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About The Bend bulletin. (Bend, Or.) 1903-1931 | View Entire Issue (July 12, 1907)
m - -v. - -. .... .ui , i Tt vii.ii i.i v .. 1 i ,j. 'jr: -- rrt gmJmnA t, r frlNE NEW POTATOES Efee.ent potatoes and the .price iS only a 1 Problems lliat Confront Hie Irrigator J 1 I trifle above cost'. tfre'sh BaSStia, Orangei & Lemons B V if h2Xl A Full Line of Up-to-Data And Fresh QfBeerlss. y . . Just Arrived This Week 1. ...S. C Caldwell . THE BEND BULLETIN l "For every man a fcjuarc lea, no tcss and no more." fcllARLKS D. ROWS. .KDITOk o ..SUDSCRIPTldN RATES: tine jiif ,. 1 Ix montfctH Tbrrt tnostSt- -!! . .So 4 lanrtaUr in iWt.) ? t FRIDAY, JULY 12, too;. t FOREST POLICY INCREASES FLED. 1 W. C. NefF, head ranger on the .Goose Lake national forest reserve, snakes a report that contains one jtcra. of eapecial interest and an iteai-of news thafsbould be serious ly pondered over by (hose newspa pers in the West that liave heretofore .becrrso anxious and ready to criti cise President Rboscvclt's forest re iert'en policy. Ranger Neff says hat in talking with cattle men hc cl,;jjrcn most of the American crews would desert nnd leave the ships in case of war between Japan and the Unit ed States. Have the American crews ever deserted in titnc of war? The admiral displays a childish ignor ance of American make-up. In case of an American-Japanese war Admiral Sakamoto would find the American fighters fighting with nn invincible spirit as long as there was nny Japanese navy left. The Bulletin correspondent from Powell Buttcs writes that many families in that vicinity arc plan ning on moving to Iknd during the school year to send their children to the Bend school. This will be a wise move on their parts. Bend has a school that ranks with the best and the people in the sur rounding country recognize that fact. If yon wish to give your n ttruvl ntililif- u!innl rrlll. . 1 .1 . .t.. f.l MM 1j. H.n.l " I npouui-urcu uu ... . '-cation you can fitul the necessary Jus increase s5 per cent f JlIstnictora in tbe Bend institution . uue reason tor mis is inaatiyeiTi dJiatcatUa end sheep have not been Olo7cd;anthe range so early in the jjribg, t-'usstoppiqg.the tramping out'&bd killing of gross- Vrtlcn it is itc.ndcr. Another ..reason for the Abundance of feed is that, by the cupervisJon of the forest officials, the ranae is not overstocked. Thus the action of thcvKOVcrument Jias bet tered the range and madb it able to Support more stock, and it was only last vwjnter. that many newspapers in Central Oregon were calling Pin- .chot, the man at the head of the for- est service, a long-cared idiot and dike complimentary names. We need a few more Jong-eared idiots of the 3ame class as Pinchot. Another, statment made by Mr. iKeff that Is. worthy the attention of those paparc that had the vigorous ikick coming is the remark that if the range improves In the future as it ;:as in the past year hc is of the topiniou that the number of stock ifeeding thereon can be increased 30 per cent. The facts h the case are that the govcrnrrietit's forest reserve policy is one, of the wisest movements ever undertaken by any government, Ut saves and protects the rangt lfrom destruction by prohibiting too. early grazing-and'ovcrstocking; t protects the water supply of great J lirrigation.projccts by refusing to al-dorV-tbe-'dsaudatioU' of vast forest Vress that arc-natural water sheds;1! dt protects the forests from uts-. ostrous Gres through the watchful-' ncsc of its rangers, and it will pro Vvide."' a supply of lumber -"for drt .ifuturc, through its 'jycten of putting etily the mature trees and leaving the young one to grow. 1 ,A'iew momus ago ajjc uuiicmu of learning. ABOUT FOREST RESERVES. How tho National Forests. Servo the Public. "The l"c of Xatloml Forests," a pub lication just printed by the Department of Agriculture, ts a brief, clear manual for public reformation as to the forest jmlicy of the national government. It is too true, ts tl!e tliort preface to tbe public says, that "many people do not know what national forests are. Others may bare heard much alxiut them but have no idea of their true purpose- or use." It is tbe object of this publication to explain just whit the national forests mean, what tbry arc for, and ho to use them. In the firtt plac?, it is explained how tbe forests arc created anil how their boundaries are drawn. Next, their di rect use and value are shown from the point of, view of the hometcelcer, the projpecta tm miner, the ier of timber, the user of t uc range, the user of water, and other liters 'of forest resources. Third, it Is shown how the fortsls are in tended for use, for the production of us able products, and for tbe establishment and uuintainnnce of homes; bow on all of them the timber is protested from fire, the water flow is kept steady, the forage 011 the range is increased and guarded from, abuse; and how, in addition, they serve as great public playgrounds and as breeding places and refuges for game. Finally, the management of national for ests is described. Ilcre'tt'is that the great usefulness of the forest is brought out most clearly and stHkingly; for the forests are man aged by Ihe people iti thMrdvtn interests, and ocry means is used to meet the de sires and wants of all forest users half way by dealing with. Uiem in the main dircctl on the ground jtud in all cases with the utmost practicable dispatch and freedom from red tape. In a word, thcsiccial interest of this manual lies in its showing Hint the forest policr of the government, both in prin ciple and practice. Is foi the Ix-ucfit of (lit- ordinary n.3ii, for the benefit of eve ry cftlfrn equally, Therr Is a tendency liaicV'tbat soma day the West wouldj b thinUof the national forests as "pre- .' . f .