"Did he say 'Let us continue' or
"Let us work continuously'?"
Revolution '63 (I) ".!uiuuimss
DECEMBER
fl3-T)S'4?
& tL a i id'i. .1
Negro leaders say massive push for integration is only beginning
t
Revolution '63 1
(First of Fivo)
(EDITOR'S NOTE: The so
cial revolution touched virtu
ally every section of the na
tion in 1963. Negroes demon
strated by the thousands, and
this upheaval, accompanied
by bloodshed and death, was
only the beginning, Negro
leaders said. What was ac
complished? What lies ahead?
On the basis of reports, inter
views and assessments from
all SO states, a UPI team of Al
Kuettner, Nicholas C. Chriss
and H. L. Stevenson has pre
pared five dispatihei on the
'63 revolution. The following
dispatch, the first, deals with
the Issue of public accommo
dations.) By Al Kuettner
UPI Staff Writer
In Birgminham, Ala., one
morning last May, a 23-year-old
Negro awakened her teen-age
sister. They had breakfast, got
their toothbrushes and headed
for the 16th St. Baptist Church.
The meal was a hearty one
because they realized it might
be their last for a while. They
took toothbrushes because they
had a good idea they would be
In the city jail that night.
Before the day was over, the
two girls, along with hundreds
of fellow sympathizers in a bold
campaign to break down the
segregation barriers in the Ala
bama steel center, faced police
men and marched into waiting
patrol wagons.
They were part of an army of
Negroes who made 1963 the
year of upheaval in the nation's
racial struggle. With variations
the scene was repeated across
the Southland and into the
North, East and West.
One of the main targets: The
right to the use of restaurants,
lunch counters, motels, hotels,
recreation facilities and every
other public accommodation
that is open to any other per
son in the nation.
Other targets: All brakes off
on public school integration, vot
er registration, job opportunities
and housing.
What He Wants
What does the Negro want?
One of them answered this way:
"You ask me what I want I
ask you what you want. That's
what I want. Nothing more.
Nothing less."
A massive study by United
Press International of the ac
tion, the demands and gains of
the 1963 integration turmoil
shows small but significant ad
vances. But the cost has been
terrific: 11 deaths, scores of in
juries, heavy property damage,
church bombings, riots, vandal
ism and thousands of arrests.
According to Justice Depart
ment figures, a total of 1,814
civil rights demonstrations hit
the nation between May 20 and
late October. They occurred in
40 states and the District of Co
lumbia. Of the total, 1,159 were
directed at least in part against
the denial of service to Negroes
in restaurants, hotels, theaters
and other public places.
The demonstrations that hit
the nation like exploding gren
ades from last spring through
mid-autumn went into a lull last
month.
A Justice Department official
said this lull is due in part to
the realization by Negro lead
ers that protest marches had
created resentment among
whites and did not eliminate
the basic problem. The assassi
nation of President Kennedy
further slowed the effort.
Atty. Gen. Robert F. Kennedy
has warned that the lull may
be only temporary unless Con
gress adopts a civil rights law
dealing with discrimination In
public facilities. No action is
likely In that quarter this year.
"Our leaders have aroused
the nation to the need," said
the Rev. M. A. Givens, a Ne
gro minister in Boise, Idaho.
"But at the same time they
have caused 111 feelings. There
needs to be a cooling-off pe
riod." Opinions Split
Is the Negro moving too fast
In his demands for wide open
facilities?
"Yes," says a white telephone
Installer in Chicago. "There
wasn't a nationality here that
wasn't discriminated against at
one time or another. But they
didn't go around with posters
and lay in front of bulldozers."
That reaction was echoed by
42 other white persons In the
non-South and 29 in Dixie inter
viewed in a sampling of public
opinion. But 43 non-South white
persons and 21 from the South
felt the Negro is not moving too
fast.
"I admire them for what they
are trying to do," said William
Price, a 39-year-old Charleston,
W.Va., calculator serviceman.
Even in Hawaii, where the lo
cal NAACP branch concentrates
on troubles in the mainland
South (because local problems
are almost non-existent), prog
ress of the integration drive is
closely followed.
As for the nation's newest
state, one Negro explained: "I
can walk into the Royal
Hawaiian Hotel and get the same
kind of service as other people.
Me fight for integration? In Ha-'
waii? We've got it made here."
