m
- -v. - -. .... .ui , i Tt vii.ii i.i v .. 1 i ,j. 'jr:
-- rrt
gmJmnA
t,
r
frlNE NEW POTATOES
Efee.ent potatoes and the .price iS only a
1 Problems lliat Confront Hie Irrigator J
1 I
trifle above cost'.
tfre'sh BaSStia, Orangei & Lemons
B
V
if
h2Xl
A Full Line of Up-to-Data
And Fresh QfBeerlss.
y . .
Just Arrived This Week
1.
...S. C Caldwell
.
THE BEND BULLETIN
l "For every man a fcjuarc lea, no
tcss and no more."
fcllARLKS D. ROWS.
.KDITOk
o ..SUDSCRIPTldN RATES:
tine jiif ,.
1 Ix montfctH
Tbrrt tnostSt-
-!!
. .So
4
lanrtaUr in iWt.)
? t
FRIDAY, JULY 12, too;.
t
FOREST POLICY INCREASES FLED. 1
W. C. NefF, head ranger on the
.Goose Lake national forest reserve,
snakes a report that contains one
jtcra. of eapecial interest and an
iteai-of news thafsbould be serious
ly pondered over by (hose newspa
pers in the West that liave heretofore
.becrrso anxious and ready to criti
cise President Rboscvclt's forest re
iert'en policy. Ranger Neff says
hat in talking with cattle men hc cl,;jjrcn
most of the American crews would
desert nnd leave the ships in case
of war between Japan and the Unit
ed States. Have the American crews
ever deserted in titnc of war? The
admiral displays a childish ignor
ance of American make-up. In
case of an American-Japanese war
Admiral Sakamoto would find the
American fighters fighting with nn
invincible spirit as long as there
was nny Japanese navy left.
The Bulletin correspondent from
Powell Buttcs writes that many
families in that vicinity arc plan
ning on moving to Iknd during the
school year to send their children
to the Bend school. This will be a
wise move on their parts.
Bend has a school that ranks with
the best and the people in the sur
rounding country recognize that
fact. If yon wish to give your
n ttruvl ntililif- u!innl rrlll.
. 1 .1 . .t.. f.l MM 1j. H.n.l " I
npouui-urcu uu ... . '-cation you can fitul the necessary
Jus increase s5 per cent f JlIstnictora in tbe Bend institution
. uue reason tor mis is
inaatiyeiTi
dJiatcatUa end sheep have not been
Olo7cd;anthe range so early in the
jjribg, t-'usstoppiqg.the tramping
out'&bd killing of gross- Vrtlcn it is
itc.ndcr. Another ..reason for the
Abundance of feed is that, by the
cupervisJon of the forest officials, the
ranae is not overstocked. Thus the
action of thcvKOVcrument Jias bet
tered the range and madb it able to
Support more stock, and it was only
last vwjnter. that many newspapers
in Central Oregon were calling Pin-
.chot, the man at the head of the for-
est service, a long-cared idiot and
dike complimentary names. We need
a few more Jong-eared idiots of the
3ame class as Pinchot.
Another, statment made by Mr.
iKeff that Is. worthy the attention of
those paparc that had the vigorous
ikick coming is the remark that if
the range improves In the future as
it ;:as in the past year hc is of the
topiniou that the number of stock
ifeeding thereon can be increased 30
per cent.
The facts h the case are that the
govcrnrrietit's forest reserve policy
is one, of the wisest movements ever
undertaken by any government,
Ut saves and protects the rangt
lfrom destruction by prohibiting
too. early grazing-and'ovcrstocking;
t protects the water supply of great J
lirrigation.projccts by refusing to al-dorV-tbe-'dsaudatioU'
of vast forest
Vress that arc-natural water sheds;1!
dt protects the forests from uts-.
ostrous Gres through the watchful-'
ncsc of its rangers, and it will pro
Vvide."' a supply of lumber -"for
drt .ifuturc, through its 'jycten of
putting etily the mature trees and
leaving the young one to grow.
1 ,A'iew momus ago ajjc uuiicmu
of learning.
ABOUT FOREST RESERVES.
