'I'm a pacifist!'
... li 1 I I ; : rTPW
, My Nickel's Worth
i-My. ...n.-.-,.,...-,. ..m(f.. x.a r.fl . .,t
Florida Supreme Courf makes new
law; if probably won 'f survive
.' , Lots of law in this country is
made by judges. This is always a
shock to those who knowledge of
the law is limited to an exposure
to the U.S. Constitution during a
high school class. The simple view
Is that legislative bodies make law,
Judges interpret law, and adminis
trators enforce it But the decisions
of judges have a great deal to do
with the making of law. Such man
ufacture recently was carried on by
the Florida Supreme Court In a case
which so severely fractured the
normal common law decisions it
probably will be greatly modified,
If 'w indeed it is not overturned
entirely.
The case involved an action
brought in the federal district court
in. that state against a tobacco com
pany. The plaintiff charged he con
ta&ecl.Jyng; cancer as a result of
smoking ' cigarettes made by the
company. The federal courts ruled
the company was not responsible.
The Florida court held the manu
facturer was responsible, under the
laws of the state.
The issue of manufacturer re
sponsibility has come under con
siderable examination in recent
years. Perhaps the most publicized
cases arose when courts held mak
ers of polio vaccine were responsible
when patients contacted polio after
receiving doses of the vaccine. Gen-
erally the rule seems to have been
the primary responsibility is with
the buyer or user, unless the manu
facturer is making something illegal
or a legal product is made in such
a fashion as to be dangerous to
users. -
ThA Btillettn wejremee eantrtbattona
Is Ihli column from II readers. Let
tor must contain tho correct name
and addresa of Uie sender, which may
be withheld at the newtpaper'a dla
cretlon. ltHert mar ba edited to eon.
form lo the directive of taato and atria.
Student makes plea
for productive living
To the Editor:
One year ago I graduated from
high school. My teachers had
said, and so had most adults, that
life would now open up, that while
it was a cruel, cold world, there
Ijli was much to be had if one was
VYs prepared. Yes, I was prepared,
but I could have been better pre-
mrul if tha cruiial milti.a T
5 grew up in, today's society, had
--it challenged me instead of aDDeas-
-J? in ft mu f1ic!fiaC Diir'ri'ine lira naiul
; to take a good hard look at our
i culture.
How many of us follow the phil-
a osophy of epicureanism, that plea
sure is the highest good? Physical
rfii) comfort, social pleasure, and con
s' 3 sumer buying dominate our cul-
s-A rnral srpnp. Hnw rrnnrl it. is fnr
,!,Si us to consume more and better
products. Our world is one bia
u halllo nnrl ua fiafif fnr nut chara
wavs aaiuii, mtai. is uieio lit
for me?" Few of us have ever
experienced hunger, hardship, or
lack of material wealth, for our
courage for existing is our big
battle, our consuming power.
In the June 7, 1963 edition of
The Bulletin, one article stated
that with summer here, teenagers
who don't have jobs need some
where to go to spend their time.
Of course many parents would
never think of fiiidlng jobs around
home for teenagers. It might keep
them off the streets, yes, but the
idea of work wouldn't fit in with
the social trends. One can't ex
pect children whose parents are
caught up in the conformity of
consuming and appeasing . their
need for comfort and pleasure to
be any different than they are.
The musical junk one hears by
the popular pseudo-artists, the
clothing store advertisements, and
the drug store paperbacks all em
phasize and appeal to youthful,
fun-loving Americans. Pleasure
and recreation is unlimited in our
culture, and a shorter work week
enables us to pursue and gratify
our need for it. But far too often
recreation and pleasure take pre
cedence over all other aspects of
living.
It is interesting to note that
with all the possessions we in so
ciety have, modern man is ex
tremely bored. The meaningless
ness of the misguided search for
meaning in our time does not
coincide with the technological
and scientific advancements be
ing made. We know some of the
secrets of our physical world, but
we know little of the faith and
courage required for living pro
ductive, satisfying lives in which
each individual is realizing his
own potential as a human being,
and is being useful in helping his
fellow man find meaning in life
as well. Perhaps our search for
The Florida court opened up an
entirely new concept. This is not a
case involving injury when a ma
chine was improperly assembled,
resulting in injury to the operator
when it failed under usage. Under
Florida law, as presently interpret
ed, the mere fact that the manufac
turer made the cigarettes made
him responsible for the later illness
of the user.