-.. . I iyn-"rt)hii4l tn nia otiil f t-tvt ills r.liasb Prtrident Roosevelt for bav ringiestabusbed'so many forest re serves. That day is not fatdistant. indications now .show thafthe peo ple rc alfe.ay ' beginning to realize nbe srreat importance ot pro nhe nation's Wrests. R anger Neffs Utatecient of-au increased supply of rieetjisfnly one, of the first' reports ibowinp benefits that will come from such profet'tvbn s,ifciMlSknKHO) of thc4 Ja?v tnt t a. Losi of Wktcr by Uvnportlon ntiU Means of Checking It. serves 'closed to use, end .to leave tlie public lir.Js exposed to unregulated in dividual "exploitation. 'Where these misaprireheii'ious still brevail "The Use of National Forests" will go far to cor rect theiiu rcaiiw: The.bool- is written by air. Frederick tectingi ! Olustead. whose IntimUc knowledge iMl An.litl.Ha tH ll l'U.t MHll I &t'imtM1lJiiinf " lil-plv. - 0( conditions in the West and, tlie policy tinuer. uicn lite uuiiouai toirsis urr iivm agd csiieciallyflts him to deal vWth the eubiect. , .. Rolled Barley for Cole'. ' ' i ' In the Jcllnson building on Vn!l seet at Bend. ?f "Dou'VwWyduY uWgftllpf'iJ, ,Bul lsjjn, Sbjcrib5jo.;jt70t:roe!f. l'rem KiltUtln No. IJJ, U. . IHr-iitnittal of .(truturt, iSxpcHtticiits show that the con ditions having the greatest influence on evaporation from soils arc the tlunntity of wMer in the tol soil, the temperature of the soil and Wat er, and the wind movement. All of these can be controlled to n large extent by the irrigator by hU meth ods of applying water and by sub sequent cultivation of the soil. The application of the water iu such a way as not to wet the top soil de creases the quantity of water in the top layer, and at the same time places the moisture iu the soil be yond the influence of wind move ments, nnd, to a considerable ex tent, brvond the influence of the high temperatures of tinusuiilly hot days. The daily variations in tem perature almost disappear at a depth of one foot, the decrease in temperature from the surface down being very rapid on hot days. Rec ords kept at the Nebraska station sbow that during the month of July, 1 889, the average difference tn temperature at noon between the soil nt depths of otic and three inches was 8 degrees 1, while on the hottest days the difference was more than is degrees. The records at Riverside, Cat , show an average difference in the temperature of dry soil in the sun nnd dry soil in the shade for 10 consecutive days of 35 degree b It is evident, there fore, that applying water nt depths of three inches or more below the sin face reduces grcatlv the temper ature to which it is subjected. Cul tivation after irrigation has the same effect, since loose earth is a poor conductor of heat. Kine found in an extreme case a differ ence of 10 degrees in temperature at the depth of t x inches between adjacent soils, one of which was compacted and the other loose. Against such extremes .1 loose soil mulch is a very effective protection. The experiments did not include the measurement of evaporation losses from soils ut different temper atures, but that from watcrsurfaccs kept at different temperatures was determined. Averaging the results from four stations: Decreasing the temperatures from 38 7 degrees V. to 80 4 degrees K reduced evapora tion 20 per cent; reducing it to 73.5 degrees I?, decreased evaporation 40 per cent; nt 01. 3 degrees I. the de crease was 67 per cent, and at 53.4 degrees V. it was 85 per cent. lix- pressing the results of these experi ments in daily rate of evaporation, other conditions being equal, there is an nverage difference in thcdaily evaporation of 0.014 inch for each change of 1 degree in temeraturc. That is, about 7 degrees reduction in temperature decreases evapora tion! from n water surface o. I inch per day. The amount evaporated from soils depends on the wetness of the soil, but the proportionate saving with reductions in tempera ture is probably a great as that, from water surfaces. . , This points to the, possibilities of saving by applying water at nignt, when the surface sttil is cool by applying it nt sufficient depths to keep it from coming in contact with the hot surface layer of soil, and by frequr.nt cultivation to main tain a mulch of loose soil, which will prevent the excessive heat of summer reaching the moist soil, as well as destroying capillarity. The following paragraphs give a