How tho National Forests. Servo the
Public.
"The l"c of Xatloml Forests," a pub
lication just printed by the Department
of Agriculture, ts a brief, clear manual
for public reformation as to the forest
jmlicy of the national government.
It is too true, ts tl!e tliort preface to
tbe public says, that "many people do
not know what national forests are.
Others may bare heard much alxiut them
but have no idea of their true purpose- or
use." It is tbe object of this publication
to explain just whit the national forests
mean, what tbry arc for, and ho to use
them.
In the firtt plac?, it is explained how
tbe forests arc created anil how their
boundaries are drawn. Next, their di
rect use and value are shown from the
point of, view of the hometcelcer, the
projpecta tm miner, the ier of timber,
the user of t uc range, the user of water,
and other liters 'of forest resources.
Third, it Is shown how the fortsls are in
tended for use, for the production of us
able products, and for tbe establishment
and uuintainnnce of homes; bow on all
of them the timber is protested from fire,
the water flow is kept steady, the forage
011 the range is increased and guarded
from, abuse; and how, in addition, they
serve as great public playgrounds and as
breeding places and refuges for game.
Finally, the management of national for
ests is described.
Ilcre'tt'is that the great usefulness of
the forest is brought out most clearly
and stHkingly; for the forests are man
aged by Ihe people iti thMrdvtn interests,
and ocry means is used to meet the de
sires and wants of all forest users half
way by dealing with. Uiem in the main
dircctl on the ground jtud in all cases
with the utmost practicable dispatch and
freedom from red tape.
In a word, thcsiccial interest of this
manual lies in its showing Hint the forest
policr of the government, both in prin
ciple and practice. Is foi the Ix-ucfit of
(lit- ordinary n.3ii, for the benefit of eve
ry cftlfrn equally, Therr Is a tendency
liaicV'tbat soma day the West wouldj b thinUof the national forests as "pre-
.' . f .-.. . I iyn-"rt)hii4l tn nia otiil f t-tvt ills
r.liasb Prtrident Roosevelt for bav
ringiestabusbed'so many forest re
serves. That day is not fatdistant.
indications now .show thafthe peo
ple rc alfe.ay ' beginning to realize
nbe srreat importance ot pro
nhe nation's Wrests. R anger Neffs
Utatecient of-au increased supply of
rieetjisfnly one, of the first' reports
ibowinp benefits that will come
from such profet'tvbn
s,ifciMlSknKHO) of thc4 Ja?v
tnt t a.
Losi of Wktcr by Uvnportlon ntiU
Means of Checking It.
serves 'closed to use, end .to leave tlie
public lir.Js exposed to unregulated in
dividual "exploitation. 'Where these
misaprireheii'ious still brevail "The Use
of National Forests" will go far to cor
rect theiiu
rcaiiw: The.bool- is written by air. Frederick
tectingi ! Olustead. whose IntimUc knowledge
iMl An.litl.Ha tH ll l'U.t MHll I
&t'imtM1lJiiinf "
lil-plv.
-
0( conditions in the West and, tlie policy
tinuer. uicn lite uuiiouai toirsis urr iivm
agd csiieciallyflts him to deal vWth the
eubiect. , ..
Rolled Barley for Cole'. ' '
i ' In the Jcllnson building on Vn!l
seet at Bend. ?f
"Dou'VwWyduY uWgftllpf'iJ, ,Bul
lsjjn, Sbjcrib5jo.;jt70t:roe!f.
