WRXU RULLKTIN, BRNO, OWi, WKONWJAY, JUMT 9, !!.
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Bend's Sanitary hewer bystem is Wearing completion
Engineer Describes Project Which, at Cost of $75,000 is Giving Town Best Modern Sanitary Equipment
l w u-tr
ffs. "
rce M.
Mr. It. K. Kmin, writer of this iHlcl
is conxtnictlon engineer of the
city of UcnO, In charge of construc
tion of tho sewer ho doerilws. lie
in n member of the cnglncerliiR
linn of J. 11. A It. K. Koon of Chi-cngo.
As tho work of constructing sani
tary sewers In the city of lloud ueara
completion, It Is not improhablo that
many cltlicna would be Interested to
learn, In a concise manner, just
what tho system will Iks when com
pleted whnt will ho accomplished
toward betterment of sanitary con
ditions and the effect, of the Improve
ment upon property values. Espec
ially Is this tnio of those who have
mora recently located In Uend, nro
contemplating a residence hero or
tho making of Investment and havo
not had an opportunity to keep In
formed as to what Is twins accom
plished. It Is tho object or this
article to mako as plain and simple
an explanation as possible.
Slnco ancient times, or the dawn
of clvllliation. when man first real
tho simple process of dilution. It
was then n enso of "out of stent,
out of mind" and to discuss n matter
of sanitation was "Imd form" whllo
only tho lowest classes of humanity
wore engaged In tho construction of
systems of sewers.
Only within tho Inst fifty years or
so has tho truo relation tctwocu cer
tain diseases that greatly alTect tho
human death rntu mid tho pollution
of water Bitpplles by sowngo been
fully rcallied and clvllltcd mankind
seemed suddenly to discover that
dlsHsnl by discharge directly Into
streams was not always safe often
very dangorous. This apparent dis
covery and tho demand for remody
of conditions developed the necessity
for special study, experiment and In
vestigation which could only bo
carried on by men of Intelligence
and such training as to fit them for
Investigations of this character. As
rapidly as steps wcro taken liy tho
more densely settled communities
toward tho abatement of unsanitary
arrangements the demand for similar
protection was evident in the smaller
communities until In recent years
hardly a system of sewers Is con
structed without careful arrange
ment being mado for the ultimate
disposal of the wastes In such manner
as to prevent pollution of water sup-
d7neonbe
tho sanitary condition of his sur
roundings, especially as pertains to
of tho states there are laws prohibit
ing the dangorous pollution of
ST5'55'-5-"S-- , -JfJLH- " "
human body, he has devised means
public water supply.
of protection. In isoluted localities! " w "'s Prouiem 01 up-io-uaio
w nrmnrnmnntH wir unilniihtpillv ' drainage and disosal that confront-
primitlve but for tho most part'eu. me uuy 01 nenu wnen mo con
sufficient for his needs the wastes
subject o putrefaction were at least
removed from tho dwelling.
Wbero men grouped their dwell
ings together and formed cities It
structlon of sewers was undertaken.
Under tho old methods of disposal
by dlschargo Into a wator course tho
solution wonld have been simple nnd
obvious but to conform to modern
was soon discovered that simple re- requirements It has been necessary
moval of wastes from the dwelling
was Insufficient precaution against
the Ills of disease producing filth nnd
the other disagreeable consequences
developing from the decomposition of
largo quantities of organic wastes.
Man then devised moans' of conduct
to spend a large sum to provlda
facilities for disposal that would meet
the most exacting state laws and
effect disposal In such manner as to
cause the loast jKisslble nulsascc.
An efficient system' of sanitary
sewers Is demanded by every thickly
ins these wastes to a place removed j populated district, either from the
from habitation where nature could, standpoint of hoalth or convenience
without offense, perform the work i and usually both of these reasons are
oi rcuuciion to narraiess inorganic manuesieu wnen ine necessity iur a
ARNOLD COMPANY
A corporal! u unlike any nMier
In Oregon, or probably auywhero else,
Ib the Arnold li ligation Company of
llend, whoso shareholders nro tin
farmers who own tho wator rights of
tho company. There are nbdut 15
stockholders, woh sliaro of stoc rep
resenting water right for 100 acres.