Makes It Illegal
The currently debated civil
rights bill would make it illegal
to discriminate in a public place
affected by interstate com
merce. But 30 states have had
public accommodations laws for
years without ending discrimi
nation. Yet, progress In breaking the
"lunch counter curtain" has
been a significant gain, as hap
pily pronounced by Isaiah
(Skip) Gantt, the only Negro at
the McCauley (parochial) School
in Joplin, Mo.
"Things could be worse,"
Gantt said. "It used to be a
Negro couldn't go any place.
But in Joplin, I'm free as a
bird."
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.,
who initiated public demonstra
tions during the Montgomery,
Ala., bus boycott and has been
involved in scores of others
since then, has totalled up more
than 300 eating places that have
agreed to admit Negroes during
the current wave of demonstra
tions. In Birmingham, Ala., where
King led demonstrations that
became enmeshed in riots,
bombings and death, there has
been a small start toward res
taurant desegregation. Aside
from a tear gas incident in a
department store that had
opened its tea room to Negroes,
the transition has been without
incident.
Only in Mississippi has there
been no breakthrough in Inte
grating public places.
Biggest In South
The biggest drive to open
public services to Negroes has
been in the South where, until
a few years ago, a visiting Ne
gro almost needed a guide to
find a place that would serve
him. But the discrimination has
been far from limited to Dixie.
It happened in Anchorage,
Alaska, where a food store was
picketed because it refused to
hire Negroes ... in Phoenix,
Ariz., where a Mexican restau
rant became a minor sensation
over sit-in demonstrations . . .
in Wilmington, Del., where a
Negro boy emerged in tears
from a drug store that served
his white companions ice cream
but turned him down . . . and
in Spokane, Wash., where a
barber refused to trim the hair
of a Nigerian student at a Jesuit
university.
Next: The political aspects of
civil rights.
p. . i.i i n i in u i ; if m. iiji.iiun.ii. u u mini '". nun
Republicans have Job cut out for them'
Johnson may be very hard man fo beat
i Politics being what it Is, the
Republicans might find Lyndon
i Tohnson every bit as hard to defeat
In 1964 as his predecessor, John F.
. Kennedy.
And Kennedy, contrary to what
Barry Goldwater's supporters were
laying, was just about unbeatable.
' - We assume that Johnson will
head the Democratic ticket. From
the Democratic standpoint he is
Ideal. He is able and experienced
In government. He will have served
less than a year before ejection. This
Is the shortest period of any of the
eight vice presidents who came into
office as he did. He will have little
time to build a record and the Re
publicans will not be able to take
any wild swings at JFK.
At the same time, he is a south
erner, the first to head a major
ticket since Woodrow Wilson. He
will have strong appeal in the south
In spite of the current nffairs there.
His backing of the Kennedy integra
tion plans may even bring him
Negro votes that he might not have
received. And we just can't see
southerners vote against one of their
own, especially a man of such char
acter as Lyndon Johnson.
This will greatly upset the
Barry Goklwntcr campaign. Gold
water's greatest, appeal came from
the south. Now it would soem that
the Republicans must take a new
look at their "(rial horses" and look
for the fellow who can win in the
big cities, as President. Kennedy did.
President Johnson too may have
his problems with the big city vote
but he has had three years of ex
posure as vice president and will
have nearly a year as President in
which to cultivate the city vote.
Much will depend upon who he
selects as a running mate.
It appears that the Republicans,
if they are to make any kind of con
test out of next year's presidential
election, had better work fast, for
they are losing ground each day.
We would say that a Goldwater
Johnson race is out. The men are
too much alike. Sen. Goldwater
ought to go back to Arizona and
apply his talents to keeping his
Senate seat. This thrusts Gov. Rock
efeller into the spotlight partly be
cause Goldwater's star is dimming
and partly because Rocky's mar
riage isn't likely to hurt him as
much in the big city as it might in
the south.
Richard Nixon has been men
tioned from time to time but he
didn't do very well in the cities in
his campaign against Kennedy. He
might do better against Johnson
than he did against JFK.
Where else can the Republicans
look, with only 11 months left be
fore election? That hardly leaves
time to develop any kind of candi
date. Governors Seranton and Rom
ney are dark horses who wouldn't
be recognized by most Americans.
The Republicans have their
work cut out for them. President
Johnson, we would say, is sitting in
pretty good position.
Same man, different pursuit
When someone fired a shot at
former Maj. Gen. Edwin A. Walker
.early this year, few people paid any
-attention to the incident. Police In
Dallas, Tex., made only a faint at
tempt to solve the shooting.