Under this decision, it would
seem, a brewer could be sued be
cause someone drank too much of
his product, then got involved in
an auto accident in which the drink
er was killed. For good measure,
the automobile maker might be
joined in the suit, because his pro
duct, the car, didn't know enough
to stop running when a drunk got
behind the wheel.
The Florida court decision is
not binding upon anyone else. It is
an advisory opinion, issued to help
the U.S. Court decide whether an
appeal is justified. Unless the ap
peal Is successful, it would not be
likely to have much effect. And if
the appeal is granted, the U.S.
Supreme Court will be asked to rule
on the case.
Cigarettes are not particularly
good for a person. Each smoker un
doubtedly realizes this fact. Unless
and until there are clear legal and
administrative guides which would
make the manufacturer conform to
still more rigid health standards
than he does at present, it hardly
seems right for the maker to be
held financially responsible. The
smoker knows what he is doing; he '
still goes ahead and does it.
'Wl$fr
Washington , Merry-go-round
Still no official standards
for radioactivity danger
Finding a way
U.S. Department of Agriculture
officials, according to a wire serv
ice story published in The Bulletin
the other day, have discovered a
little-known provision of an earlier
farm price support bill which prob
ably will allow the department to
keep wheat prices from sinking as
low as was estimated prior to the
recent referendum. One suspects
Nof
so rare
I The Oregon Statesman publish
ed a picture of a mare and colt, the
caption noting the mare is 20 years
old, and pointing out that an animal
of this age rarely gives birth. Hor
mones administered the mare are
given credit for the feat.
Giving birth at such an age is
not as rare as the Statesman cap
tion writer believes. A mare 22 years
the discovery was made some time
ago. It is too convenient to have it
turn up just at this time. USDA
lawyers must have taken a lesson
from Percy Drost, Bend water and
street superintendent, who always
manages to turn up a little bundle
of cash which can be used for emer
gencies if those emergencies seem
to threaten his department budgets.
old in this area bore a live foal
about ten days ago, and several old
er animals have successfully foaled
this spring. The reason most mares
that age do not bear foals is that
they are not bred. Mares which
have been used for brood purposes
have often gone on producing colts
or fillies almost every year until
they are well over the age of 25,
without hormones.
'Depletion' undepleted
President Kennedy's tax pro
gram included a sideswipe at profits
of oil companies without a direct
attack on the depletion allowance.
The House Ways and Means com
mittee rejected the proposal, so the
depletion allowance will remain
without any penalizing offset.
The reasoning used by the
petroleum producers Is that they
need this tax credit as an incentive
for fresh exploration for oil. They
feel they must maintain reserves,
and that calls for steady wildcat
know about
view of the
In gasoline,
drilling. We wouldn't
the reserves, but, in
frequent price wars
wonder if the bait of depletion al
lowance hasn't swamped the oil
companies with a price-depressing
surplus which wipes out some of the
advantages of the allowance.
We should add that the com
mittee gave short shrift to Secretary
Dillon's proposal to slash capital
gains protection enjoyed by owners
of timberland. It drew no support
at all. (Oregon Statesman)
By Drew Pearson
WASHINGTON Congressmen
who listened to government testi
mony regarding radioactive fall
out were flabbergasted to learn
that the Atomic Energy Commis
sion and the Public Health Serv
ice have not yet fixed any stand
ards to show when and where the
danger point in radioactive fall
out has been readied.
Meanwhile, atomic testing In
both the United States and Rus
sia has Increased the poison in the
atmosphere. Yet the government
has shied away from telling the
public or the medical profession
or State Public Health Services
just where the danger point is.
This was developed by Reps.
Chet Holified, D-Calif.. and Mel
Price, D-Ill., during cross-examination
of Dr. Paul Tompkins, di
rector of the Federal Radiation
Council last week.
Under pressure from the two
congressmen, Tompkins finally
promised to set up danger guide
lines next year.
Meanwhile, the Joint Atomic
Energy Committee of Congress
heard testimony that between Sep
tember 1961 and August 1962, Salt
Lake City has been doused with
38.860 picocuries of iodine 131.
This is the ingredient of radioac
tive fallout which is especially
dangerous to the thyroids of
young children.
