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About The Bend bulletin. (Bend, Or.) 1903-1931 | View Entire Issue (March 8, 1916)
Tin: iikni) nrr.i.KTix, hrnd, ohk., wkiixksday, makcii , into. PA OK 3. Cereals for Central Ore. Hy h. It. Urlothuupt, Superintendent llnrnoy Ilranch Experiment Station. (OrcKon Countryman ) In n consideration of cereal crops adopted to Central Oregon It must 1)0 remembered that climatic condi tion moderately severe wlntero, Bliort growing seasons and low pre cipitation aro potent factors In de termining crops nnd crop varieties iliut can bo economically produced. Vnrlotlcs admirably adapted to re gions wlioro wintors are mild, or ee.i Bons long and rainfall ample, may uo total failures here. The Harney Ilranch Experiment Station wn established In 1911. Among other things related to tho Agriculture of Central Oregon, ex periments with cercnl crops on un lrrlgatcd land nre conducted, that tho crops best adapted may bo deter mined, nnd thnt high yielding varie ties of these crops may be segregated from tho many existing varieties or developed by selection or breeding. It has been tho policy of tho Sta tion from tho start to uso the summer fallow method so essential to tho profltablo production of corcals In this region. Most of tho Stntlon was fallowed In 1912, tho first real re sults not having been obtained until 1013. Since this two moro years work has been done. Thrco years hi not long to nccuni ulato rollnblo datn on crop yields. Though every precaution bo taken seasonnl variations piny Biich an Im portant part thnt only by averaging sovernl year's results can accuracy bo approximated. Many important facts have already been established nnd many points aro yet to bo clear ed up. Ceronl crop nnd cercnl crop vnr lny trials have been conducted with wintor wheat, oats, barley, emmcr, rpclt, nnd ryo; also with spring vlicat, onts, bnrloy, emmer, ryo nnd (lax. Trials hove been nindo with v Intor cereals sown very early In the spring. Of tho winter cereals tested, win ter wheat and winter rye are most promising. Of these, winter wheat is tho most dependable ns n grain crop under good dry fnrmlng meth ods. Tho Turkey Red group of whenta have shown considerable .su periority In hardiness ob well as high yield of high quality wheat. C. 1. No. lm"S lies produced the highest nvorngo ylold of tho several Turkey Red strains on trial. Winter ryo heads very early and Is often frosted, thus making It an tinsnfo grnln crop, except In locali ties whoref rostlng Is infrequent. As a liny crop It Is good, especially whore rodents and rnbblts nre num erous. It comes on enrllqr than oth er cereals and Is not so pnlatablo to those pests. Winter emmer. snolt. onts and bar ley have not given good results in any of tho trials conducted. All suf fer ooveraly from winterkilling nnd nro otherwise uiindnpted. Or the spring cereal crops,, spring wheat has given tho most profltnble yields. Of tho many varieties grow.1, Early Daart has tho highest overage for tho three yoaro trial. It Is n whent of good quality and altogether well ndnptcd to our conditions. A variety known as C. I. 2I05 newly put on trial made nn excellent show ing In tho sooHon Just pnet and may prove of worth later on. Oats have ranked second of tho spring cereals. Under dry farming conditions, they will probably aver ago a poor second to wheat. A large number of vnrlotlcs of this crop hnvo been grown but sulllclcnt dntn has not been collected from which to se lect any one b?st variety. Sixty Day, Swedish Solcct, Iowa SUvormlnc, Hlg Four nnd others hnvo all done well In Individual seasons. Sixty Day Is probably tho best on dry land. Spring barley has not boon n prof itable dry land crop. Mko the onts, It should give way to wheat and rye ns grain ylolders. Roth aro excollo it crops under Irrigation nnd nro to bo recommended for growing on Centr'.tl Oregon Irrigated lands. Swnnnock nnd Hnnnrhon vnrlotlcs of bnrloy hnvo yielded best In wot years: White Smyrna, Marlous and California Feed In dry years. Spring rye Is undoubtedly a safor grain cron than winter ryo under av- erngo conditions, but It Is not ns good n liny ylelder. Flnx yields well on dry land In seasons of good sum mer rnlns. Its best uso In Central orocon. it trnnsnortntlon ovor reach cs this part of tho state, will bo ns n sod crop on nowly uroKen wnu nay nrendows, Of tho winter cereals sown early In March, winter rvo has given excel lent results both In grain nnd liny, winter spelt Iiob done very well; win ter ontB, hnrio. enimor and whoat hnvo not been prnctlcnl so sown. So far as tho tests at