds Gov.
Mark Hatfield.
But discrimination does exist,
in spite of strong laws, a small
Negro population and Oregon's
generally enlightened attitude
toward civil liberties.
It exists "on a very quiet
basis," says Dr. Wesley G.
Nicholson, pastor of Eugene's
First Congregational Church.
What is the racial situation In
Oregon? How are its laws work
ing? What do the Negroes want,
and what progress are they
making?
It it is true that the lack of
Negroes means there is no
problem, then most of Oregon
does not have a serious prob
lem. But this does not make the
anguish of one Negro refused
service in a smalltown Eastern
Oregon restaurant any less than
that of a victim of discrimina
tion in Portland.
Portland Has Most
Negroes comprise less than
one per cent of the state's popu
lation. About 16,500 of the
state's approximately 18,500
Negroes live in Portland. There
are smaller concentrations in
Eugene, Klamath Falls, Pendle
ton and a few other cities. The
rest are scattered widely.
In 1940 there were 2,565 Ne
groes in the entire state. Then
came World War II, the ship
yards at Vanport and other war
time industry. By 1950, there
were 11,529 Negroes in Oregon
and by 1960 the total had
climbed to 18,133.
There are four major civil
rights laws on the books:
A Fair Employment Prac
tices Law, enacted in 1949, bars
discrimination by employers,
employment agencies and labor
L American
post goes
to Mann
WASHINGTON (UPI) Am
bassador Thomas C. Mann is
taking over direction of U.S.
programs in Latin America
with a pledge of "complete sup
port" from President Johnson.
Mann, U.S. envoy to Mexico,
was named Saturday as assist
ant secretary of state for inter
American affairs. He was di
rected by Johnson to coordinate
the Alliance For Progress and
other U.S. programs in Central
and South America.
Johnson, in a letter to Mann
Sunday, outlined his adminis
tration's aims in the area and
emphasized that "no work is
more important for our genera
tion of Americans than our
work in iSJS ii&iliapfiere.''''
"You can count on my In
tense interest and complete
support," the President said.
While expressing pride in the
Alliance that was begun by the
late President Kennedy two
years ago, Johnson called on
Mann to work even harder on
the program.
"We must find ways to ex
pand education, health and low
cost housing facilities; we must
find ways to help governments
increase revenues by tax re
forms and, at the same time,
maintain an adequate and sus
tained rate of economic
growth: we must find ways to
bring about land reform, and.
at the same time, to increase
agricultural production."
Mann, a native of Waco.
Tex., and a personal friend of
Johnson, will succeed Edwin M.
Martin. The White House said
Martin would be given a major
ambassadorial post in Latin
America.
! unions.
The Vocational, Professional
and Trade Schools Act of 1951
is designed to prevent bias on
the part of training facilities
which could give . Negroes the
skills to qualify for better jobs
The Public Accommodations
Law of 1953, which prohibits dis
crimination in public accommo
dations, resorts, places of
amusement and in all places of
public services.
The Housing Act of 1957,
which bans discrimination in
the sale or rental of housing.
Mark A. Smith, a Negro, is
administrator of the civil rights
division in the State Bureau of
Labor. He and three staff mem
bers carry the load of enforcing
these laws among nearly two
million people.
Smith gets about 12 com
plaints a month, but says "most
of them are traced to personal
ity conflicts having nothing to
do with civil rights."
Five Public Hearings
Most of the laws win accept
ance once the public under
stands them, he says. There has
been no organized opposition
and only five cases have gone
as far as a public hearing,
which is held if attempts to
mediate the dispute fail.
"But laws are meaningless
unless they are written in the
hearts of men," Hatfield said
recently In a Salem speech,
and Ituj Is where civil rights
workers think the work must be
done.
A Portland apartment house
operator recently was overheard
advising another to take down
a "vacancy" sign if Negores
came to inquire about the hous
ing. "Tell them you ve lust rented
it and forgot to take down the
sign," he said, "and then leave
the sign down lor six montns
if you have to, to make sure
you don't get Into any trouble."
A housewife In Baker hesti-
tates when a Negro family
wants to buy her home. Al
though she disclaims any per
sonal prejudice, she is worried
about the reaction of her neigh
bors.
At Corvallis and Eugene, fra
ternities and sororities conform
to a ban on racial clauses in
their charters, but not a single
Negro is pledged at either Ore
gon or Oregon Stats. One of the
few Negroes who signed up for
rush at Oregon said later he be
lieved he had been a victim of
discrimination.
At Portland State College,
Belle returns
to U.S., faces
Pittsburgh trial
NEW YORK (UPI)-The FBI
said today that onetime "boy
wonder" Earl Belle, who fled
Pittsburgh in 1958 when his pa
per financial empire collapsed,
would De returned to that city
to face charges of fraud and
conspiracy.
