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fellow's from Internal Revenue
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(.S. milifary has always
undermined disarmament
Negotiator warns rail dispute
can only be solved by JFK plan
Pendleton's soul searching brings
question: What makes a good town?
For nearly a year, there has
been considerable self-analysis in
Pendleton. Bud Forrester, editor of
the East Oregonian, is probably re
sponsible for the activity. He started
out with a series of interviews of
community leaders, and has given
some examination to local institu
tions, , including the Chamber of
Commerce. Even before Forrester
started, there had been an intensive
discussion on such local problems
as the city's airport, its garbage
handling, and its police department.
This may seem strange to out
siders; it docs to us. Pendleton has,
among those who do not live there
but who are frequent visitors, a fine
reputation in Oregon. It is known
as a community where things get
done. The community - sponsored
Pendleton Round-Up is one of the
rodeo world's Big Four. Community
facilities appear to be, at least on
the face, excellent. The city is hos
pitable to visitors. It has all the
things a town of that size needs.
Pendleton has some lulus of
community battles. And this is not
bad. Community battles, provided
they can be ended with any degree
of amicability at all, do no harm.
They have the good point of indi
cating considerable citizen interest
in the community and its govern
ment. There are few town fights
where people don't care, where the
town is going downhill. Community
problems, and discussion of them,
are more likely to Indicate a town
Is on the upgrade, rather than the
downgrade. ,
What makes a good town, any
way? Why do some towns grow,
and prosper, and progress, while
others decline?
The first and largest factor, of
course, is something about which
the townspeople can do little. This
Is the resource base of the communi
ty. You can't have a strong, high
income, versatile, farm-based econ
omy in the dry plains of North Da
kota, for example, where single-crop
He owed it all to Lizzie
agriculture is a must.
You can't produce lumber if
trees don't grow. Bend has done an
excellent job of broadening its eco
nomic base in the past ten years.
But progress is slow, and shows little
sign of speeding up. Most industries
locate near either their source of
raw material, or their markets.
Communities can work hard at a
job, and not show great gains.
The second thing which makes
for a good town is its political cli
mate. This doesn't have anything to
do whether people are predominant
ly Republican, or Democrats. It does
depend upon whether or not they
take part in activities where their
votes are important. Do they ex
press their opinions on a school
budget? Do they cast ballots for the
elected officials in their city and
county governments? Do they
choose wisely when faced with a
bunch of choices?
Another major factor is the
economic climate. Are the city's
major employers and those who
work for them at each other's
throats all the time? Or are em
ployers generally fair, and employ
ees willing to give a day's work for
a day's pay? Are businessmen fair
with their customers? And vice
versa?
Still another important thing in
this business of building a town is
its Intellectual climate. Does it pro
vide educational opportunities for
its youngsters? Does it have facili
ties for those who realize education
is a continuing, life-long process?
Do citizens of ability take part in.
community affairs? Or do they let
George do it?
There are other things, of
course. But a city which can meet
these four tests, and their various
ramifications, need have no fear it
is falling apart. And even it if it
not quite up to snuff in one or two,
it still will be a pretty good place
in which to live.
Henry Ford, one of history's
most eccentric tycoons and one of
the world's few billionaires, was born
just 100 years ago in a farmhouse
In what Is now Dearborn, Mich. Ford
got his real start in June 1003, when
12 investors put up $28,000 in cash
to form an automobile company. The
Model T car, the foundation of his
fortune, came out in 1908. It is fabled
In story and song. Called the "Tin
Lizzie," it was once described as
"skyscraper high, hideously ugly,
funereally drab, and whether on a
city street or in a farmer's barn it
looked somehow pathetic."
But in Its simplicity of design,
the Model T was a maker's and buy
er's delight. Light in weight, simple
In construction, it was easy to re
pair, and spare parts were soon for
sale in every dime store in the land.
Henry made 15 million Model T's
from 1908 to 1927 at a rate of 1.6
a minute. When, under pressure
from the nw designs of Genera.1
Motors, Ford brought out his Model
A, the popular song was, "Henry's
Made a Lady out of Lizzie."