The territory reclaimed by tho sys
tern lies to tho southeast of lluiid, fur
tho most part, from two to eight
miles. Water Is taken from the Des
chutes river north of Hem), liolnu re
tributed through a main cntial fri.ni
which branch off what are known us
tho North lateral and tho Pino Forest.
Tho main canal Is four and uiio-lulf
miles long. Kach of the lateral i la
controlled by n subsidiary coin puny,
these being the North Irrigation Com
pany and tho Pino Forest Irrigation
substances.
The most obvious means of re
moval was by way of the water
system of sewers becomes apparent.
The doslgnlng engineer nnd those
responsible for the installation of a
courses and for hundreds of years i system of sewors must therefore, ful
tho filth of the cities of the world fill both of these requirements If tho
was disposed of In this manner, by plant Is to prove successful and
for construction ,$74,000, Of this,
$00,000 was. raised by bond Issue,
and probably something over $20,.
000 will bo provided by special
assessment on directly beuetltted
projierty, thus bringing In an
amount hu indent not only to
completo the sower work originally
estimated, but also the disposal plant
and to provide n comfortable sum
for operating expenses.
Tho money that will actually have
been expended at the completion of
the work will have been divided lip
under soparnto heads approximately
as follows: Labor. $38,000: pipe,
$H,000; manholes, $1S00; real os
tate, $2200; disposal plant. $001)0;
engineering, $7500; miscellaneous.
Including equipment, powder, extra
work.ete.. $10,000. The average py-elleiil ero,w. Along the main canal
mil .,.! nnnlh fnr It... tuut IK tlloro llBVO 1)0011 tWO CaVe-llIM tllHl
five
RAILROAD APPROACH PLEASANT.
The railroad trip to Uend Is a fascinating one. Tho ride up tho banks
of the great Columbia discloses some of the grandest scon cry In America,
vhlle the Interests of the Deschutes valley Journey are varied and unique.
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Itullroud Itridge Acrohw Crooked Itlver on Approucli to llend,
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Scenery Along the Columbia.
adequato to meet public demands.
Sowers nnd other public works of a
similar nature, It properly designed
and constructed take Into consider
ation future prohnblo growth of the
district they nro planned to accom
modate and where tho cxpenso of
construction will bo unusually heavy
speelal attention Is given to the
matter of design and construction
that thero may be assurance that re
construction will Iks uuueceasnry
within a reasonable number of years.
All of theso matters havo been
given the most careful consideration
by thoso responsible tor the Install
ation of tho system now under con
struction.
Jt would prolwbly bo of little
interest to tho reader wero I to go
into detail regarding the'cnglneerlng
Investigation that entered Into tho
design of tho plant, all of which Is
covered in tho writer's report to tho
Common Council submitted upon
completion of tho plans and specifi
cations. A lirlof description of only
thnt portion of tho system now under
construction will lie made.
Heglnnlng at tho lower end of tho
Outfall Sower (that portion of tho
system hcyumUtho City limits) where
tho sewage will bo discharged Into
the dlBiHxwl plant, to bo mentioned
hereafter, a twenty-inch pipe extends
to a point on tho east thank of tho
Pilot Ilutte Canal on a lino with tho
alley north of K street. This lino
of pipe Ib about G600 feet In length
and Is designed to carry tho sowago
of a city of about 25,000 population.