The FBI spokesman was un
able to state, however, just
when Belle, 31, would appear
to answer the charges in Pitts
burgh, where acting U.S. Attor
ney Gustave Diamond an
nounced his office was ready to
prosecute.
Belle, disheveled and weary
looking, arrived in the United
States Saturday aboard a jet
liner from Rio de Janeiro where
he fled five years ago, leaving
behind "untold losses" to Amer
ican Investors.
According to Brazilian police,
Belle had become involved in a
currency exchange fraud there
and had been given the alterna
tive of returning to the United
States or facing Brazilian jus
tice. Belle allegedly wrote $70,
000 worth of rubber checks to
exchange houses involving the
purchase of Brazilian cruzeiros
Charges Not Related
The charges against Belle in
Pittsburgh were not related to
his departure from, de Ja
neiro, according to Brazilian
authorities.
Belle was accompanied here
by an agent of the Internation
al Police Organization and was
immediately taken into custody
by the FBI.
A short time after he landed,
the balding former financier was
taken to FBI headquarters,
then arraigned in federal court
on the 20 counts of fraud and
conspiracy. Bond was set at
$60,000.
Belle told U.S. Commissioner
John B. Garrlty he had come
back tb this country voluntarl-
lly "to face the charges against
me."
The financial empire estab
lished by Belle, and others In
cluded the Cornucopia Gold
Mines, Inc., Manufacturers j
Bank of Edgewater, N.J., two;
electronics companies, a water j
heater manufacturer and a;
drapery firm, valued at the
time at (3.5 million. 1
President Branford Millar halt
ed sorority rushing and suspend
ed all the houses on the campus
after they failed to pledge two
Negro girls.
There are some Negro leaders
who think stronger laws are the
answer.
"A disgrace" is the way presi
dent Mayfield K. Webb of the
Portland chapter of the National
Association for the Advance
ment of Colored People de
scribes the fact that the Civil
Rights Division receives only
about 12 complaints a month.
Wants Law Amended
Webb, generally regarded as
the state's most mutant rights
worker, wants the law amended
to allow the Civil Rights Divi
sion to Investigate possible dis
crimination without the filing of
a formal complaint. He also
wants swift, severe punishment
of offenders without the slower
steps of mediation and concilia
tion. "People will learn to live with
stronger laws," he says. "Obvi
ously we need changes of atti
tudes, but I think they will be
assisted by stronger laws. At
this rate it will take another 100
years."
Webb takes a less favorable
view of the situation in Oregon
than do most of his colleagues.
"I believe there are sundown
towns, but I can't pinpoint them
right now," he comments.
Several of his pronouncements
have badly shaken a few satis
fied city officials around the
state. Earlier this year he re
quested assurances from Med
ford. Grants Pass and Ashland
that Negroes would be welcome
to use public accommodations
in that region. He hinted Ne
groes would be sent to "test"
it if the assurances were not
forthcoming.
"We had a tremendous re
sponse," he says now. "We ac
complished a lot in getting the
communities concerned."
Another one of his plans for
the future calls for sending a
number of Negro young people
on a tour of the state to test
their reception.
"I think It would be telling,"
he explains.
Webb's hard-line efforts have
brought htm some opposition
within the Negro community.
Mrs. VJvlanne Barnett, president
of the Alblna Civic and Taxpay
ers Association, said recently
there is now a danger of vio
lence in Portland because of
such incidents as Webb's threat
to picket the Northwest Towers
Housing Project during a pro
posed dedication by President
Kennedy. Webb said the Hous
ing Authority of Portland dis
criminated in its selection of
tenants.
Did Not Visit
Kennedy decided not to visit
Portland, and many people
blamed the NAACP.
"The result is that those who
have been liberal have become
antagonistic to us," Mrs. Bar
nett said.
There have been several inci
dents of violence and one death
in Portland in which race
played a part. Portland police
say there is a "hard core"
group of about 30 Negro youths
who have been involved in such
incidents as a post-football game
riot, the chain beating of a
white boy on Halloween, and
several other beatings. Law en
forcement agencies are attempt
ing to get them out of circula
tion while youth commissions
make sure the problem gets no
worse.
A white skidroad resident Ed
ward St. George, 44, died after
a 1960 beating by a group of
Negro youths. Including Paul
Machen, the brother of fighter
Eddie Machen. They told
authorities they were upset by
racial tension in the South.
Law enforcement authorities
are hesitant to be quoted, but
police have experienced some
difficulty in the heavily-Negro
Albina district.
Multnomah County Sheriff
Don Clark says it is impossible
to determine whether there is
more lawlessness among Ne
groes than whites in the same
'economic class. For one thing,
a Negro may be more likely to
be arrested for certain offenses
than a white, and on the other
hand police and courts may
take a less serious view of some
crimes in a Negro ghetto.