In 1913 Ford had initiated the
assembly lino technique, which was
to cut the time needed to put to
gether a chassis from 14 hours to
one hour and 13 minutes. From 1917
to 1927, half of all U.S.-made cars
were Fords.
When Ford In January 1914
raised the minimum wage in his fac
tories to $5 for an eight-hour day,
the announcement created a sensa
tion. Ford explained his high-wage
policy on practical grounds: "I be
lieve in the first place, all other
considerations aside, our own sales
depend in a measure upon the wages
we pay. If we can distribute high
wages, then that money is going to
be spent and it will serve to make
storekeepers and distributors and
manufacturers and workers In other
lines more prosperous, and their
prosperity will be reflected In our
sales. Country-wide high wages spell
country-wide prosperity."
Ford was easy to work for, but
not to work with." In 1919 he forced
the minority shareholders to sell
out to him at slightly under 5106
million. The following year he was
hit by a buyers' strike, and the Ford
plants were shut down.
But Ford was soon back In busi
ness, and in 192G he was reported
keeping a cash balance of $300 mil
lion to $350 miillon and to be mak
ing $1 million a day. He died in
1947, less than two years after turn
ing over active management to his
grandson, Henry n.
siln missiles. Without testing in
the atmosphere, he said, we may
not be able to perfect our de
fenses against a missile attack.
Gen. Curtis Lemay, the Air
Force chief, also pointed out that
Russia is ahead in building mon
ster bombs over 20 megatons, is
believed to have reduced a 30
megaton warhead to a size that
will fit on their Riant interconti
nental missiles. The largest war
heads our missiles can lift packs
only a 6-megaton punch.
Secretary of Defense McNama
ra argued, however, that the Uni
ted States is ahead of Russia in
the development of most nuclear
weapons, therefore, a test ban
wouid be more to the detriment
of Russia.
He also claimed that our labor
atories have amazing computers
which can simulate nuclear explo
sions and thus enable our scient
ists to continue developing any
weapons we may still need.
Pre-teen years
can be tough
ones on parents
By David Nydick
UPI Staff Writer
The pre-teen years often are
considered quite difficult. This
probably is more true for parents
than for the youngsters.
Some typical reactions of pre
teon children: .
The mother of John, 11, sug
gested that they go to the movies
together on Saturday. She was
upset when he said he planned to
go swimming with friends.
Fred, 12, told his father he
wanted to go hiking with his Boy
Scout troop instead of on a fish
ing trip with the family. His fa
ther was surprised since they al
ways had so much fun on these
trips.
Ten-year-old Ann's room 'was
messy and he didn't seem to
care about her looks. She pre
ferred wearing dungarees to
dresses. Her parents were dis
tressed that she was becoming a
tomboy.
Difficult To Accept
These actions and attitudes are
difficult for parents to accept.
But the children want to be with
their peers. They seem to rebel
against the family. They appear
to intentionally reject authority
just to prove it can be done.
Up to this point the child al
most completely has been de
pendent. He has enjoyed spend
ing time with his parents. He has
shown only minor signs of inde
pendence. Now the change seems
to be quite dramatic.
The natural reaction of many
parents is to block this develop
ment. They will either exert more
authority or perhaps extend them
selves to show their love and af
fection. The child reacts by be
coming more intent on proving
his independence. He becomes
stubborn.
Parents should realize that this
is part of growing up. They too
went through this stage of devel
opment, and should accept the
child for what he is. This doesn't
mean to drop all standards. It
does mean to administer author
ity with understanding.
Allow Experiments
Allow the child to experiment.
He can learn a great deal by
trial and error. His curiosity,
restlessness, loud behavior, and
daring should be guided into safe
and satisfying activities. He
wants to join clubs and organiza
tions. He may even organize a
two-man club. He is seeking sta
tus and recognition.
The pre-teen years surely are
trying times for parents. The best
approach is to recognize that
most of this behavior is normal.