tho Harney Rrnnch Experiment Stntlon have gone, tho best cereal grnln crops for Control Oregon dry Innds nro Turkey Red winter wheat, Enrly Rnnrt spring whent nnd spring ryo. Winter ryo is n good hay crop and mnv bo grown for grain in favored localities, For Irrigated InmK ont3 nnd barley mav bo added to whiter and spring wheat ns n practical grain crop. Flax mav also comn Into uso ns n first crop on Bed. lands. lng hi tho fall, over shallow spring plowing or alfalfa was on eye opener to many not fumlllnr with tho crop. Somo of tho points which nre ab solutely necessary for a maximum Btnnd of nlfnlfa on dry lands nro as follows: 1. Use of good seed. 2. Innoculntp with puree ulturo bacteria. (If soil contains the bac teria, there Is no need of course, but on now laud tho cost Is too small to neglect this.) 3. Sow on Bummor fallow land. 4. Seed bed should bo Hue, but not loose. 5. Row In rows about 3 feet apart so cultivation can bo practiced be tween rows. Tho rows may be Blngle or double. 0. Cultivation to keep down weeds and to form mulch on surface. 7. Seed drilled ns shallow an pos sible, and thinly. SWEET CLOVER A GOOD CROP IN CROOK COUNTY A. E. I.ovctt, Crook County Agriculturist. (Oregon Countryman.) Sweet clover as n cultivated crop Is n now thing In practically nil parts of tho United States. In Oregon Its vnl uo has not been appreciated ns It should be. Through recommendation of tho county ngrlculturlst. 17 ncres of sweot clover were planted Inst year nnd-ovor 200 ncres were planted this year In Crook county. Tho results obtained lend us to believe thnt this crop will provo to bo ono of tho moat vnlunblo crops for Eastern Ordgon. Sweet clover was planted on both Irrigated nnd dry land In 19ir nnd reports from farmers growing tho crop have been received nt my olllce. I nlso visited a large number of ilelds nf nwnnt clover uersonnllv. No fail ures liavo been discovered on Irrlgf.t-1 ed Innd but tho success of the crop has been found to depend nln ost en tirely upon the stand obtained. On dry land about ono third of the ncro ngo planted was considered this yenr n fnlluro but In every Instance whero failure was encountered the ciii3o was found to bo a looso seed bed or tho planting of tho scod too Into In Hie spring for obtaining moisture for germination. All of tho sweet clov er nlnntod this year was pdstured. Oi ono flold of twenty ncres of blnck al kali river bottom land which received no water or rains nfter planting, tho crop being planted April 1st, fourteen head of calves and four head of horses wore turned for pnsturlng on Juno first nnd from eighteen to twenty eight head of stock kept on this twenty acres until October 1st. The variety planted is the "Melllo tus nlbn" or white blooming vnrletv. Tho hulled seed gives best results. Renorts from other states show that the sacrificed seed glvo n much lai- j ger percontngo germination. Tho I dnto of planting In Crook county this season has been generally too lato. On Irrigated land It may bo planted as lato as April 1st but on dry land It should bo from February 1st to March .10th. To obtain a good stand tho seed bod must bo firm. All san dy or I0090 soils should bo (Irmly packed before planting to sweet clo ver Iu'plnnting tho soil should not bo loosened moro than Is necessary to covor tho sod from ono fourth to thrco fourth Inches (loop. Sweot clover will provo a valunblo crop to most' of tho Eastern Oregon Hills because of Its ability to ndd humus which is most necessary for profitable production oven though tho crop ItBelf bo harvested. This Is because of its largo and numorous roots which nro soft and decay read ily. Tho food valuo of this crop Is very nearly equal to alfalfa nnd thcro is nlso much less dangor nt bloat when used for pasture. Well fed stock will usually rofuso sweet clover pasturo or hay until they hnvo learned to like It hut after being turned on tho young pasturo or forc ed to cat tho pasture or hay one or two days they will loam to like It and will ent It as readllv an alfalfa. For pasturing, stock should bo turned ;o the crcp when about four to six in ches high. When cut for hay It should not bo allowed to bloom and makes best hay if cut when about eighteen to twenty four Inches high, Whlto blooming sweet clover Is a bi ennial and need not becomo a pest If not allowed to go to seed. Pro duction of t"he seed may prove profi table for several years to come ns tho feed la coming moro and more in no mnnd. DRY LAND ALFALFA IN KLAMATH COUNY H. R. Glalsyer, Klamath County Agriculturist. (Oregon Countryman.) Demonstration work with alfalfa on dry