His term, for this sort of
crime, which he admits is not
original, is "misdemeanor mur
der." Next: Jobs and housing
HBW nonexact erma-sm m
new till Chrlifmes . . .
i PRICE
ON EVERY DIAMOND
RING IN OUR STOCK I
tvifu-t from mr eorm- etv-sr f
924 South Third
Now open evenings till
ft '
Vs.?. i -i ' v 'V C
y i &j
AT FORT POLK Army Pvt.
Albert D. Stilwell, 17, son of
Mr. and Mrs. Dale G. Stil
well, Bend, will complete eight
weeks of advanced Infantry
training with heavy weapons
at Fort Polk, La., on Jan. 10.
He entered the army In July.
Stilwell attended Bend High
School.
Morse charges
press fails its
responsibilities
WASHINGTON (UPI) Sen.
Wayne Morse, D-Ore., charged
Sunday that the American press
is failing to give the American
people objective reporting on
major Issues.
"Frequently the American
press does a Pravda job on the
American people," he said in a
television interview (Metropoli
tan Broadcasting "Opinion In
the Capitol").
"It feeds them what it wants
them to read and omits telling
them what they ought to know
is in the news."
Morse issued his criticism
when asked about an incident
last week in which he protested
about too much noise in the Sen
ate press gallery.
"But that's insignificant," the
senator went on. "I do have a
great disappointment in the
American press as a whole, for
I have sat in the Senate for 19
years and I think I'm a pretty
good witness In the operation of
the press in handling political
news, and in my judgment, tne
press does not do, by and large,
an objective job of publishing
the news."
Blames Editors
He said he blamed editors
more than reporters.
"I'd take my chances even
though I've had my difficulties
with the working press, in me
objectivity of the working
press," the senator said. "But
the fact is that their stories are
re-written at a higher level or
they're cut out entirely at high
er level."
Morse said that during the re
cent senate debate on foreign
aid, he and others like Sen. Er
nest Gruening, D-Alaska, had
made speeches criticizing the
program but "you pick up the
press and find not a single re
ference to the speech.
"You'll find In that same pa
per a lot of inconsequential
news and I happen to think that
the press owes to the American
people objective reporting on
major issues."
Morse said that the situation
has become "steadily worse in
my judgment, steadily worse."
"I've had even representatives
of the great wire services come
to me and tell me how sorry
they were that a story they had
sent in on some issue that I had
raised in the Senate was cut
out, but they even in some in
stance showed me the story
thev sent in: but it was cut out
at the upper desk," he said.
Rescued hunter
in good shape
NOME, Alaska (UPI) -An
Eskimo seal hunter stranded for
more than two days on a drift
ing ice floe in the Bering Sea
was flown here Sunday and pro
nounced in good condition after
a physical examination.
An Air Force helicopter re
scued Romeo Katezac, 34, Satur
day aH, took bjm t(5 a Coast
Guard Loran radar station on
Port Clarence, Alaska, after Ic
ing conditions forced the hell
copter to turn back from an at
tempted flight to Nome, 70
miles south of Port Clarence.
Katezac was flown here the
next day.
Katezac had been riding the
mile-square Ice floe since noon
Thursday when it broke off
from the Ice pack on which he
was hunting lor seals.
alpine
gift
house
Phone 382-6600
9 ... seven dys a week I
East Germans
again put price
on yule visits
BERLIN (UPI) - Hopes that
West Berliners would get
Christmas passes to visit East
Berlin relatives dimmed today
as the Communists again de
manded a political price.
Official East German Com
munist party newspaper Neues
Deutschland accused the West
Berlin city government of re
fusing to give guarantees that
it would live up to pass agree
ment. The city government consid-
dered the guarantees demanded
by the Communists a bid for
recognition of the East German
government.
The Communists made the
charge as East German and
West Berlin negotiators sched
uled another meeting today in
an effort to break the deadlock
on the passes.
But time was running out. It
was feared that failure to reach
agreement soon would condemn
divided Berlin families to their
third lonely Christmas since the
wall went up.
Foreigners and West Ger
mans can cross the wall Into
East Berlin. But West Berliners
have always been blocked and
the Communists have refused
past Christmas requests for
brief visiting periods.
The negotiations began Dec.
5 but bogged down over what
West Berlin considers an East
German demand for recogni
tion. Both sides placed their case
before the public Sunday night.
West Berlin Mayor Willy
Brandt, In a radio and televi
sion statement, said it should
be possible to reach an agree
ment today that would make
the issuance of passes Tuesday
possible.
