! THE BEND BULLETIN "For every roan a square deal, less nnd no more." C11AR1.KS I. ROWK 15MTOR SUHSCRll'TlON RATHS: Our 7"t ........... ..l. jo bit monlM..,H......H. h...m.mmm. h Thitc mouth., ,.. .-.-. .J ItiVMUtily In lUaiuTi) WKDNUSDAY, JAN'. 6, ujog. The New Year. What will tho new year bring to Betid and the Demi country? When January 1, 1910, dawns what will be the state of this section's devel opment? Will the long-looked-for railroad be under construction, and will there be the growth and devel opment that will naturally accom pany the beginning of railroad building? These are questions in which every man, woman and child in Central Oregon is greatly interested. The Bulletin believes there is one thine sure and certain, and it is that the new year upon which we arc now entering will bring good results to this part of the stole. One thing we lack nnd that is rail road facilities. Give the Bond country a railroad connecting it with outside markets and there would ensue here a development that would agreeably surprise the most sanguine. We have the prom ise of Harriman that he, will give Central Oregon a railroad at once, and there arc many indications that the Hill or some other great rail road system will also soon build through this section. While the route for the new road has not been definitely announced, yet General Manager O'Brien has expressed himself as believing the new road will be built up the Deschutes river to Bend and on south. According to all reports and indications, offi cial announcement to that effect should soon be made. liven though work on this line should be, delayed, there would still be strong indications that the new year will place the Bend country in a far better pesition as regards the railroad than it is now. There are persistent reports to the effect that the Natron-Klamath Falls line will be built at once. This line, crosses the Cascades and leaves the moun tains in the vicinity of Odell, about 50 miles south of Bend. That would bring the railroad 45 miles closer than at present, and it would be an easy matter to build r. lint north from that point to Bend. In fact, that may be Harriman's inten tion, as it is known such a plan has been seriously considered. But the road that the Bend coun try is pinning its hopes to is tilt Deschutes line. Mr. O'Brien has practically annouueed that the Des chutes road would be built anil that work would be commenced on it during this month. The Bul letin believes that Mr. O'Brien knew what he was talking about when he gave that statement to the papers. The year 1909 should bring good things to the Bend country. Many new settlers are moving onto land in the vicinity of Bend, land is be ing cleared, each week sees new fences, barns and houses dotting the landscape, and the foundations for many happy homes are being laid. It behooves all of us to do what we can to make it the best, happiest and most prosperous year this section has ever enjoyed. then watch the papers to sec how your senator nnd representatives vote on the various measures. If you find their actions ns legislators are not in the interests of the sec tion thcynre chosen to represent, you will be prepared to cast your ballot intelligently against them if they ever seek re-election. In line with these retnnrks, it might be well for Bulletin readers to remem ber that Dr. H. I1. Belkunp of Princvillc nnd II. A. Brattain of Paisley are the representatives, and G. II. Merrymau of Klamuth Falls the senator from this district. Six mouths of piuhibltion his, on the whole, been u benefit to Crook comity, according tu. the statements of various limine men of this section. Tliey re port a decided increase of cash receipts, there is far lew drunkenness than for merly and consequently fener arrests, n marked htcrcatc in attendance of the Crook county high school ii also attrib uted to the absence of saloons, an i alto gether there is a general opinion that the day of the saloon is ended in the county, if not iu the city. Priueville Review. The above is the first paragraph in a column and a half article in the Priueville Review touching on the results of local option in Crook county. It shows a fair minded attitude on the part of Kditor Ken nedy, as the Review was the only paper in the county that came out openly in favor of the saloon dur ing the "local option" campaign in June. His version of conditions at Princvillc is descriptive of the whole county. Those who predicted that prohibition would ruin and "kill" Bend misjudged matters greatly. To say the least, business in Bend has been as good as it was during the wet