FBESEDEHTIAL P R I­
M ARIES a
i
STATES
•*
Twenty-two H it w of the union
knee presidential primaries, and
they run, with very few conflicting
dates, over a period of three months
from March * to June 8. Florida
holds her primaries, oddly enough,
on the very date set for the con­
vening of the republican national
convention at Chicago.--*
Eight of these 22 states have
woman suffrage.
The dates set by the legislatures
o f the 22 states, those states being
starred which have woman suffrage,
follo w :
March 2— New Hampshire.
March 1C— »North Dakota.
March 22— South Dakota.
April 5-—»Michigan.
April C— New York.
April C— Wisconsin.
' April IS— »Illinois (Dist.)
April 20— »Nebraska.
April 23— »Montana.
April 27—-Massachusetts.
, ,.
. April 27— New Jersey.
April 27— Ohio.
'..May 2— Maryland.
May 4— »California.
May 4— Indiana.
May 10— »Illinois (at large.)
May 18— Pennsylvania.
May 18— Verm ont
May 84-—»Oregon.
May 28— Texas.
May 26— West Virginia.
Jane 8— Florida.
Illinois four at large, state con­
vention May 10*. must also ratify
primary’s choice.
HEDGED IN BY SUPERSTITION
IMPULSE AMD HUMAN REASON
Customs of Thousands e f Years In­
fluence the Dally Lives e f A f­
rican Natives.
Interesting to Nets Just How the On*
May Ba Allowed ta Dominate
the Other.
I did not realise until I was out ta
the African bush how complex Is the
life of a savage native, and how com­
pletely he la hedged In by rules and
prohibitions, the breaking o f which re­
sults often In death. If only by reeac
of his entire belief Is the inviolability
o f these rules, writes a British travels
On one occasion a burly, deep-chest­
ed native of mine temporarily lost his
voice. He came to me and qpeeklng
In a whisper, said: “ Bwana! (M aster)
My most beautiful child Is deed. My
eldest, bat lees beautiful child, is III.
My wife ha* run away, taking with
her my best cooking pot. 1 am not
feeling well myself. Is it your will
that I go away to sacrifice one chicken
that the Evil Eye may be averted V
I laughed at thla idea until I re­
membered that, according to the eth­
nologists. the natives have lived In this
stage of Ignorance for thousands of
years, performing every act o f life in
accordance with those rules and pro­
hibitions.."'
For instance, there are many strange
customs in Connecticut with Journeys.
Before a long Journey la undertaken
offerings must-be made and complicat­
ed ceremonies performed. The Journey
must be aban doned or the course al­
tered i f a hyena has crossed the trail
in a certain way. or if a woodpecker
calls from one side o f the road. In
any case. It is the custom when cross­
ing the first stream to dip the end of
the bow into the water and place It
to the Ups. I f a man drinks from s
stream he Is about to cross, he must
retain the last mouthful and spit it
back Into the water when he reaches
the far bank.
On the first cold night o f autumn a
man o f Detroit went about It to lock
up hit house. Aa ha turned the key
In tbe front door a collie dog that
had huddled against the screen slunk
down the steps and lay down In a
drift o f withered leaves near the porch.
The man saw the wind Whip hit fur.
The dog had an air o f discourage­
ment
Cutting short an Impulse to Invite
the beust In out o f tbe cold, argu­
ing that the dog’s hair was long and
might be dirty, and convincing him­
self that It probably bad a home near
by, the man turned out the lights' and
went upstairs to bed.
But he could not sleep from think­
ing o f the dog. He returned to the
front door after a half hour, and,
seeing nothing o f the beast, be stepped
out on the porch to look further. He
was remorseful for what had grown
to seem an act o f brutality that the
dog would not hava committed against
him.
As a result o f his brief search, which
was, fruitless, the man took sick and
was laid up with pneumonia. He had
been unable to find his slippers when
he went downstairs and had stood too
long on the porch In the cold.