Now it comes out that I.ee
Harvey Oswald was the fellow who
did the shooting in the Walker rase.
.Oswald missed Walker when he shot
because a glass window through
which the bullet, had to pass pro
vided some slight defied ion.
The fact that Oswald shot at
both Walker and President Kennedy,
who were miles apart in the political
spectrum, only goes to prove that
he was a bona fide crackpot. The
tragedy of the whole thing Is that
nobody paid much attention to
Walker when he complained of be
ing a target. Had Oswald been pur
sued as closely then as he was after
the latest shooting, John F. Kennedy
would in all probability still be
President of the United States.
A new idea on Yule decorations
The problems wilh Bend's down
town Christmas decorations are
3nany.
John Q. Citizen complains when
they go up too early. The Jaycees
are getting tired of the work in
volved in putting up and taking
down the decorations. In years past
the merchants have complained be
..cnuse the evergreens turn brown
before Christmas.
This year, a series of misfor
tunes have plagued the decorations,
mostly because they hang too low
across heavily-traveled streets. The
result is that most of the decora
tions have been dragged down by
high trucks.
It might be a good lime to take
a new look at downtown decorations
and perhaps come up with n new
idea that does away with overhead
decorations.
We'll put out one suggestion,
hopeful that citizens will submit
others.
Why not consider lighted trees
in front of each store, trees that
would sit on the curb? All it would
take Is a base, say n lire filled with
cement and painted while. The base
would be usable each year. Each
store could (hen purchase n tree,
decorate it with blinker Christmas
lights and set it in front on the curb.
A few rows of trees through
downtown Bend, each decorated
w ith lights, would be something dif
ferent for Christmas shoppers to
behold.
Picture story
of U.S. Capitol
is best seller
By Dick West
UPI Staff Wrlttr
WASHINGTON (UPI)-What
Is described as "the first full
color picture story" of the U.S.
Capitol came off the presses a
few days ago and was an im
mediate best seller.
The last time I checked, or
ders for the book, published by
the Capitol Historical Society,
were coming in faster than it
could be printed.
Titled "We, the People," It Is
part history and part guide
book. I thought the text and il
lustrations were excellent. This
does not mean, however, that
the book is perfect.
In my opinion. It would be
much more interesting if its
scope had been expanded to
embrace not only the Capitol
but the adjacent congressional
office buildings.
For example, the photographs
Include the first official por
trait ever made of the Senate
In action. One can only regret
that it does not offer, as a
companion piece, a color shot
of the senators' private swim
ming pool in the Old Senate Of
fice Building.
The book tends to stress the
monumental or museum side of
the Capitol at the expense of
lis other role as a "living" in
stitution. H could have struck a better
editorial balance had the cam
era recorded a couple of sena
tors in bikini-length togas In
dulging in aquatic sports.
I also feel that the book omil
led several important features
in a cutaway drawing that lo
cates, for the benefit of tour
ists, some of the chief points of
interest.
It is so happens that my desk
In the House Press Gallery is
situated by a door that opens
onto a corridor leading to the
public galleries.
Consequently. I am In fre
quent contact with tourists who
stick their heads in the door
and ask directions.
Judging from the Inquiries I
hear. 1 would say that the three
main things most visitors want
to know about the Capitol are:
1. Where is the nearest rest
roonr
2. Where can I find a drink
ing fountain?
3. How do I get out of here?
The historical society's book
Is remiss on all of these points.
Had it included a schematic di
agram designating all of the
public comfort stations, water
holes and exits, it would have
rendered a valuable service to
me. if not to the tourists.
Finally, the East Front of the
Capitol overlooks a so-called
plaza, which it actually a park
ing lot.
In view of the prominence of
this facility, it would have been
appropriate to have devoted a
few lines to the background of
the parking lot, which Is
steeped in history and grease
spots.
CELEBRATION SET
PORTLAND (ITU -The Ore
gon Section of the American So
ciety of Civil Engineers will
celebrate its 50th birthday at a
dinner here Thursday.
Waldo G. Bowman, the so
ciety's national president, is
scheduled to speak.
(?)
Washington, Merry-go-round :
Economizers obstructing
planning of '64 budget
By Jack Anderson
WASHINGTON President
Lyndon B. Johnson, the tall
Texan now In the saddle, knows
how to handle a balky mare:
He alternately whispers sooth
ingly in her ear and digs his
spurs into her rump.
These are precisely the tact
ics LBJ is now using on Con
gress, the orneriest critter in
the Washington corral.