Although the child seems to re
sent love and attention, he needs
them as much as ever. There is
no need to permit him to become
disrespectful or extremely de
manding. He should have the
time and opportunity to pursue
his private activities. If this is ar
ranged, he is more likely to show
cooperation with the family.
Proper guidance at this time
can avoid serious trouble in the
future.
IRS REPORTS INCOME
WASHINGTON (UPD-The In
ternal Reverue Service said
Wednesday that taxpayers report
ed $329.9 billion in adjusted gross
income for lost.
This was $14.4 billion more than
reported In I960, the bureau said,
with about 500.000 more persons
filing returns in 1961 than the
previous year.
The Bulletin
Thursday, August 1, 1963
An Independent Newspaper
Robert W. Chandler. Editor
Glenn Cushman, Gen. Manager Jack McDermott, Adv. Manager
Phil F. Brogan, Associate Editor Lou W. Meyers, Ore. Manager
Loron E. Dyer, Mech. Sup't. William A. Yates. Managing Ed.
Entered u s.1 Cum Matter. Jn-uarj . lstr. at u Pul office at Hend. Oreavn.
u-.rttr Act or Mflnh 3. 1579. fMbiit!.! a&)u except Sunday end certain holidays by
The Bend uutleun. Inti
,,..,. ;. . ,.. ;;. v.- ... u-c-cyywi arrrvgretgy
By Drew Pearson
WASHINGTON It has been
true, ever sinre I can remember,
that the military always tried to
undercut a civilian president's
steps toward disarmament and
peace. In this, thoy have been
completely bipartisan. They have
tried to undercut Republican
presidents just as much as they
tried to undercut Democrats.
And they have received plenty
of help from the war contractors
and defense industries.
The success of John F. Kenne
dy's first step in the 1,000 mile
journey toward peace will, there
fore, depend in part on the mili
tary. I remember vividly reporting
on the activities of William Bald
er win S'nnnrpr nnirt tan nftO hv Roth.
4 lchem Steel, Newport News Ship
i and other defense contractors, to
i disrupt the Coolidge Naval Con
ference in Geneva in 1927. The
steel companies and shipyards
were willing to put up what was
then a very large amount of mon
ey because they didn't want arms
reduction and peace. They prefer
red the risk of war.
And it was Admiral Joseph
Reeves, chief U.S. naval adviser
at Geneva, who played ball de
liberately and brazenly with lob
byist Shearer.
Stassen Is Undermined
There was also Admiral Hilary
P. Jones, adviser to the London
Naval Conference during the Hoo
ver administration, who came
back to testify against any limita
tion of 10,000-ton cruisers, though
the battle of the Graf Spee during
World War II showed that two
6,000-ton British cruisers could
run circles around the 10,000-ton
Graf Spce and put her out of ac
tion. More recently there was the
case of Eisenhower's efforts at
disarmament, when Harold Stas
sen almost had an agreement with
the Russians similar to that just
initialed by AvereH Harriman.
But Ike's own military under
mined him. Bulganin and Khrush
chev in 1957 appeared willing to
go even further than the present
test ban agreement, were even
discussing the withdrawal of the
Red Army from Hungary and oth
er satellite countries.
But the U.S. military got to Nix
on and John Foster Dulles, and
Stassen was told to take a back
scat.
How much the military had to
do with sending the U-2 spy plane
over Russia just on the eve of
a summit conference dedicated
to peace has never been definite
ly ascertained; it is known that
the U-2 started from a U.S. mili
tary base in Turkey and refuelled
at another U.S. baso in Pakistan.
Kennedy's Tactics
To guard against either sabo
tage or honest differences from
his military leaders, President
Kennedy and Secretary of De
fense McNamnra met with the
Joint Chiefs of Staff in a closed
door conference last week. With
one possible exception, the pres
ent Chiefs of Staff arc considered
much more reasonable men, but
they have already started leaking
individual dissent to friends on
Capitol Hill. To JFK and Mc
Namara privately, they express
ed concern at the refusal of some
scientists to guarantee that all at
mospheric tests can be detected.