regime, and that dreaded falling off of the town's business has proven to be a myth. Local option undoubtedly has come to stay. Its a good thing and the people will stand by it. Problems That Confront The Irrigator. The following article Is by It. 1.. Mc Intvre, of Spokane, Washington. Mr Mctutytc is nn irrigation engineer who has tx-eu connected with ttie largest en terprises in the country for the twst twenty years, and has been Identified with nearly all the enterprises in eastern Washington, He has made it specialty of economical distribution of water ami also .of the Installation of pumping plants. He is considered an authority on irrigation, Irrigation pumpiuu, and water systems, tie is nuw acting as consulting engineer for several of the largest irrigation companies who have their headquarters at Spokane, the most prominent of which are IUIcock .Si Mots, Loans and Mortgages, American Se curities Company, and the Cook Clarke Compauy. If you will take I'olcy's Oriuo Laxi live until the bowels becdme regular you will not have to take purgatives con stantly, as Foley's Orino- Laxative posi tively cures 'chronic constipation and sluggUh liver Pleasant (o take. C W. Merrill, druggist. bids Wanted To supply wood for the Bend school, 45 ricks, size of sticks 34 inches long and not to exceed 10 inches in thickness; to be r'elivcred and ricked in basement of school bouse. Limb wood preferred. Bids must state the kind and condition of wood, and a rick is to be 8x4x34 Uids to be in by January 9, 1909, The board reserves the right to re ject any and all bids. L. D. Wiest, Clerk, School District No. 12. Patronize Home Talent-It Pays. The Oregon legislature will soon be in session. There are a nutn ber of very important measures that the coming legislature should pass, among them a new water code. The people of this section should keep iu touch with what is being done by their law-makers. Drop -them a letter or two requesting their support of the laws which you think the state needs. And m H V APJJ Last month a merchant a thousand miles from Chicago wanted to place over his store nn electric light iljrn be bad heard about Id Chicago, Made a apeolal trip there for specifications ind terms. Too high! Mr. Merchant returned home and In cidentally told the local electrician about his troubles, Mr, Home Klectri .lan replied that he could reproduce tho Chicago sign, with Implements, at a pri:e that suited, .and he did so. JUST THINK TOIB OVER, WILL TOU? Practical irrigation is scientific as well and covers 11 broud field in its ninny phases. The subject must, however, be treated locally, cuch small section of the country is a problem by itself and each irrigator on his own laud must solve the problem largely for himself, nnd I shall try to tell him how to do it. Original Soil Conditions. It is the practical every-day side of this question which nppcats to the farmer and fruit grower. He wants to know how much water to use, when to use it and how to use it. The "when," "how," and "how much" are the questions most vital to him. In order to know these things, certain facts about his particular truct of laud must be ascertained befote he is ready to irrigate practically and iu tclliucntly, namely: First, the depth of soil Second, the relative position of to top and subsoil; Third, slope of surface for drain age purposes; Fourth, slope and characteristic of Mibsoil for underdrainage; Fifth, the pen-entage of moisture the soil holds stored, in its present condition; Sixth, the water-holding capacity or amount of water the soil con tains when in a state of complete saturation; Seventh, the degree of fineness or grain of the soil. With these seven questions solved you are ready to irrigate with some degree of certainty of what the re sult will be; and without knowing these- you arc like a man in the mercantile business without a set of books. It is a simple matter to learn these facts, as will be seen by the following: First, the depth of the soil. The best way would be to bore auger holes at short intervals over your tract of land. Bore one foot in depth at a time, pull the auger, save the soil and put it in a glass tar and seal it up to prevent the moisture from evaporating. Bore the second and third foot and on down to the subsoil in like manner until you have a sample of each foot of soil. Second, the relative position of top and bottom soil you have ascer tained by boring holes in the first instance. Third, the surface slope. If too level to determine by the eye, em ploy a surveyor to run levels over the ground and furnish you a map showing the elevations