At tho upper end of tho twenty-Inch
pipe there wltl bo the Junction of the
two main trunk sowers. These
sowers will bo each sixteen Inches In
diameter one extending southward
Into Wlcstorln and Center Additions,
the other crossing the canal and ex
tending southwestward Into tho cen
ter of tho business district. The
latter line only Is being constructed
under the present work. This line
consists of about 3300 feet of pipe
and at the upper end Is Joined by
the ton-Inch line from tho south and
which parallols the oast lino of tho
railroad right of way, and the
twolvo-lnch line which extends west
ncross tho railroad ami Into tlio
business portion of the City, ending
at Ohio street, where It Is Joined by
tho ten-Inch lino connecting the
various laterals In tho district now
being provided with sewors.
At each angle In tho lines and at
street Intersections where future
Junctions are to bo mado when tho
system s extended thero are built
manholes of concrete construction.
The plpo systom Involves tho uso
of approximately G500 feet of twenty
Inch pipe, 3300. feet of slxteon-lnch
pipe. 3800 feot of twelve-Inch plpo.
2200 feet of ten-Inch plpo nnd 4800
feet of eight-Inch pipe;, the excava
tion of about 9000 cubic yards of
rock nnd S000 cubic yards of earth
and tho building of GO manholes.
Automatic flush tanks built at the
upper ends of tho laterals provide
flushing water at such Intervals as
tho operator may determine as neces
sary. Six tunnels are rcqiiirod,
aggregating a total length of about
380 feet, tho longest of which is 1-17
feet. Vitrified clay plpos wlt'i
( uesit ,olHts from the ple lines and
onb first class materials and con
struction methods have been permit
ted, the effort being to so build the
Bvsiem wiai mo sewors may ie. n The qUBgton of building a sewer
everv way. as effoetlve long beyond Byi)tem for ,en,i WHi nrgl iia ,toforo
t ., i..,,i.luw iU,iinKitwi.uillll C,y council by Dr. V. c. roe. 1
as when tho lines aro first put lntoMv,,e no wa8 ,H.orf jn tHO iH,r'
'nlfe- . . , , , ., I part of 1911. The matter was dls-
For ptirposofl of final disposal tho CIIWH)d from tlna t0 mo, an,i tlu
rity has purchased forty acres of nr,-t ,onnilo actlo( ukcn pet,ruar i
suitable land upon which the 'disposal 27 1JM2i WM t0 eBgHfe thl, flrm of
plant will be constructed. Thelj & K Koo ()f ccnKO toJ
plant consists ossontlttlly of a Bottling ,,,,.. .,. ,.., u,u.lni.niiBu On
tank of tho Imhoff typo and Led for Ju,y 2i ,,,, U ce,, cnea
nil' uiiiiuaio uwputtfli ui iiiu iiiiuiii
wastes. Tho tank will bo of tho
kind that Is now generally pro
nounced to bo most efflcltnt In the
rcdurtlon of the solids contained In
domestic (towage. It la not llko tho
si called "septic tank" but provision
' Is made for tho reduction of the
solids In a chamber separated from
the one through which tho liquids
are permitted to flow directly to tho
outlet In about two hours time.
From the tank tho clarified sow
age flows onto half aero beds, so
piped and arranged as to provide for
the rapid and uniform distribution
of tho flow. These beds may bo
either cultivated and crops grown or
used simply for tho disposal by tho
procesH of percolation and evapora
tion, tho surfaco being kept freo from
vegetation. H Is probable that tho
former method will bo adopted as tho
sewago will not only provide mois
ture but also valuable fertilizer. The
city owns a water right acquired
with tho land so that ninplo water
may bo had for Irrigation until such
time as thero Is sufficient sewage flow
to provide amplo molsturo for ma
turing crops.
The s'udge accumulating n tile
tank will be much loss In volume
than Is the caso In tho ordinary type
of septic tank nnd will bo drawn off
from time to tlmo and disposed of on
beds especially prepared to receive It.
