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NEW 'CHARCOAL CAVE' EXPLORED Shown here is a section of another
mystery cavern, of the Charcoal Cave category, recently explored. It is in the
North Paulina foothills, about 15 miles south of Bend. Note the nearly perfect
arch of the cave, picture of which was taken by Bob Greenlee, Bend spelunker,
New charcoal caves found,
but mystery still unsolved
By Phil F. Brogan
Bulletin Staff Writer
Still unsolved is the mystery
of charcoal caves of tlie Des
chutes country.
Not only is the mystery un
solved, but it has been intensi
fied by the discovery of more
lava caverns holding great
masses of charcoal. Three of
these caves have been found,
all roughly in the Arnold Ice
Cave region some 12 miles
south of Bend.
The first of these caverns,
given the name Charcoal Cave,
was discovered in 1928 by the
late Walter J. Perrv, Deschutes
National Forest lurrfcerman, na
turalist and explorer. Perry
called the attention, of Dr. L. S.
Cressman, then hesd of the
University of Oregon depart
ment of anthropology, to the
presence of burned wood deep
within the cave. Dr. Cressman
reported on the find in 1938,
after visiting the cave.
Most startling discovery made
by Dr. Cressman and Perry in
connection with their study of
the original Charcoal Cave was
the presence of remnants of
some small pines that had been
cut with a stone axe.
It was determined, through a
study of the annual rings of
growth and the application of
cross dating, that the trees
were cut prior to the year 1370.
Trees from which were burn
ed in Charcoal Cave apparently
had been cut in the area, car
ried to the opening of the cave,
dumped to the lava floor, then
carried back under the rocky
rim of the cavern.
There the wood was burned.
But why? This was the ques
tion asked by Dr. Cressman,
who noted that the area near
the opening of Charcoal Cave
had been an old camping
ground. Artifacts and many ob
sidian chips were found there.
Dr. Cressman advanced sev
eral theories: The wood could
have been cut and bumed with
in the cave to melt ice, to pro
vide water for the wandering
tribes. But. it was pointed out,
there was a spring only six
miles distant.
. Iron deposits
near Astoria
may be worked
PORTLAND (UPI) - Gov.
Mark Hatfield Thursday night
envisioned a $12 million plant
with satellite industries as a re
sult of development of black
sand iron deposits near As
toria. The Bunker Hill Co. of Kel
logg. Idaho, has been prospect
ing the sands at the mouth of
the Columbia River.
Hatfield told about 270 per
sons at the annual dinner meet
ing of the East Side Commercial
Club he had been told that a
$12 million plant would be con
structed if Bunker Hill found
iron deposits of sufficient ex
tent and grade.
The governo said an answer
should be known in about a
year.
He said there were good rea
sons to expect satellite indus
tries if the iron deposits were
developed.
The governor said the state's
per capita income Increased by
5.4 per cent during the first six
months of 1963, compared to a
national figure of 5.2 per cent.
BULL REPRESENTS HOGS
LONDON (UPI) The legal
firm of Bull and Bull repre
sents British Scieace JOiawW
Or, Dr. Cressman said, the
underground lava chamber
could have served as a cere
monial room a sort of kiva.
There is no evidence that
Charcoal served as a habita
tion. Scarcely any artifacts or
kitchen midden material was
found in the debris. Dr. Cress
man noted the charcoal was
virtually ashless.
Recently, Bob Greenlee. Bend
spelunker, when investigating
the little-known lava caverns in
the northern Paulina foothills
explored another cave holding
a huge amount of charcoal.
This was from wood that also
had been carried to the cave
mouth, tossed into the tube
opening, then carried back in
to the twilight zone ot a side
cave. There the wood was burn
ed. In the same area Is a third
charcoal cave. Greenlee did
find some bones, but apparent
ly these are not ancient. The
cavern in which Greenlee found
the charcoal has been known
for some time, but was unnam
ed. It is being called Stout
Cave. It was mapped by Wen
dell Stout who noticed the cave
when flying over the area for
the State Game Commission.
Differing from the original
Charcoal Cave, the new cavern
holds pictographs, possibly
painted on the lava walls by
the ancient people who for
some unknown reason bumed a
huge amount of timber back in
the cavern.
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w Mt:'. J
Soviet pullout recalls 1956 revolt
By Phil Newsom
UPI Staff Writer
"The Soviet army, which
crushed the Hungarian revolu
tion seven years ago, plans to
leave Hungary in the next few
months, diplomatic sources said
today."
UPI news dispatch from
Moscow.
It was 8 o'clock In the morn
ing on Nov. 4, 1956, and over
Budapest Radio came the des
perate cry:
"Help Hungary! ... Help us
. . .Help us!"
Just before that had been the
playing of the Hungarian na
tional anthem, and before that
an announcement by Premier
Imre Nagy.
". . .Soviet troops attacked
the Hungarian capital with the
open purpose to overthrow the
legal government," he said.
"The Hungarian troops are in
combat. . .This is announced to
our people and to the world."
Story Of Courage
The following days were a
story of human courage raised
to incredible heights, of treat
ery compounded, and, in the
West, a time of agonizing in
decision. The reappraisals and the
harsh recriminations for what
might have been would come
later.
On that morning In the
blasted streets of Budapest
men. women and children
hurled their home-made Molo
tov cocktails beneath the treads
ill i -
a .-. .'"j.
by "painting" the cavern wall with light. In the picture, from left, are Chuck
Rea, Beaverton; Kay and Marc Greenlee, Bend; Kris Rea, Beaverton, and Kent
Greenlee, Bend. This is the third cave of the area in which great masses of
charcoal have been found.
of Russian tanks or threw
themselves bodily against tank
portholes.