But he dodged the Issue of
East German recognition
East German Deputy Premier
Alexander Abusch, in an East
German television appearance,
said if Christmas passes are Is
sued the West Berlin city gov
ernment must "guarantee se
curity" at the crossing points
through the wall on the East
West Berlin city border.
This demand strengthened
the belief here that the East
Germans want to use the
Christmas pass Issue to black
mail the West.
Slide disrupts
Ph
one service
LAKE OSWEGO (UPI) -Telephone
service was disrupted and
a Southern P a c I fi c Railroad
spur line was blocked by a slide
north of here late Sunday.
The slide was believed caused
by a leaking water main. It oc
curred near the highway about
two blocks north of the city lim
its. A spokesman for Pacifc North
west Bell said the slide inter
rupted service for an undeter
mined n u m b e r of customers.
The damage was repaired In a
few hours.
No scheduled train service
was affected.
IBar-S Ham for Holidays.
r I F-.-ll . I I
Doneiess runy cooKea.
FRANKS
SUGAR
CANDI CANE
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TV TRAYS
Large Size.
I Several Patterns From
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Freighter captain lone survivor in sea
ordeal In freezing waters off Norway
NAMSOS, Norway (UPI) -
Two fishermen tending their
nets along the icy Atlantic
shore spotted a strange object
hunday bobbing through the
freezing breakers toward coast
al rocks.
A ghastly sight greeted them
when they drew near in their
ashing boat.
Four frozen corpses and a
man barely alive were lashed
to a battered timber raft, all
that was left of the 499-ton Nor
wegian freighter Jonetta, sunk
m a storm two days earner,
Fishermen Hans Hartvikoy
and his brother, Sigfred, stared
at the lone survivor, who man
aged a faint call for help.
"His mouth was almost fro-
Still questions
unanswered in
assassination
WASHINGTON (UPI) For
mer U.S. Secret Service Chief
U. E. Baughman said today
that there were unanswered
questions about President
Kennedys assassination that
"should be resolved."
Baughman, who guarded pres
idents as chief of the Secret
Service for 13 years, said "the
plain fact is that you cannot
protect the President from ev
ery danger. And the greatest
danger is from a sniper hiding
in a hleh building."
In a copyright interview with
U.S. News & World Report,
Baughman said he didn't know
if the Secret Service did all It
could to protect Kennedy be
cause he wasn't in Dallas on
the day of the assassination.
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Monday, Dec. 16 thru Wednesday, Dec. 18 at Safeway.
zen," Hans said today. "His
arms and legs were stiff from
cold and he could scarcely
raise his head."
The man was the Jonelta's
captain, Olo Johansen, 34. He
Eastern U.S.
in deep freeze
By United Press International
The eastern two-thirds of the
nation was kept inside a deep
freeze lockup of cold air
masses today that promised to
keep temperatures crisp to bit
ter cold.
Temperatures ranged from 22
degrees below zero at Interna
tional Falls, Minn., to 47 de
grees in Tampa, Fla. Nebraska
and the Dakotas had readings
that ranged from 10 to 20 be
low. No relief appeared to be in
sight from the cold fronts
which might allow some snow
flurries in North and Midwest
in the midst of sub-zero weath
er. Ohio was expecting three or
more additional inches in some
areas.
Mostly fair skies prevailed
across the nation with some
cloudiness in the upper Ohio
Valley, south central states and
the Gulf Coast.
Precipitation has been gener
ally light in the Great Lakes
and Ohio Valley. Traverse City,
Mich., however, reported an
additional six inches of snow,
Maine, Now Hampshire, Ver
mont and Rhode Island were
caught under a freeze-up of
temperatures zero and slightly
below.
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had watched four of his 10.'
crewmen freeze to death and'v
had seen the other six swept '
away by the sea, but some
thing kept him awake and
fighting for survival.
He told of his ordeal today In
the Namsos Hcspital where he
was reported in good condition
and expected to recover, thanks
to the Hartvikoy brothers.
The Jonetta was sailing north
through a storm and intense
polar darkness Friday along
me nortnwestern coast of Nor
way when the cargo shifted in
the storm, leaving the vessel
unmaneuverable and at t h e
mercy of the seas. .
A huge wave hit the shin andr
capsized It.
There was no time to radio a
distress signal. Two crewmen
lowered a life boat down the
side as the Jonetta listed badly.
A wave smashed them and the
lifeboat against the side of the
ship and they were gone.
Johansen and his eight re-
m a I n I n g crew members
launched the timber raft, hasti
ly stocked with provisions, just
as the Jonetta went down.
Waves surged Into the raft,
washing away four of the men
and all the provisions.
Johansen and his men were
wearing only shirts and trous
ers. One by one, the captain
saw the others freeze to death.
Johansen forced himself to
stay awake, fighting to keep his
blood circulating. His determi
nation saved his life.
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