It Is expected that tho systom will
bo completed and ready for use by
tho first of Ootober, Tho cost of tho
plant will be about $80,000, Includ
ing moneys spent for disposal plant,
real estate and right of way,
Sufficient progress has now been
mado about 70 per cent of tho total
Job being completed July 1 so that
It Is certain bat the ultimate figures
will not exceed the amount estimated
CO-OPERATIVE IRRIGATION
COMPANIES" ARE SUCCESSFUL
Company. They each havo thulr own
board of directors and other olllcem,
but each Ih closely iilllllated with thu
Arnold or parent t'umpiuiy.
Thu Arnold system holds n water
right from the statu for Irrigating
12, 000 nuri'ii of land, although at thu
present Iohh than half this Is under
water. However, during tho past
year tho settlers have cleared up and
put Into crop a large acreage. The
history of thu project shows that It
has uot been altogether on "tlowery
beds of ease." Thu financial dim
unities have been many, but withal
success has crowned the efforts of
the hardy settlers who have backed
the undertaking. In December, 1901,
three men united to form tho com
pany. In thu early part of 1!)0K It
found Itself virtually bankrupt and it
new nnd stronger organisation was
effected, which exists today and Is
In a very prosperous condition.
Thu construction of tho company's
flume was n tremendous undertaking
because of thu rough character of the
river where the water Is taken imt,
seven miles north of llend. The
flume Is n mile long, with a width of
12 feet nnd u depth of 3 feet. It was
iiitmilutKil In 11)10. It linn been de-
jclared by government experts to ho
the most substantial Irrlgutluii flume
In Oregon. The Intake wits mttde by
erecting n cofferdam nnd by build
ing a dyke along and In the river.
This Is the third season water from
the Arnold system has been used on
the land, and the settlers have an
abundant supply and are raising ex-
fa-
TV!
each month far the
months has been about I4.7R0
The system
stalled, and which
for operation this fall, embraces
about four and a half miles of main
and Istoral sewers. It covers the
present business district and a
considerable portion of the residence
districts. However, In making the
plans for this unit, a complete system
was laid out, Into which this mitt fits,
so that when thu town's growth
makes It advisable, tho complete sys
tem can bo Installed with the plans
now In the (wssesslOn of tho city. The
balanco of tho work thus planned em
braces about 13 4 miles of sewer,
mains nnd laterals, and will cost In
addition nlmut $210,000, according
to engineer's estimates.
When completed, tho present unit
will give llend sower mains of ample
capacity to care for Its needs until It
reaches a population of 25.000. And
llend will have the very best sewer;
system money can build.
i have given trouble and expense to
that Is now beliig ln-t,lu eomiwiiy, but flume has been put
hlrh Hbnulil Ihi rtxitlv ! I'1 at these places where the "bottom
... I f..1l ....,' l l... ..Mal u tltta .... .H.L.I.
lull nut ui iiifr muni mi unit mr ,,i,,j
dlfllculilwi along this line are looked
for.
Not only does the system furnish
water for Irrigation, but also makes
It possible to carry on sawmill oper
ations In the territory southeast of
llend. Iloth the I'lne Forest Lumber
C'oinimnys mill and that of Mc
Naught & (lertKon gut water for their
boilers from the canaU of the systvm.
The board of directors of the Ar
nold Company Is composed of the
following men: K. 1. Ilrostorhous,
I.. I). Wlest, Charles Slj'olioii, OIohii
II. Slack and V. F. McNaughL
History of Sewer
Project Recounted
mmmmmmmmmmmmit
44SWALLEYDITCH,
Operating on n co-optirntlvo basis,
the Deschutes Irrlgutluii & lteclaniii-i
ttoii Co., belter known lis thu Hwul
ley ditch company, lias been most
successful since Its orgiinlxitllou. It
has always presented a chum llunii
clul sheet, never going III debt but,
accomplishing what It was organized
for watering laud- by paying iw
It went, even though hi (Ills way It.
might not make thu progress which
It could by contracting an Indebted
iickh. Tim wisdom of the policy has
been proved by time, however. Thu
early stockholders of the company
"put their shoulders to the wheel"1
and did most of tho construction
work on the canal and flume them-.