They believe our present system
is foolproof, but that powerful So
viet rockets could get away with
testing H-bombs hundreds of thou
sands of miles In space.
However, most scientists agree
that this likelihood is too remote
to let it wreck the best chance In
years to end the cold war.
The Joint Chiefs also expressed
fear that the development of our
own nuclear weapons would be
hampered by a test ban.
Gen. Earle Wheeler, the Army
chief, warned that Russia Is
ahead of the United States in de
veloping nuclear-tipped anti-mis-
Barbs
There would be a lot less juve
nile crime if more parents knew
how to lose their patience.
You can easily build a question
able reputation on things you
are going to do.
When it comes to working
around the house some teenage
girls always have time to put
things off.
A railroed firemen was married
in the caboose on his train. Isn't
thaf choo-choo exciting. .-
WASHINGTON (UPD-The Sen
ate Commerce Committee came
to the end today of testimony on
the railroad work rules dispute
with a warning by a management
spokesman that the problem can
only be solved by President Ken
nedy's plan.
J. E. Wolfe, enlef railroad ne
gotiator, told the Senate commit
tee Wednesday night that "posi
tive, deep-seated and pervading"
differences separated the carriers
and the five unions involved. He
said it was "highly improbable"
the dispute can be settled If Con
gress does not approve Kennedy's
proposal to turn the matter over
to the Interstate Commerce Com
mission (ICC).
Charges Compulsory Arbitration
The House Commerce Commit
tee called AFL-CIO President
George Meany who has joined the
railroad unions In charging
the presidential recommendation
amounts to compulsory arbitra
tion and would destroy free col
lective bargaining.
The Senate committee today
called Lester P. Schoene, Wash
ington attorney representing the
rail unions, and then planned to
close the record of its hearings.
Acting Chairman John O. Pastore,
D-R.I., said the committee would
go Into executive session Aug. 8
to act on the proposed legislation.
Wolfe said earlier Wednesday
that the carriers had made "some
adjustments' In their proposals
for settling the dispute and avow
ing a nationwide strike, giving
rise to hope that give-and-take col
lective bargaining might begin.
Wolfe said "in a sense" the ad
justments could be considered con
cessions but he emphasized that
the proposals mainly were trans
lations into collective bargaining
terms of recommendations made
earlier by a presidential board.
Blames Unions
Wolfe said the railroads be
lieved further negotiations in the
four-year-old dispute would be
"fruitless" without the aid of a
program such as President Ken
nedy proposed. He blamed the un
ions for the impasse that brought
about the presidential action.
Labor Secretary W. Willard
Wirtz met in his office Wednes
day with railroad management
negotiators but had no comment
on the session.
Wolfe told the Senate commit
tee he did not want to say the
dispute Is beyond all collective
bargaining but "it appears hope
less." Asked by Sen. Norris Cot
ton. R-N.H., If the carriers would
agree to placing the dispute before
an entirely new and independent
group named by President Kenne
dy, none of whom had served be
fore, Wolfe said the railroads
would "accept it on the spot."
Daniel Loomis, president of the
Association of American Railroads
told the committee "Congress will
have to face the Issue and it
might as well face it now."
How effective will Negro
voter sign-up drive be?
By Al Kuettner
UPI Staff Writer
One of the great political mys
teries of the day is how effective
the Negro voter registration drive
will be between now and election
day next year.
The registration campaign,
while mostly undramatlc, is being
pushed with quiet determination.
Following virtually all major ra
cial demonstrations this year, It
has been announced by Negro
leaders that the program would
continue In the form of voter reg
istration. Such an announcement was
made in Birmingham, Ala., last
May following demonstrations of
near riot proportions. Some of the
results are beginning to come to
"When men differ In opinion,
both sides ought equally to have
the advantage of being heard
by the public." Benjamin
Franklin.