The dose which Salt Lake City
received during the twelve-month
period of 1961-'62 was consider
ably more than the full year's
level previously recorded. The
picocurte is one-millionth of a
millionth of a curie.
During the same period, the
level of iodine 131 went up in
Kansas City to 33.831 and in Des
Moines to 32.890.
At one time in 1957-'58 the Io
dine 131 count at St. Louis stood
at 91,250, which is three times
the yearly average which health
experts unofficially have said was
safe for young children.
Dr. Tompkins was cross-examined
vigorously by Congressmen
Holifield and Price as to why the
government had not fixed definite
guidelines for the radioactive dan
ger point. He replied that the gov
ernment would be reluctant to
propose radiation counter mea
sures In food distribution rather
than reduce the source of radioac
tive materials.
"The cold hard fact is that we
may not be able to 'turn off fall
out at will," Rep. Price scolded.
"How is it possible for the ad
ministrators concerned with pub
bc health and food activities to
make decisions without protective
guidelines on radiation?"
"Some guidance for health pur
poses is needed." Dr. Tompkins
admitted, "we all agree to this.
Within the next year the council
will make some very positive rec
ommendations dealing with this
problem."
However. Tompkins also admit
ted that when the danger guide
lines were finally fixed, they
would contain no figures. The
reason, though not stated, ap
parently was that the time might
come when the government would
want to violate its own danger
guidelines by resuming atmos
pheric nuclear testing, so didn't
want to pin itself down with fix
ed figures.
"Each year." observed Sen.
George Aiken, R-Vt., "the govern
ment witnesses appear to be a lit
tle less sure and a little more reassuring."
The Bulletin
Tuesday, June 11, 1963
n Independent Newspaper
Robert W. Chandler, Editor Jack MeDermott, Adv. Manager
Phil F. Brogan, Ataociate Editor Lou W. Meyers, Cire. Manager
Loren E. Dyer, Mech. Sup't. William A. Yates, Managing Ed.
E-tr! srid Ciam Matter. .'a?uarr ft. WIT. at t rVr effl at b-d. orrt.
V.(i9r At or Vatvlt S. I;. FubUihad daily except Sunday and cartas boiidAi by
Tha Band Uulltun. Inc.
meaning has been directed Into
the wrong channels. Perhaps our
human values have been deter
mined by our economic values.
I attended Central Oregon Col
lege last year and was challeng
ed, introduced to new ideas, and
discovered that the beginning of
knowledge and understanding can
be induced when intellectual en
deavors are emphasized, rather
than sport events or social activ
ities. I knew that knowledge was
important before that time, but I
was not challenged, and the at
mosphere fostered by our sick
culture tempted me to follow the
path many teenagers follow; the
path of a meaningless searching
for meaning, motivated by the de
termination of human values by
economic ones. The result is un
concerned apathy for our society
and our fellow man.
One cannot blame the teenagers
alone for their actions. The par
ents and adults who constitute
our culture determine our cultur
al values and goals, and intro
duce their children to our epicur
ean way of life believing that the
current trend Is, because of its
predominance, the proper criter
ion by which to raise children.
Perhaps the current cultural val
ues have permeated our second
ary educational systems as well.
Education should serve as a
means for understanding life and
the values of productive living in
stead of supporting the current
trend of bovine satisfaction with
and quasi-proper adjustment to
meaninglessness.
If what I speak of has become
a problem and a social monster, it
is our own creation. Unless the
unconcerned, apathetic, epicur
ean attitude is changed, modi
fied, or channelled into the pro
per paths, our culture will wither
and die, and with it will die our
highest ideals and reasons for be
ing. fincerely,
Sam Swaim
Bend, Oregon,
June 10, 1963
Writer questions
age of 'adult teens'
To the Editor:
My first suggestion to cut the
city budget is to get rid of the
"dog catcher" pardon, dog war
den as catcher would hardly ap
ply. He refuses to speak to me
about the dogs running loose in
our part of town in fact, re
fuses to speak to me at all.
Then in answer to M. Dodson's
letter. Do you know it was infant
teens who caused the destruction
or was it some of our "adult
teens"? I know several. They are
grown in size and age and have
to shave, but mentally they are
still in their teens.
By the way is the rumor true
that city hall has to provide wider
easy chairs and cars with wider
seats for the police department?