Congress has dillydallied,
doodled, dawdled, and delayed
until it has caused near chaos
in many government agencies.
The Appropriations Commit
tees still haven't approved most
of the funds that the agencies
were supposed to receive six
months ago to operate. Of the
12 major appropriations bills,
only five have been passed.
This has forced the agencies
to get along on temporary bills
that last only one month and
limit spending to the amounts
budgeted the previous year.
Such major government de
partments as state, justice,
commerce, and agriculture are
still struggling along on this
hand-to-mouth basis. They are
not permitted to spend a dime
for new projects or activities.
Dozens of new post offices,
for example, have no scrub
women to wash the floors. The
General Services Administra
tion, which is in charge of gov
ernment housekeeping, has no
money to hire more floor wash
ers. Most of this stalling Is delib
erate partly to delay or pre
vent passage of the civil rights
program: partly to force cuts
in the budget.
By delaying or denying new
appropriations. congressional
curmudgeons hoped to force
savings upon the administra
tion. In a sense, they have been
holding the appropriations bills
as hostages to assure an econ
omy budget next year.
The trouble with this techni
que is that the government
agencies can't plan next year's
budget until they get this year's
appropriations. Obviously, It is
impossible for them to estimate
how much they will need untii
they learn how much they now
are supposed to have.
Yet the obstructionists, per
haps out of habit, are continu
ing to obstruct.
Johnson's Tactics
To get Congress moving
again. President Johnson has
been singling the leaders out of
the herd, backing them Into a
corner, and alternately soothing
and prodding them.
He has invited them to t h e
White House for individual vis
Its, has telephoned them repeat
edly. Now pleading, now pres
suring, he uses a combination
of power and persuasion.
"Doggone it," complained one
Senate leader. "I never know
what Lyndon is telling the others."
The new President has had
experience persuading recalci
trant senators to do his will.
Less than four years ago, he
stood at the center of the Es
tablishment the inner club
which exercises an invisible, in
explicable control over the Sen
ate. He would reward cooperative
senators with choice committee
assignments, support for bills,
even campaign contributions.
Those who didn't go along sim
ply didn't get along.
LBJ would cozy up to a new
freshman, wrap an affectionate
arm around his shoulder, and
talk earnestly about how to get
along in the Senate.
He made no threats. But
those who ignored his advice
found themselves on the out
side. They just didn't get along.
There were a few whom
Johnson couldn't blandish into
obedience. One was Maine's
sturdy Senator Ed Muskie, who
got a Lyndon bear-hug and a
special plea to vote against the
anti-filibuster proposal. The bi
ennial assault on the filibuster,
that bastion of southern states
rights, is regarded as a disloyal
act against The Establishment.
"Of course you can vote any
way you like," were LBJ's part
ing words, but his tone implied
differently.
Muskie joined the few who
voted to curb the filibuster. Re
sult: He saw the go-along guys
get all the choice committee as
signments. President Johnson
has been out of the Senate
for three years, but as of today
after five years in the Senate,
Muskie has yet to be given a
committee he really wants.
Senators with far less senior
ity have been appointed to the
Foreign Relations Committee,
his first choice. Meanwhile he
remains out in the cold.
Barbs
There's a cute angle to pilols
asking for more money because
of the high cost of living.
Waiters don't care for night
club patrons who get tipsy and
tight at the same time.
As long as these days are
trying ones try your best to do
your overseas Christmas shop
ping early.
If you learn all the angles of
your business you aren't likely
to be running around in circles.
RE ELECTED PRESIDENT
FENDLETON (UPI) -Verne
Terjeson has been re-elected
president of the Pendleton
Round-up Association.
The Bulletin
Monday, December 9, 1963
An Independent Newspaper
Robert W. Chandler, Editor
Glenn Cushmsn, Gen. Manager Jack McDtrmort, Adv. Memos
Phil F. Brogan, Associate Editor Del Usselraan, Circ. Manager
Loren E. Dyer, Mech. Supt. WilliaM A. Yetee, Aeeagia BA
My 'Nickel's,; Worth
People should look
beneath the surface
To the Editor:
The letters of controversy
over the Library situation are
an example of people looking at
a stream's surface disturbances
without examining the depth of
the undercurrent.
The Library is the bridge be
tween lack of knowledge and
experience to true sophistica
tion. The Library ought to be
used as a source for search of
overwhelming evidence of con
sistency for any subject.