There were thus three Influences at
work in the man: The original Im­
pulse to admit the dog, the culti­
vated tendency to restrain an Im­
pulse as something unreasonable,
and the final reasoned decision to a c t
It Is plain that in the world moat
persons who obey their Impulses are
persona to whom the third Influence,
the reasoned decision to a ct la not
— - o
" -
Uk agreement with the Impulse and
CASHOT FOOL TH E PEOPLE
hence results In only remorse or re­
gret over having allowed the Impulse
California has yoted down Single UTILIZING THAT HALF HOUR to sway them. While, as In the caao
Tax, Oregon has voted it down and
o f the man and tbe dog, those wboae
many other states have voted it Average Person W ill Be Surprised at impulses are dependable for the moat
the Amount e f Reading Which
part that is. In accord with rational
down time and tim e again. The peo­
It Can Contain.
theories o f conduct, are persons who
ple o f the P a cific coast are to be
shun impulsive action, for one reason
afflicted w ith it again, however, at
What 1 do venture to press upon or another, .persons who allow Im­
the coming election.
yon Is, that it requires no preterhu­ pulses to be only suggestion fo r an
/ In plain English Single Tax means man force o f will in any young man a c t and who consequently act too
to tax land values only. Under this or woman— unless household circum­ late.— Detroit Jfews.
system the personal property o f in­ stances are more than usually vexa­
dividuals and corporations would be tious and unfavorable— to get at least
GAVE HIM PRACTICAL LESSON
elim inated from the tax rolls. This half an hour out o f a solid busy day
for
good
and
disinterested
reading.
would mean that the tax on land
Some will say that this is too much, Haw On# Common-Sens* Parent Bet
would have to be doubled and the
Up a “ Store” to Teach Hla Hair
to expect, and the first persons to
farm er would be hit hardest. City
to Figure.
•
say it, I venture to predict, will fce
dwellers having largely personal those who waste their time most. At
property and operating stores, etc., any rata, i t I cannot get half an hour,
W e heard recently o f a boy t «
would go scott free o f taxation.
I will be content with a quarter. Now, years old who was very backward In
Single Tax is voted down by in­ In half an hour I fancy you can read arithmetic and got poor marks at
creasingly large m ajorities the often- 15 o f 20 pages o f Burke; or you-can acb&oJ. Hi* father finally decided to
er it is brought before the people read one o f Wordsworth’s master­ help him by actual experience.
He started him In business by keep­
and the better they understand It. pieces— say the lines on Ttntern; or
ing a grocery store la the attic o f their
say.
one-third:—If
a
scholar,
in
the
orig
­
The Non-Partisan League o f North
inal. and i f not. In a translation— o f home. The boy does all bis own buy­
Dakota which is seeking support In
a book o f Abe Iliad or the Aeneld. I ing, selects his goods and keeps a
several western states on the ground ;
do not think that I am filling the half stock on hand. The mother bays her
that it favors measures favorabls to hoar too full. But try for yourselves supplies from him at the regular price;
farmers. Is a strong backer o f the what you can read in half an hoar. be keeps the profit fo r hla own spend­
single tax idea which ..would greatly . Then multiply the half hour by 365, ing money.
The. father Insists that he keep hla
Increase tax burdens o f tbe fanners, I and consider what treasures you
The Non-Partisan League is a so­ might ‘have laid by at the end o f the own ledger and keep It accurately or
tbe business will be stopped.
cialistic organization which explains year.— Lord Morley.
The boy enjoys the Idea o f the store
its support o f the single tax idea
and his own responsibility, so has
“ Halcyon Days.“
which la the entering wedge fo r,so ­
eagerly learned from his father the
The seven days preceding and the way to buy and sell, make change,
cialization o f land through enormous
taxation which would force private 1 seven days following the winter sol­ figure profits and keep simple ac­
owners to release title to state stice. which falls on Dec. 21 or 22, were counts. The result Is shown by his
the halcyon days of the old world. In Interest In arithmetic at school and
through inability to pay.
modern dictionary halcyon has come by much higher marks. He has great­
to be a synonym for Idyllic, peaceful ly Improved In the school work, be­
HT.T.F.T8 VF.TTF.lt OH TH E STAGE or happy, but among the ancients It
sides getting valuable training foi
was the name o f a bird now called business.— Parents’ Magazine.