quantitative statement of th 'fay- ling of water by the various means just mentioned: CULTIVATION A IT Kit lufc.IOATION. From soil which received suffi cient water to cover it to n depth of 12 inches 1.65 inches were evapor ated in the first five days after irH gatidh. At the end of that time half of it was cultivated. During the next six days tluftdss from the uncultivated soil wn 1.38 inched, and from the cultivated soil 0.63 inch, the saving for the six days being 6,75 inch, or 6.2s per cent pf the watfer applied, lit il second ex periment the depth nptHed was re duced W'Wght inches, '"and the lioil in one;lMf the tanks fats cultivated at the djid'of three ddya. The'Joss for tits 'irst three days Was C84 inch. During tll next three days t loss-from- tlie UifqilcvWeu so was 0.20 inch, n.ud from the culti vated 0.1 inch, the tlihercncc in favor of cultivation being d.iy inch or 2.38 per cent of the amount applied. KOIl, MUt.CltltH. lfrom soil receiving water enough to cover it to a depth of 3.14 inches the losses in 14 days were; With no mulch, 0,72 inch; with a .(-inch mulch, o.3i inch: with an 8-inch mulch, o.t inch; and with a to-iuch, mulch, 0.03 inch. Taking the loss with 110 mulch as a basis, the sav ing with the 4 inch mulch was 0.51 inch, or 16.24 per cent of the amount applied; with the 8-inch; mulch ft was 002 inch, or 19 7.S per cent of the amount applied; and with the io-inch mulch It was 0,69 inch, or 21.97 per c"1 f tHC amount applied. These mulches were made by plucinir dry soil on top of the tanks used iu the experi ments after the water was npplicd, and the results arc better than can be secured in field practice, as the top soil is always more or less wet when fields nre watered, but they show that large savings can be made by maintaining soil mulches by cultivation. AITl.VI.NO WATKK IN I'l'KKOW.S. From tanks receiving 5.19 inches of water the loss iu to days was t.11 inches when water was applied to the surface; when it was npplicd iu 3-inch turrows the loss was o 09 inch; with 6-inch furrow., o 94 inch; with 9-inch furrows, o 8s inch; and with 1 2-inch furrows, 0.63 inch, Taking the loss from the surface application as a bnMs, as before, the havings were as follows: Three-inch furrows, 0.12 inch, or 2.31 percent of thcamouiit applied; 6-inch furrows, 0.17 inch or 3.28 per cent of the amount applied; 9-inch furrows, 0.29 inch or 5.59 per cent of the amount applied; 12 inch furrows, 6 48 incli-or 9.23 per cent of the umatiut applied. Other tanks in the same experiments rci ceived 4.9 inches of water. The loss when water was applied to the surface was L34 inches, and the saving when water was applied in the 3-inch furrows, 0.15 inch or 3 06 per cent of the water applied; in 6-inch furrows, o 43 inch, or 8.77 per cent. In all these cases the .soil was cultivated to n depth of four inches on the third day after the water was put on. In another experiment lasting 35 days the soil received two inches of water in 3-inch and in 12 inch furrows. The soil with the 3-tuch lurrows wn 1.81 inches, nnd with the 1 2-inch furrows, 0.49 inch, the saving with the deeper furrows being 1 32 inches, or 66 per cent of the amount npplicd. The last experiment is outside the limits of field practice, as such light irrigation ut such long intervals is not practicable. For Salo at a Dargain. 80 acres choice irrigated laud,' 35 acres in cultivation. All fenced. Just soutli of Forked Horn Utittc, yA miles from Redmond. Address W. W. A in burn, 498 Columbia St., Portland Oregon. Hull for service at II. rill's htablc near former Co's mill at llend. W. Mor P. II. D. SEVlNd MACHINE, c my r.OLUR BfcAftlNO. ka 1 nun uiuuu tHlA I&IiSDEl by buying nh!a reliable, honest, high cradciew fog machine. I STRONGEST GUARANTEE. National Sewing Machine Co., ywiv-iTRMcisqo,v ?L. tv.crouv at WMAiowia. iu- Remember This One Thing When in need of neat, clean, plain and up-to-date vcommer- 't cial printing, that The Bulletin Job Office Prints just that kind-no Oilier. It will please us to have an op portunity to show you what we can do. You will be pleased, also. !- !. - J When You Read a Newspaper Why not road a newsy newspaperone that gives all the news? The Hiillctlu has that rcpu- tation. " And furthermore, it intends to live up .to its reputation. "rt It not only reports the news faithfully each week, but it also has an irrigation department iu which much information is given of vatttc to the , man who irrigates. If you study these article ft may save you many dollars on a year's crop. Oan You Afford to Be Without The Bulletin? tmVFVTT l"l Wissf M xi fr fS$pSfc WMmmtMc 1 IIP jL 'rv A bargain FOR OUR Subscribers ffMksWMHHMMI The TNew Idea 6 WbnSah Magazine AND THJBEND BULLETIN . Both, ;GJte YeaVior. Only $ 1 .75 , "Vriie New -Idea TyVomnni Magazine tontaini over 100 pages each Month of fahiottlfes3naking, ncedfeworkiand houselipld help. x ' Each numter is beautifully Illustrated and contnlhi nine full-page fashion platefytorno in. wlpr.. . .. " , . j . J .; ;'Trwc two publication furniih reading for pvcry member of ihc IVOUJCUOIC. 1 TjaBcarr-gm n