l'rem KiltUtln No. IJJ, U. . IHr-iitnittal
of .(truturt,
iSxpcHtticiits show that the con
ditions having the greatest influence
on evaporation from soils arc the
tlunntity of wMer in the tol soil,
the temperature of the soil and Wat
er, and the wind movement. All of
these can be controlled to n large
extent by the irrigator by hU meth
ods of applying water and by sub
sequent cultivation of the soil. The
application of the water iu such a
way as not to wet the top soil de
creases the quantity of water in the
top layer, and at the same time
places the moisture iu the soil be
yond the influence of wind move
ments, nnd, to a considerable ex
tent, brvond the influence of the
high temperatures of tinusuiilly hot
days. The daily variations in tem
perature almost disappear at a
depth of one foot, the decrease in
temperature from the surface down
being very rapid on hot days. Rec
ords kept at the Nebraska station
sbow that during the month of
July, 1 889, the average difference
tn temperature at noon between the
soil nt depths of otic and three
inches was 8 degrees 1, while on
the hottest days the difference was
more than is degrees. The records
at Riverside, Cat , show an average
difference in the temperature of dry
soil in the sun nnd dry soil in the
shade for 10 consecutive days of
35 degree b It is evident, there
fore, that applying water nt depths
of three inches or more below the
sin face reduces grcatlv the temper
ature to which it is subjected. Cul
tivation after irrigation has the
same effect, since loose earth is a
poor conductor of heat. Kine
found in an extreme case a differ
ence of 10 degrees in temperature
at the depth of t x inches between
adjacent soils, one of which was
compacted and the other loose.
Against such extremes .1 loose soil
mulch is a very effective protection.
The experiments did not include
the measurement of evaporation
losses from soils ut different temper
atures, but that from watcrsurfaccs
kept at different temperatures was
determined. Averaging the results
from four stations: Decreasing the
temperatures from 38 7 degrees V.
to 80 4 degrees K reduced evapora
tion 20 per cent; reducing it to 73.5
degrees I?, decreased evaporation 40
per cent; nt 01. 3 degrees I. the de
crease was 67 per cent, and at 53.4
degrees V. it was 85 per cent. lix-
pressing the results of these experi
ments in daily rate of evaporation,
other conditions being equal, there
is an nverage difference in thcdaily
evaporation of 0.014 inch for each
change of 1 degree in temeraturc.
That is, about 7 degrees reduction
in temperature decreases evapora
tion! from n water surface o. I inch
per day. The amount evaporated
from soils depends on the wetness
of the soil, but the proportionate
saving with reductions in tempera
ture is probably a great as that,
from water surfaces. . ,
This points to the, possibilities of
saving by applying water at nignt,
when the surface sttil is cool by
applying it nt sufficient depths to
keep it from coming in contact
with the hot surface layer of soil,
and by frequr.nt cultivation to main
tain a mulch of loose soil, which
will prevent the excessive heat of
summer reaching the moist soil, as
well as destroying capillarity.
The following paragraphs give a
quantitative statement of th 'fay-
ling of water by the various means
just mentioned:
CULTIVATION A IT Kit lufc.IOATION.
From soil which received suffi
cient water to cover it to n depth of
12 inches 1.65 inches were evapor
ated in the first five days after irH
gatidh. At the end of that time
half of it was cultivated. During
the next six days tluftdss from the
uncultivated soil wn 1.38 inched,
and from the cultivated soil 0.63
inch, the saving for the six days
being 6,75 inch, or 6.2s per cent pf
the watfer applied, lit il second ex
periment the depth nptHed was re
duced W'Wght inches, '"and the lioil
in one;lMf the tanks fats cultivated
at the djid'of three ddya. The'Joss
for tits 'irst three days Was C84
inch. During tll next three days
t loss-from- tlie UifqilcvWeu so
was 0.20 inch, n.ud from the culti
vated 0.1 inch, the tlihercncc in
favor of cultivation being d.iy inch
or 2.38 per cent of the amount
applied.
KOIl, MUt.CltltH.
lfrom soil receiving water enough
to cover it to a depth of 3.14 inches
the losses in 14 days were; With
no mulch, 0,72 inch; with a .(-inch
mulch, o.3i inch: with an 8-inch
mulch, o.t inch; and with a to-iuch,
mulch, 0.03 inch. Taking the loss
with 110 mulch as a basis, the sav
ing with the 4 inch mulch was 0.51
inch, or 16.24 per cent of the
amount applied; with the 8-inch;
mulch ft was 002 inch, or 19 7.S
per cent of the amount applied; and
with the io-inch mulch It was 0,69
inch, or 21.97 per c"1 f tHC
amount applied. These mulches
were made by plucinir dry soil on
top of the tanks used iu the experi
ments after the water was npplicd,
and the results arc better than can
be secured in field practice, as the
top soil is always more or less wet
when fields nre watered, but they
show that large savings can be
made by maintaining soil mulches
by cultivation.