F. Johnston
Bend, Oregon,
June 7, 1963
Red Germany's Sad Anniversary
Attitude of the people of Red Germany
probably not changed much in 10 years
"The lid was blown off the Communist pressure-cooker
and the whole world could see what
was seething inside. Then the lid was quietly
rammed back again. Without protest from
without or resistance from within, the Red Army
reinstalled the utterly discredited Pankow (East
Berlin) regime." These few words from Richard
H. S. Crossman, British Laborite M.P., put the
riots 10 years ago in East Germany into a neat
capsule.
Demonstrations against labor conditions in
East Berlin burst into major anti-Communist
riots on June 17, 1953. In East Berlin as many
as 50,000 workers turned out for an assault on
government buildings. The riots were put down
only after Soviet troops with tanks shot their
way into the Potsdammer Plate.
The fever was contagious. The Reds admitted,
June 20, to strikes, arson, and riots it at least
a dozen East German cities from Warnemunde
and Rostock in the north to southernmost Zwic
kau. Once the disorders had been put down, Mos
cow gave out the line that Western agents pro
voked the outbursts. But the German Communist
Party acknowledged that it had made "mistakes"
in its policies, and promised leniency.
The East German revolts were the first
openly reported satellite uprisings. A "Pilsen
workers' revolt," which began In the Lenin Works
(formerly the Skoda munitions plant) in Czecho
slovakia and soon spread to Bohemia, Moravia,
and Slovakia, had been put down by force of
arms about two weeks earlier. These near revo
lutions were the precursors of the wave of rebel
lion that began in Poznan, Poland in the summer
of 1956 and ended in the tragedy of Hungary.
In East Germany as later in Hungary the
revolutionary current, however uncontrolled, cer
lainlv could not have been dammed without the
Red Army. Close to half a million Soviet personnel
were stationed there.
The Hungarian Freedom Fighters might have,
taken a lesson In advance from what happened
in and over East Germany. The Eisenhower ad
ministration, pledged to "liberation" of the Soviet
satellites, avoided any action that might be
termed intervention in the affairs of the Soviet
zone.
The United States did offer East Germany
$15 million in food shipments. The Soviet Union
rejected the offer, and so West Berlin set up
distribution points at which thousands of East
Germans who poured into the city could get :
"Eisenhower packages" of flour, lard, and other ;
scarce foodstuffs.
Ten years after the abortive riots, East Ger
many remains in the grip of the Red Army.
Oue Pentagon spokesmen glumly refuse to giva
out information on the armed strength of East
Germany, but an equally official source put stha
Soviet occupation force at 400,000 men, or about ,
20 divisions. East Germany itself admitted main- v
tabling an army of 90,000 men In January a year
ago, when it instituted conscription. West Ger- ,
man sources gauge the East German army at
175,000 to 200,000 men, with 10,000 mora in tha
air force and 14,000 In the navy. Then there ara .
reported to be 30,000 in special police units, SO,
000 in the border police, and 350,000 in tha factory
militia.
Few of these can be considered thoroughly
reliable. Indeed, if Soviet occupation forces were
to be pulled out tomorrow, the militia and soma
of the regular troops could probably be depended
upon for a revolutionary cadre.
Capital Report .
Demos split
to approach
By Yvonne Franklin
Bulletin Correspondent
WASHINGTON - Oregon's
Democrats in the House of Rep
resentatives are caught in the di
lemma which faces most white
Americans when confronted with
colored Americans demonstrating
and demanding immediate equal
rights. Although they agree that
something must be done, they dis
agree on the way Congress should
go about it, or if a moral issue
can be legislated.
Reps. Edith Green and Robert
Duncan take the position that the
civil rights issue looms over all
other domestic issues at this time
and must be dealt with head-on,
by federal legislation. Mrs.
Green chided Congress on lack of
action in a speech this week, say
ing: "... Meanwhile, during these
troubled times, what of the Con
gress of the United States? Are
we adult Americans to remain si
lent on an issue at once so grave,
so serious, and of such magni
tude that its repercussions justly
echo around the world?. . .to re
main silent while women and chil
dren display the courage which
we seem to lack?. . .
"How does this House of Repre
sentatives Intend to express itself
on an issue which it has consist
ently and intentionally avoided in
any substantive sense through the
decades and notably since 1954
when the Supreme Court struck
down enforced segregation in pub
lic schools?"