selves,
Alt the land Irrigated lies east of
tho Deschutes river and north of t
llend, Included III the project being
12X0 acres under tlm Carey act and
sumo R000 additional acres of desert
and homestead claims that nro now
beliiK watered, or will bo Inter. Hev-
eral hundred acres under the system '
havo not yet been prepared for cul
tivation. This company, (lie pioneer In Ir
rigation work op a large scale In tho
Deschutes valley, was Incorporated i
mi August 23, IKOD, by William John. I
sou, W. II. MrFarland. (1. W. Hwa..
ley, C. II. Hwnlley. II. V, l.owo, W. II.
lllrdHoug, J. II. lleiiham and V .11.
(laun. Only Messrs. Johnson, C. II.
Xwatley, lllrdsong and lleuham am '
now stockholders, the other Incorpo
rators being deceased or having ills-
posed of their shares.
Tho capital stork of the company
was originally $K0O. It was later In-g
crossed to $1800 and still later to
$117. K20. There were 00 shares orig
inally hut at present there am ISiti!
of a par value of $10 each.
The main ransl of the company Is
12 miles long. The water was for- -marly
taken out of tlm DihwhuI
Just below llend by llilliin. There was ,
a change last ynar made eManr
when the Central Oregon Irrigation
Company's North canal dam waa
built across the liver si a xiHt about
fioo fet from the lower nd of tlm
flume. Water now flows over this
dam Into a hio1 or basin, from whlrlt
I, f .llUu.,U.l I I.U UlM.II.U ll.lll.ll
tl in MiiPlimi llllii III. nnRiin; ,,u,.,
A contract was signed between Uih l
two roinMUile W'heredy the ( O I. I
Lo. Is to deliver to the Kwalle pe.u I
pie 100 second feet of water, or 12S 'i
second feet If engineers deride that
this amount Is required to water tho
lands of the Hwnlley stockholders
The ollleers of the ronimn are
Kd M. Kwalley, V. II. Illrdsong and .
C. H. IIohkoii. directors, and William
Johnson, siwreisry.
OUTINOS ATTRACTIVE FEATURES.
The pleasures of trip-making In the territory around It are nt tbi
least of llend s attractions It Is possible, for Instance, to auto to limn) de
lightful camping places nnd wheru there are no rouds one may nfien dn.o ,
through tho open timber,
niuittin tit tittA nn a lustiil Ittkili rif
$00,000. This election was held on
July 20 and the vot was: Fori
bonds 119, against bonds 34. I
ret... unl. ... tl.u B..ik inn. twtaAtm . '
no raiu ill ilia tnuu , inhu. .
Farson. Son A Co. of. CWcsgo on
October 1. their bid being. $C0.M4.
with blank lithographed, bonds fur
nished free and accrued Interest on
tho bonds to date of delivery, absorb
ed by the bnyers. Revon bids, each
above par, were received for the
bonds.
On October 1C bids for construc
tion of the system wero opened by
tho city, thero being 12 proposals
submitted. The contract was lot to
the South Portland Crushed Hock
Company of Portland, whoso bid was
$59,398.97, tho lowest.
Work was started on Monday,
December 1C, by tho contractors,
Construction was continued by thorn
until January 22, 1013, when the city
abrogated tho contract. This was
done because, It was found that tho
company would bo unable to com
pleto the contract, having lost several
thousand dollars on tho work already
done. Tho council doomed it tho
best way out of the matter and de
cided that tho city carry out tho com
pletion of tho undertaking, under tho
siiporlntendency of H. K. Koon.
Under this new arrangement con
struction was resumed on February
C, and has contlnuod ever since, with
only slight Interruptions duo to
weather and other circumstances. In
drilling operations both steam and
compressed air outfits havo been
used,
Tho construction work is under tho
direct charge of It. K, Koon, subject
to tho oversight of tho council. Tho
special sewer committee of tho
council la composed of tho mayor and
Councllmen Ford and Allen,
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