in one foot contours, or in squares of 100 feet. This will always be extremely use ful to any one in the distribution of water for irrigation. Fourth, knowing the depth of your subsoil at all points and the surface slope, the relative slope of the two is apparent. Fifth, the percentage of moisture the soil holds stored in its present condition. Take the samples of soil you have in the sealed class jars from your borings in the first instance. Weigh each sample separately, noting the part of the field from which it was taken, then dry each sample perfectly and weigh again. The difference is the amount of moisture in the soil, from which you ascertain the per centage of moisture iu each foot of soil from the subsoil to the top. Sixth the water-holding capac ity of the soil. This may be de termined by taking a box one foot square and one foot high with a fine screen ou the bottom. The capacity of the box will be one cubic foot. Now fill the box with soil, pour water ou it with a sprink ler until the water drips off at the bottom through the screen. As soon as the dripping stops, weigh the box and deduct the weight of same. 'I ben dry the earth out per fectly dry and weigh again. The difference between the two weights gives you the amount of water the soil will hold in nuscusioit, or its water-holding capacity. The noil is n sponge and you can only fill the voids with water. Having learned all the conditions above named, you know how tntichwutci it will require to bring about u ceitalu )crccntugc of moisture in land you wish to irrigutc. You know how it drains, whether it leaches down or runs off iu the sulwoil. You can learn at any time whether your tx'rccntage of moisture is too low or too high, also how deep you can More water iu the soil, and how much it takes to wet it one fool down. Seventh effect of water and ulr ou soil. When you begin to ex pcriment, you will be surprised to find the saturating capacity of soils, even iu the same field, are so very different. A good illustration of this condition is given in Mr. Camp bell's work on "Dry Farming," which in suttstance is as follows. Iu one glass is one pound of the largest buckshot we could find; in another glass is otic pound of the very smallest bird shot we could obtain; have 1 one ounce druggist's graduate. With this graduate wc mcasuicd precisely one ounce of water and turned onto each glass. Wc then shook each glass to lc sure that every shot was moistened all over. This covered each one with a thin film of water exactly as the moisture is retained around each little particle of soil It is not possible iu our Illustration to get rid of the free water, or that portion between the shot, except by tipping the glass over to allow all the water, which is not held in film form, to drain out of the gradu ate. Measuring carefully the amount of each glass, wc find to our surprise that the fine shot con tains nearly thirteen times as much water as the coarse shot. Here wc have a practical demonstration of how the water-holding capacity of the soil is increased by finely pulverizing and making it form a condition most favorable for the movemrnt of moisture by capillary attraction and the most perfect de velopment of roots. The shot, be fore it was put into the glasses, was carefully weighed on tine druggists scales, to be sure we uau the same quantity. Both gtaucs arc filled to the same height with the coarse and fine shot and both glasses arc of the same size. Every irrigator should read and study Campbell's "Dry Farming Methods," for the very first requi site to be a successful irrigator is to be a first-class dry farmer. If you can't dry-farm, you can't Irrigatr. I say to all, "Don't irrigate too much." The following comment by Prof. S. A. Beach, of Iowa, is the best thing on this subject I have seen. He says: "How do roots get food from the soil? We used to think the ends of the roots were like little sponges and that they ab sorbed the water front the soil, but we now know better. As a matter of fact, however, the tip end of the root is calloused to force its way through the soil, and that just back of this calloused tip is a soft, spougy portion which takes iu the moisture from the soil. Old roots tuke up vcrv little moisture, but the new growth of the rootlets accomplishes this work. Now when the soil is so full of water that the air is shut off, no new roots are formed, and no new water is taken up, nnd the tree suffers as a consequence." The professor is absolutely right. The length of the growing season covers a period in this country of about fifteen days, and if every condition