Courtesy pleases
visitor to Bend
To the Editor:
A friend and I recently return
ed from a wonderful tour of Ore
gon, Washington and Idaho. 1
think you will be interested to
know that we appreciated the
courtesy we were shown in Bend
very much.
We enjoyed our motel stay, a
lour of your area, and the res
taurant and service station ac
commodations. We especially en
joyed the polite and courteous
treatment we received.
I shall be forever grateful and
wish I could bring a whole cara
van of tourists to Bend. I'm sure
you are proud of the people who
serve your visitors so well. We
hope to return to Bend at some
future date.
Mrs. Charles Fanshier
Oak Knoll Castle,
Coarscgold, Calif..
July 28, 1963
Watered down
move against
Portugal voted
UNITED NATIONS. N.Y. (UPI)
The Security Council Wednes
day approved by an 8-0 vote with
the United States, Britain and
France abstaining a watered down
resolution disciplining Portugal
for its policy in its overseas ter
ritories. The resolution asks all countries
to withhold from Portugal arms,
military and other supplies
"which would enable It to con
tinue its repression of the peoples
of the territories under its admin
istration." It calls upon Portugal to take
steps in those territories .'Jigo
la, Mozambique and Portuguese
Guinea to grant self-deteraina-tkm
and independence to the na
tives. Ambassador Adlai E. Stevenson
said the United States abstained
"primarily because we do not
believe the resolution was drafted
either in the language or form
best calculated to achieve the re
sults we all seek as quickly and
harmoniously as possible."
PLANES FORCED DOWN
SCHW EINFURT, Germany
(UPI i Six Czechoslovakian
sports planes made storm-forced
landings on a U.S. Army air field
Wednesday. The pilots were al
lowed to fly out after questioning.
light.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. who
led the Birmingham civil rights
drive announced recently that
2,000 Negroes have been added to
, the voter rolls in six weeks,
bringing the city's voting Negroes
to about 14,000.
Used Same Figures
The Justice Department used
the same figures Wednesday to
show how far behind are Bir
mingham Negroes in voting sta
tus. In a suit filed by the govern
ment it was noted that of 116,100
Negroes eligible to vote only 14,
000 are registered. There are 120,
000 white voters among 256,300
eligible, the suit said.
George Bellsnyder, chairman on
the Jefferson (Birmingham)
County board of registrars and a
defendant in the case, denies that
his county discriminates against
voter applicants. He explains that
white and Negro applicants are
given the same forms, are asked
the same questions and hold up
their right hands to swear to the
same oath.
The Justice Department said it
had photographed voting records
for a year to gather evidence. It
charged Negroes were tested
strictly, the whites were given
the easy way out.
Bellsnyder replies:
No Grading System
"There is no grading system on
the test. White and Negro appli
cants are graded exactly the
same.
"The fact is that only in recent
months have Negroes attempted
to register. The whites have been
registering all the time. Now the
Negroes are trying to catch up
in one year what was 100 years
in the making. You can't do it."
Alabama Atty. Gen. Richmond
Flowers argued last week that
some Negro voter applicants had
refused to pledge they would bear
arms for their country one of
the questions asked. He said he
thought no one should be allowed
to vote who wouldn't do that.
As the voter registration drive
grows ever stronger, one thing
, appears obvious: The Justice De
partment will intervene more ag
gressively in the coming months.
The Birmingham suit was the
largest voter discrimination case
ever filed.
Approval of
NW power
bill is seen
By Marguerite Davis
UPI Staff Writer
WASHINGTON (UPI) - South
Dakota congressmen agreed to
day the Pacific Northwest power
bill which they regard as selfish
almost surely will be passed by
the House, probably early next
month.
The legislation would pave the
way for construction of transmis
sion lines to carry the Bonneville
Power Administration's (BPA)
surplus power from the Pacific
Northwest to California. It also
would give first call on power
from the Columbia River dams
to industry and private utilities in
the area, as well as to publicly
owned utilities.
This provision is opposed bp
members of Congress from Mis
souri River Basin (MRB) states,
where the 50-year-old law giving
publicly owned utilities preference
in buying the federal power still
is ;t effect.