At present a strong education
of teachers by librarians is un
derway. The use of the Library
as a kit full of tools is being
passed down to the younger
generation. But, breaking hab
its of mind to use a single text
book as a source versus getting
a consensus in the democratic
manner is considered upsetting
and revolutionary.
The fact remains that evi
dence to increase the perspec
tive with many viewpoints has
been in the literature since the
days of Sophocles, 527 B.C. In
other words, the depth of the
current of the resources of
knowledge in relation to a way
of life is 2,490 years deep.
The fright of the sound of
noise is not as frightening as
the existing evidence that elect
ed officials do not want to sup
port the Library, and the evi
dence that Bend voters who
would most benefit from fully
supporting and using the Li
brary are not speaking up for
the services of the Library.
Be happy at the sound of
minds waking up. Take up arms
against minds that are asleep
at the switch.
Sincerely,
(Mrs. K. H.) Belty
Oakley
Bend. Oregon,
Dec. 3, 1963
Vengeance, prejudice
not part of patriotism
To the Editor:
In reference to John H.
Hodges letter dated November
27, 1963 regarding contributions
B3S33E!
to Mrs. Oswald, I would like to
make the following statement:
First, I am one of those do
gooders he refers to in his
letter. Second, if it is un-American
or unpatriotic to have com
passion for others, love for my
fellow man, willingness to offer
a helping hand, and the Chris
tian's concept of forgiveness,
then I qualify. Third, I believe
he does not have a good con
cept of the basic principles on
which this nation was founded
and the driving forces that
have made it great. Finally, it
is my belief that love of God,
love of country, and love of
one's fellow man are basic con
cepts necessary for the preser
vation of our society and civil
ization. If hate, vengeance, pre
judice, and fear are necessary
to be patriotic, then I do not
want to be a patriot.
Sincerely,
Lloyd M. Gabriel
Bend, Oregon,
Dec. 8, 1963
Helping hand asked
for Oswald family
To the Editor:
I am only a sophomore m
high school, but I do not ap
prove of the attitude held by
the Klamath Falls man in his
letter to The Bulletin.
I don't believe Mrs. Oswald
could have helped what Mr. Os
wald did any more than Mr.
H's wife could help some of the
things he has done (if he has a
wife).
Mrs. Oswald will likely have
to work to support her children.
No one should begrudge the
money sent to her, nor a job.
Her children are American
and we should stand by our
own, even if they are fathered
by one of our scamps. If she is
a good mother, let's give her a
helping hand with them, and
give the kids a chance. They
are not responsible for their
father's acts either.
Patriotically yours,
Janelle Guerin
Bend, Oregon,
Dec. 4, 1963
Original Colonies
Answer to Previous Ptrtrle
r-i'i as sti past Matter. jinwT . 1917. m m Ps oatre at Ba. rm
enc '--'- Arts' Ma.r. 1 lT3, Pubaahee osAr tzafm 3avuo at eeAatft.
ACROSS
1 "Old Dominion'
9 Tea Party"
cnlany(atx)
13 warning
14 Twchtosd tWh
15 Abrogator
U Lacerated
17 Eject
IS Harems
20 Pheasant brood
22 Consume
: 23 Obstructions
28 AccompUaa
28 Lustrous
element
S5 Halt drink
S3 -Battle of,
Tien tan
colony
35 Colored
handkerchiefs
S7 Exist
38 Unfasten
38 -Battle of
Cowpens"
colony tab)
to Cupid
il Priestly
vestment
43 Hebrew
measure
atauachoaetti
city
49 Crisp toast
53 College
building
54 Balkan naftve
M Medicinal plant kr-
logically
SSBody of
69 Colony between
bar am oaaan
t M;'f
w tat
4 Spina
Nothing
7 Miss Robe
8 Admit
Change
under goer
10 Soon
11 Feminine
appellation
12 Celestial bodies
19TiUea
21 British
statesman
33 Hindu
gentleman
24 Russian
woMooond
25 Cleft
27 Possesses
29 Ivan for one
1 e In t fa e WTMRte gM3
lc 5aia jFSaMPit
jEjyEgyysTTjg
36 Operated a
phone
40 Heretofore.
30 Go by aircraft 42 Whiskers
31 Alkaline 44 Bovine
solutions stomachs
33 Estonian 4S Feno
WeihtS 4 I jpht Mrtrt
S4 Knave tn cards 47 Biblical judge
40 Downwind
50 Miss C availed
51 Well known
boter
85 Peruvian Wt
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