is right for this time, your crop is practically insured On the other baud, if you chill the ground by too much water and fill it so full of moisture that no air can reach the roots, you have lost several days of the best of your growing season, and taken many dollars out of your own pocket, u mean thing to do to yourself. Shallow soils with gravel or open subsoils leach the moisture away very rapidly and there is less dan ger of over saturation, but the con tiutial pouring of water through such soil will also carry awuy the fertilizing clemeutti which are iu solution and soon deplete the soil, Find out how much water vour soil will hold in suspension and ir rigate accordingly. The soil is u chemical laboratory and you are the chemist. The boil must have moisture, air, and the heat of the Bend-Slianiko Livery & Slagc Company J. II. WliNANDY, I'nip. W. I Kellny, Anml. HhnnlKO New Covered Stages between Hentl mul Slinnlko ALSO Livery nnd Peal Slnliles nl Shnniko, Minims nnd Haiti. Wu run our rigs to plonsu tltu public. Slitgos lonvo unclt way cvory tiny. Rigs to nil parts of Cuntntl Orucon. Cmuftil clrlvoro furnished Special Attention Given to Express and Baggngo. WIIUN IN MINI) STOP AT THE PILOT BUTTI2 INN Table Ua,s supplied llli Iho best thai lb" t'-wn affords. Neat nnd Comfortable Rooms. IIhnii, Omhc.on Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company ANNUAL DIVIDENDS Nearly .100 SAIISI'IIH) Policy holders In Crook County. jo-,,5 Is. O. MINOR. Resident Agent UNLESS IT'S A GOOD STORE IT WILL NOT PAY to ADVERTISE IT! u NI.F.SS you know a person utile that person comes into your life iu some way you ate tint greatly con. ccrucd uIkhu whether he is good or bad, desirable or objectionable. It's so with .1 store. The people who never visit it care nothing uIkjiu it one way or the other. It doesn't exist for them. Hut when they are crstiadcd to patron ize it when they conic to turn the stot-light of their at tention on it when it comes to have a wrt iu their lives, as some stores must have iu alt Iivcs-mIich it's different; then it DOF.S matter whether it strive to win confidence; it docs matter whether or not its price concessions are genu iuc, dependable. If it meets all tests that a good store must stand when it is advertised when it thus invito the critical attention of people then advertising "niukes" the store. If it fulls in most of the vital things if it proves, tinder the light of publicity, not to be much of a store, TIIKN ADVKRTIH INO WII.I. NOT FAY for it will emphasize short comings as well as merits. Fur these snine reasons It Is generally assumed that the store which docs not advertise Is seeking to nvold close in spection uud comparison, nnd that the store which docs Is courting them, suu to keep the chemical action at work, making plaut food, When you have too much water iu the soil, there is no air, Iicikc 110 chemi cal action. With too much uir, there is no moisture, and no chemi cal action. With projier moisture and cultivation the chemical action is complete (the capillary attraction bringing up the moisture from the lower levels to the ton mulch.) Here the suu and uir miiuufucture the fertilizing elements und the next rain or irrigation washes them down to the roots to lie taken up by them. The process remits itself without cud, so long as we water and cultivate properly. Culti vation is more Important tliuu irri gation and iu the arid regions one is of little use without the other, And don't forget thai a weed is 11 pump uud that it pump water out of the soil nt it vcrv ranid rate. Pacific Homestead. (Continued next week.) C. S. BENSON, ATTORNEY AT LAW IM'HICK IN IHNK 111111.1)1 HO, MIND, OKIidCIN u. a coe, mTd. Physician and Surgeon Ol'I'ICIt OVKK HANK All illnbt (Telephone Connection You would not delay tuklug I'olry'a Kidney Remedy at the first siii nl kid ney or hUddcr trouble If you reuliud thut neglect nielli result iu llriutif disease or diahclcs. I'olry'a Kidney Remedy corrects irrcuuluriiln mul ...I.... all kidney uud bladder disorders. C. W. Merrill, druggist. IlltNl). DAY THI.Iti'JIONU NO. 31 OkHc.ON tub First National Bank of Priueville. ItsUbllshrd 1887. CnplKil, .Surplus nnd Undivided I'rolltH, $100,000.00 rifimrm .1 Vlte I'lMi'l'Ml X It Colli" II I' Allen Will WiiKwfllcr T. M lul.lnui II IuMmiii AtaLUlIt I POLK'S GAZETTEER "f in IIUIinnftB IMrati Inrv nf .i.h l"lt V. 'I"fl Ul.il VUlflBB III fllranuil Mini H.lllllUlllll. kl.iii. m ll. rlltllva Hkm.li or ili plsoo. UxtWn, Htilpt.1r.jt liult!e Mint OUl.l rit'l Ulrouory of tuvli IIuiIiim unci I'rnr.i.lon It. I. Illl.lt ft CO., Iuc Hrllli. Wn.li. M V