land, sown In rows far enough p.part to cultivate readily, has proven a success on most of our dry land soils in Klamath county this season Co-oporatlve work was carried on with twenty Ave farmers In the var ious dry land districts nnd In all, nine varieties of dryland alfalfas were grown. Out of these nine va rieties the most satisfactory results were obtained with the Raltic strain, a nameless variety from Kansas being a close second. Tho past season In this section of the state was a very dry ono and very unfavorable to establishing a ctnnd of alfalfa, especially on no-irrl- I gated soils. The average rainfall Is ! detormlned nt about 13 Ms Inches nor mally. The most successful demonstra tions were thaso on deep sandy loam soils which had been summer fallow ed the previous season or else In po tatoes, thus conserving some of the moisture of the season before. Our best yield was slightly less than throe fourths of a ton at tho first cutting. Some excellent stands were obtained however on land which had been In grain the previous season. Of these okly those which hod been plowed deep in the fall nnd left rough over winter were a success. A demonstra tion showing the valuo of deep plow- TO KILL THE PIUTE GROUND SQUIRREL OR "SAGE RAT" AVmk Should lie Started When Rodent l'list Appear. (Ity County Agriculturist A. 13. I.ovott.) smooth mixture. Stir in ono half pint of com Byrup nnd then ndd tho wholo mixture to the grain In a wash tub or boiler nnd stir until every grnfli Is thoroughly coated. Tho stir ring must bo thorough and If these directions nro followed carefully you will hnvo a uniform poison mixture. Distribute this poisoned grnln in Hmnll tcaspoonful doses near tho en trance of each burrow. Hotter suc cess will bo obtained by placing the grain on top of tho ground than In tho burrows. Remember that this poison mixture is dangerous and thnt all such grain and utensils used , mixing It must be kept nway from children, llvo Block and Irresponsible persons. As recommended In tho work against Jack rabbits, thorough, sys tematic nnd persistent work In ill Holds or waste land where these nnl mals aro found will provo. offectlvo. However, as stated concerning the rabbit work, If only ono man under takes their eradication his attempts will provo vain. Now is tho tlmo to do tho moBt cffectlvo work. Tho above p Ison mlxturo Is recommend ed ns tho best nt present known. 1 would seriously recommend thnt overy man consider this llttlo nnlmiil n very serious pest and work for his destruction. Considerable success has rcsultod from tho organized work against the Jnck rabbit In Crook county during tho past two months. The tlmo for accomplishing the greatest results with tho r.nlmnl hnvo passed for tho present. Another farm pest of nl moBt ns great Importanco to tho cn- tlro county nnd or great Importanco in somo sections la tho llttlo Pluto Ground cqulrrel, commonly known in this section ns tho "sago rat." Re ports from various sections nro that thin nnlmnl has already appuared in tho llchbi and all of those which can bo killed nt present will menu miviy times this number out of the Holds lntor In tho season. Many methods have been tried for eradicating this pest but none, hnvo succeeded ns well ns has tho uso of poisoned grnln. Mnny fnrniors uso tho manufactured poisons such as "Woodlnrk," "Kllmol," etc. Others succeeded as well with preparations of grains and strychnlno mndo nt homo. Tho IT. S. Hlologlcnl survey ban tested prcslbly ovory poison preparation known far orndlcntlng these llttlo nnlmnlH. R. A. Ward, Assistant In this survey, who has spout coneldornblo tlmo In Crook county this wintor recommends tho following poison mlxturo for this ground squirrel: 10 quarts of whent, r quarts of barley (preferably rolled) and 5 quarts of onts. Mako a starzh pnstonby dissolving 2 tablcspoonsful of gloss starch In n tencupful of 'cold wator and nddlng this solution to,l qunrt of boiling water, stirring until n clear thin paste Is obtained. Re move from the Btovo nnd ndd to this vasto 1 ounce of strychnine powder, 1 ounce of cooking soda and 1-G or., of saccharine (1-2 pint of salt may bo substituted for saccharine). Stir tho mlxturo until you hnvo a rich, creamy Lots at Half the Price Asked in other additions of Equal Distance from the Hu.sine.ss Center. Lois 40X105 $75 for Inside, $100 for Corners Lois 50X125- $100 for Inside, $125 for Corners REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS Central Oregon's Leading INSURANCE AGENCY Fire Aulomoble Life Accident Surety Bonds J. A. 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