Reps. E. Y Berry and Ben Rei
fel, R-S.D., contend this is a first
step to abandonment of the time
honored preference clause.
Their own state is guaranteed
first call on half the power pro
duced at Big Ben Dam, but they
said this is different. Big Ben
is only one of six federal dams
in the MRB, four of which are
located in South Dakota, they
said, and the Big Ben provision
was intended as a bonus to the
state for giving up so much rich,
tax-producing land to control the
Missouri.
Berry, a member of the House
Interior Committee which r-p-proved
the Senate-passed Pacific
Northwest bill, threatened to of
fer amendments which would
make the same first call prfer
ence applicable in the MRB area.
He could not do so, however, he
told UPI, because of House rules
requiring that amendments be
pertinent to the bill, but his an
nouncement produced a flurry of
potest from the midwest
Defeat Urged
"We urge you most strongly to
. . . defeat both the regional pref
erence in the Northwest and your
own amendment," V. T. Hanlon,
manager of the East River Elec
trie Co-operative, Madison, S. D.,
telegraphed.
Other protests were received
from Basin Electric Consumers'
Co-op, Stanton, N.D., and Midwest
Electric Consumers Association,
Denver, :
"Why didn't they come to life
sooner," Berry inquired. "They
didn't testify against the bill."
The National Asociation of
REA's took no stand on the bill,
he noted, even though spokesmen
"told mo they hoped it would be
defeated because they didn't want
to see the public preference clause
chiseled away."
"It's a selfish gesture on the
part of the Pacific Northwest,"
Reifel said. "Bonneville produces
more power than can be used
there, and California needs it, but
the BPA won't sell the surplus
unless it has this regional pref
erence clause."
The regional preference Is de
signed to attract industry to the
area with the lure of cheap pow
er, Reifel and Berry said. BPA
power sells for 2 1-4 mills, less
than half the cost at other fed
eral dams, they said.
"We're subsidizing the Pacific
Northwest to compete with our
own efforts to attract industry,"
Reifel said.
"If they're going to get this
provision, everyone else will want
it too, and I will keep my eyes
open for a chance to apply the
same principle for the benefit of
South Dakota."
Berry doubted that the MRB
ever could win such an attempt
in Congress.
"We don't have the votes," he
said.
Answer to Previous Puiikt
Sailing
ACROSS
1 Boat trio
7 Fore ind aft
sail
13 Farm
implement
14 Eiclte to action
15 Unsound ia
mind
16 Monsters
17 Gods
18 Svine genus
19 One of the
CycUdes
20 Printer's
measures
22 Roman brense
23 Baplilt (lb.)
24 Moral
2 Even (eontr.)
27 Raced
21 Shellac source
29 Nitrogen (comb,
fern)
30 Epoch
31 Firmament
32 Small boat type
34 Southern
general
33 Furnish with
crew
3 Injure
3 Pale
SH Center
40 Whale (comb,
form)
42 Ima (elite
44 Afghan
language
47 Orange essence
43 Brush defense
ril.(
49 Fabulous
animal
50 WUd silk
DOWN
IScoMed
2 Hindu queen
3 Beariike
4 Maanillne name
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SIR DOM ApFl I O SO S
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eufTN EVR EnBgl
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6 Scion
6 Sheep
7 Wise man
8 Rainbow
9 Zoological
(comb, forml
10 Of an Indian
language
11 Impede (law)
12 Headland
18 Dry. as wine
21 Hull part
22 Primitive
Japanese 22 Poke
23 Hold motionless 33 Pleasure craft
(naut)
25 Misty
26 English noble
28 Spanish
province
31 Spanish lady
ID I
34 lntertwiner
35 Glycoprotein
37 Networks
38Bree
39 Hawaiiar. dry
41 Nonsense
(Brit, slang !
43 Mixed drink M
44 Tap
45 Cameroon tribal
4o Seaman
apprentices .
tab.) J
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