AITl.VI.NO WATKK IN I'l'KKOW.S.
From tanks receiving 5.19 inches
of water the loss iu to days was
t.11 inches when water was applied
to the surface; when it was npplicd
iu 3-inch turrows the loss was o 09
inch; with 6-inch furrow., o 94
inch; with 9-inch furrows, o 8s
inch; and with 1 2-inch furrows, 0.63
inch, Taking the loss from the
surface application as a bnMs, as
before, the havings were as follows:
Three-inch furrows, 0.12 inch, or
2.31 percent of thcamouiit applied;
6-inch furrows, 0.17 inch or 3.28
per cent of the amount applied;
9-inch furrows, 0.29 inch or 5.59
per cent of the amount applied; 12
inch furrows, 6 48 incli-or 9.23 per
cent of the umatiut applied. Other
tanks in the same experiments rci
ceived 4.9 inches of water. The
loss when water was applied to the
surface was L34 inches, and the
saving when water was applied in
the 3-inch furrows, 0.15 inch or
3 06 per cent of the water applied;
in 6-inch furrows, o 43 inch, or 8.77
per cent. In all these cases the
.soil was cultivated to n depth of
four inches on the third day after
the water was put on. In another
experiment lasting 35 days the soil
received two inches of water in
3-inch and in 12 inch furrows. The
soil with the 3-tuch lurrows wn
1.81 inches, nnd with the 1 2-inch
furrows, 0.49 inch, the saving with
the deeper furrows being 1 32
inches, or 66 per cent of the amount
npplicd. The last experiment is
outside the limits of field practice,
as such light irrigation ut such
long intervals is not practicable.
For Salo at a Dargain.
80 acres choice irrigated laud,'
35 acres in cultivation. All fenced.
Just soutli of Forked Horn Utittc,
yA miles from Redmond. Address
W. W. A in burn, 498 Columbia
St., Portland Oregon.
Hull for service at II.
rill's htablc near former
Co's mill at llend.
W. Mor
P. II. D.
SEVlNd MACHINE, c
my r.OLUR BfcAftlNO.
ka 1 nun uiuuu
tHlA
I&IiSDEl
by buying nh!a
reliable, honest,
high cradciew
fog machine.
I STRONGEST GUARANTEE.
National Sewing Machine Co.,
ywiv-iTRMcisqo,v ?L.
tv.crouv at WMAiowia. iu-
Remember This One Thing
When in need of neat, clean,
plain and up-to-date vcommer- 't
cial printing, that
The Bulletin Job Office
Prints just that kind-no Oilier.
It will please us to have an op
portunity to show you what we
can do. You will be pleased,
also.
!-
!.
- J
When You Read a Newspaper
Why not road a newsy newspaperone that
gives all the news? The Hiillctlu has that rcpu-
tation.
" And furthermore, it intends to live up .to its
reputation.
"rt It not only reports the news faithfully each
week, but it also has an irrigation department iu
which much information is given of vatttc to the ,
man who irrigates. If you study these article
ft may save you many dollars on a year's crop.
Oan You Afford to Be Without The Bulletin?
tmVFVTT l"l Wissf
M xi fr
fS$pSfc
WMmmtMc
1 IIP
jL 'rv
A
bargain
FOR OUR
Subscribers
ffMksWMHHMMI
The TNew Idea
6 WbnSah Magazine
AND
THJBEND BULLETIN
. Both, ;GJte YeaVior. Only $ 1 .75 ,
"Vriie New -Idea TyVomnni Magazine tontaini over 100 pages each
Month of fahiottlfes3naking, ncedfeworkiand houselipld help. x
' Each numter is beautifully Illustrated and contnlhi nine full-page
fashion platefytorno in. wlpr.. . .. " , . j . J
.; ;'Trwc two publication furniih reading for pvcry member of ihc
IVOUJCUOIC.
1
TjaBcarr-gm n