Mrs. Green suggested legisla
tion against discrimination in vot
ing, job opportunities, housing,
trade unions. . .legislation
"against the whole rotten fabric
of social, economic and cultural
discrimination."
Rep. AI Ullman, on the other
hand, has serious qualms about
the federal government reaching
into communities, for instance,
Other pens . . .
on best way
solution of the
legislation affecting business in
intersate commerce. He thinks
government pressure should be
applied, as is being done, and that
Congress has moved at the pace
it could.
Ullman thinks more pressure
could be used, moral suasion as
it were, to press labor unions
and businesses having federal con
tracts to hire Negroes. He criti
cized the churches for not doing
more in an area which he thinks
goes to the heart of society's
moral character.
The administration is sending to
Congress civil rights legislation
which goes further than the mea
sure which was sent to the Hill
preceding the riots of Birming
ham and the demonstrations in
Philadelphia, Oakland and New
Jersey. The legislation is expect
ed to contain at the minimum:
1) stiffer measures to insure Neg
ro voting rights; 2) provisions to
forbid discrimination in public
places which do business in inter
state commerce, such as restaur
ants, hotels, etc.; and 3) author
ity to grant the government the
right to institute lawsuits in be
half of Negroes on civil rights
matters.
Duncan and Ullman take a wait
and see approach to the admin
istration's legislation, but Duncan,
as well as Mrs. Green would go
much further in committing the
government to action than Ull
man. "I am apprehensive that unless
action is taken, there are going to
be very serious demonstrations
this summer," said Duncan, "all
over the country. . .1 can't blame
them; they can't tolerate 'such
treatment) much longer. . .fire
hoses, police dogs and jail can't
stop them: they are ultimately
going to prevail."
for Congress
racial problem
Ullman thought the N e g r
leaders were playing with dyna
mite in that serious and bloody
riots might occur and death bis
the outcome. Ha feels that such
violence would set the Negro
cause back and would not be tol
erated by the white majority.
Mrs. Green said that the only
way civil rights legislation could
possibly go through Congress was
if a bipartisan effort was made.
She believes there are enough
votes in the House if Republicans
on the Rules Committee who gen
erally vote with Chairman How
ard Smith, join liberal Democrats'
in first voting out a bill for House
consideration.
Tha fact that such legislation
most certainly faces a filibuster
in the Senate Is dependent again
on Republican support in any leg
islation. tBi&M.ma,ga.Mwjaa;i
Barbs
It only leaves you flat when
you blow up because one of your
tires does.
If a girl wants the lads to give
her the eye the should make up
her mind to mind her make-up.
Some teen-agers who go to tha
barbershop for a haircut should
also get an oil change.
When summer really sets In
It will be too hot or some people
to do the outside job that it was
too cold to do in the winter.
Actress
Artswr to Pwvfous Pun I
fogs 'n figures
Smokers' characteristics have
been the subject of many recent
scientific inquiries, and now an
anthropologist reports that most
of them are taller and heavier
than non-smokers.
That buries that old wheeze
about smoking stunting your
growth. Or does it? Come to think
of it, ex-smokers usually are too
old to grow taller, but most of
them do show definite growth
signs. In girth, that is. (Eugene
Register-Guard.)
Employment up
SAN FRANCISCO WV -The
Bureau of Labor Statistics an
nounced Monday that nonas:ncul
tural wage snd salary employ
ment in the 13 Western states,
including Alaska and Hawaii, rose
to 8 9 million in mid-April a
gam of 79.500 over March.
However, the gam fell short of
the expected increase by about
1P.0O0, according to Max D. Kos
Kiris. director of the bureaus
Western region.
ACROSS
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6 Sh of
descent
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covering
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experiejjca
16 Negative
prefix
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Portuguese
India
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20 Prodigal
24 Glazier's frame
27 Declares
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33 Tarn aside
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wed
35 Re sow?
33 She s a
performer
39 Police term
41 Garden tool
44 Route (ab,
45 Priority (prefix)
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row
55 Portrait sitting
56 Fortification
57 Puts sp a poker
stake
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fabne
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excess
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36 Challenges 47 Pieces out
37 sergeant ( atxj 49 collection ox
40 Promontory
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42 Shield bearing
43 Geraint's wile
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savin es
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52 Beverage
53 Wiie of Aegtr
(myth.)
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