It was an unarmed popula
tion against 200,000 Soviet
troops and four to five thou
sand Soviet tanks, and before
it was over more than 20,000
Hungarians were to die.
These were some of the
memories evoked by the dis
patch sent from Moscow seven
years later.
Announces Withdrawal
This had been the sequence
of rapid-fire events:
Oct. 27-28 Nagy announces
Soviets had agreed to immedi
ate withdrawal of Russian
troops from Budapest and ne
gotiations for withdrawal of
troops from the whole of Hun
gary. Oct. 29-30 Napv ends single
party rule, forms an all-party
government and promises free
elections. The new government
includes Janos Kadar.
Nov. 1 Nagy repudiates the
Warsaw treaty and proclaims
Hungary's neutrality.
Nov. 3 On this night, on a
Soviet guaranty of security,
Hungarian military leaders
meet with the Soviets to nego
tiate withdrawal of Soviet
troops. The Soviets arrest the
Hungarian leaders and launch
their attack. It was the same
treachery which had been
employed against Polish mili
tary leaders in 1945.
Nov. 4 Joseph Cardinal
Mindzenly takes refuge in U.S.
legation in Budapest (where he
1
! 3
CORP.
J
in Hungary
sun remains), boviets rccog-
nize turn - coat government of
Kadar. Nagy takes refuge in '
Yugoslav Embassy.
Nagy Tricked
It was on Nov. 22 that Nagy
was tricked from the Yugoslav
Embassy and June 17, 1958,
that his executioners announced
his death.
There were other far-reaching
results. India, quick to con
demn the Israeli - Anglo
French invasion of Egypt, final
ly came to realize the brutal
ity of the Soviet attack on Hun
gary. President Tito of Yugo
slavia condemned the Soviet
action as a "mistake" and a
new period of coolness resulted
between the Soviet Union and
Yugoslavia.
But more important, the
heroism of the Hungarian free
dom fighters frightened the
Soviet leaders and did gain a
relaxation of sorts for all of the
Soviet European satellites.
I-
The Bulletin, Friday, December 13, 1963
Miners' revolt in Bolivia
spreads to new province
LA PAZ, Bolivia (UPD-The
tin miner's revolt spread to Co
chabamba Province Thursday
where two more technicians
were reported to have been kid
naped. Miners at Catavi, in Po-
tosi Province, already hold at
least 19 hostages, including four
Americans.
Government forces mean
while grouped for a possible
frontal attack on Catavi, about
150 miles from here, where re
bellious miners last Friday took
hostages in an effort to pressure
the government into releasing
three Communist labor leaders
it holds on murder and fraud
charges.
Miners ignored a 48-hour gov
ernment ultimatum to surrend
er their captives which expired
Wednesday night, and authori
ties said the matter was now a
military and no longer a
civilian problem.
Reports reaching La Paz did
not identify the two new hos
tages oilier than to say they
were "technicians," generally
foreigners, seized by miners
at Colquiri in the general Ca
tavi area. Reports from Catavi
said tension had eased some
what with withdrawal of army
troops from the immediate
area.
In La Paz, however, Interior
(police) Minister Jose A. Arce
said he and Defense (Army)
Minister Gen. Luis Rodriguez
Bidegain were taking charge of
operations. Arce did not rule
out the use of force as a solu
tion to the apparent deadlock
over the hostages.
Arce would not say what ac
tion the government plans. Rod
riguez had said earlier, how
ever, that "necessary action to
recover the territory held by
the representatives of anarchy"
would be taken if the ultimatum
were ignored.
The miners rlso were prepar
ing for action, iidio broadcasts
Wednesday nlnl urged them to
"be ready with dynamite"
the miners' favorite weapon to
meet any effort by troops to
take Catavi.
At the tin-mine center of Hu
anuni, between Catavi and the
government's forward headquar
ters in ururo. Communist union
leaders broke into a mine sup
ply shed and stole 16 boxes of
dynamite, with caps and fuse.
Father Andrew Kennedy of
St. Louis, Roman Catholic vicar
general of Bolivia, went to
Oruro Wednesday to try to ar-
range the release of the hos
' tages. He conferred with mine-1
uiiiiiM siiaiwi
union leaders without apparent
result.
The University Students' Fed
eration also tried to mediate
the dispute. President Victor
Paz Estenssoro told a student
delegation at an hour-long meet
ing Wednesday that there could
be no negotiations until the min
ers freed the hostages and re
turned to work.
Foreign diplomats stationed
here presented a protest to For
eign Minister Jose Fellman Ve-
lnrge Wednesday night, saying
the seizure of the hostages two
of whom are U S. Hinlnmatip nf.
ficia!s-"conflicts with interna-
tional standards of conduct.
The miners have insisted they
will not release the hostages
until three Communist union of
ficials are freed.
He taught his
class too well
RED BANK, N. J. (UPI) -
History teacher Thomas M.
Perry taught his senior class
about the labor movement so
well that he found himself fac
ing their organized bargaining
unit Thursday.
Thomas teaches at Red Bank
High School and describes him
self as a "fairly tough and de
manding teacher."
That could be the reason the
31 members of the class showed
up Thursday organized as "Unit
ed Slaveworkers, Local 211."
Some even carried placards
which said ' Boss Unfair.
The students presented Thorn
as with a seven-point petition in
cluding demands for a writters
cramp break, more regard for
the fact that students have
other subjects, an end to ex
cessive homework, a shorter
term paper and more time to
do it.
Thomas went alone with the
practical lesson in labor nego
tiations and sat down with the
negotiating committee.
After deliberating, he granted
one of the demands to give stu
dents more time to complete
their term papers
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WITCHAMPTON, Eng. (UPI)
The village store offered to
day to donate a baby sitter for
two nights to any customer who
spends $56.
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