Miss Helen Keller, blind and deaf ‘ the kingfisher, and the 14 days nearest
from infancy, has started a career the winter solstice were called halcyon
Construction of Coral Reef«.
on the vaudeville stage. The New days because It was at that period that
The greatest depth at which the
York Sun tells of her debut at tbe the bird deposited her eggs on the
Palace theater. Miss K eller appears . rocks by the margin of the sea, or In reef-building corals can work Is be­
w ith her friend and teacher, Mrs. { a floating nest In the midst of the tween twenty and thirty fathoms. Con­
waters. Out of consideration for the fined to water, the temperature of
Anne Sullivan Macy. and gives a
halcyon bird, wblcb was supposed to which In the coldest weather does not
demonstration of how she learned
he favored by the gods. It was ex­ fall below 68 degrees F., coral reefs
to speak. Then she talks with tbe pected that the sea would remain calm,
are abundant In the Pacific and Indian
audience.
that tbe egg; might not suffer injury. oceans and near the West Indies, and
Miss K eller stood with one hand The superstition persisted In spite of are most plentiful where volcanic up­
touching the lips of Mrs. Macy as the storms that often prevailed at that heavals are not looked upon as extra­
the lattei spoke, thus understand­ period, some o f the ancient writers at­ ordinary. The foundation.of the living
in g all through lip reading, that | tributing to the kingfisher the pohrer coral, which extends In many reefs far
o f arresting the violence o f the waves. below this depth. Is no longer living,
Mrs. Macy said. Mrs. Macy said:
the once elevated portion of thp sea-*
“ Would anyone care to ask Miss
bed. the (teaks upon which tlie now
Experiment in Cross-Breeding.
K e ller questions?"
dead foundations rest, having sub­
A
most
interesting
experiment
has
Several were asked, to which Miss
sided. the upper surface of the Corrrt
been
going
on
In
the
county
of
Mid­
K eller, smiling, spoke instant and
lothian. Some years ago Professor reef being bnllt up steadily to keep
frequ ently w itty replies.
A man
Ewart obtained a fine male zebra from psce with the subsidence. Ceasing to
w ith good intentions but scant know­
Africa, and crossed him with s pony build upward when the surface of the
ledge of theatrical manners shouted r mare. The resulting animal, called a water Is almost reached, the coral
" W ill Miss K eller tell us how old zehrule. Is strong, hardy, very Intelli­ polyps build outward, thus Increasing
■he is ? "
gent. and easily broken to saddle and the breadth of the reef.
There was a murmur of disrfgnt harness.
The xebrule. stands about
. ,tmm the audience, w ^ ch . hr tHrls .t o c te w .iia m ft W ) . -Imi can easily
Utilitarianism Not AM.
tim e had adopted the blind marvel carry twelve stone. I ne*e cl tdllures
It Is («'-rfiiijis web T h n l’ wV'ifve our •'
as Its own: But qnlekly Miss K eller ere very good trotters, and some have lives ns we do. Tbe progress of the
already been sent to India for govern­ race through the centuries has been
answered:
ment use. It IS quite likely that the such that we have arrived nt the point
"O n-th e vaudeville stage we have
new animal may gradually take the where we have been able to produce
no ages."
place o f the mule.— Exchange.
an admixture o f spiritual and physical
That brought a gleeful demonstra­
attributes which compel a need for lux­
tion.
Cake's Two Namea
uries. He Is poor In soul Indeed who
N ext some person, perhaps not a
A Journey-cake 1* the same as a Ignores the appeal to the esthetic and
frequent play goer, cried:’
Johnny-cake. A johnny-cake Is a flat breathes only the atmosphere of utili­
"Doee Mias K eller believe that she cake made o f Indian cornmeal, mixed tarianism.
If we were all like such ?
w ill see and bear In the h ereafter?" with milk or water, salted, and baked a person, mnny wheels of Industry
The audience at once manifested on a griddle or toasted. When baked would quit humming and we would
disapproval o f such a personal ques­ upon a shingle and placed before the reduce ourselves close to the level of
tion. The Inquirer was hissed loudly coals. It was terim-d Journey cake, so tbe primitive man.— Exchange.
called because It could l>e so speedily
and there were shouts o f "O ut!
prepared. This name has been cor­
World’s Highest Village.
O u t!"
rupted In modem times to johnny cake.
A writer In a recent Issue of L ’As.
When asked if she could In any —Literary Digest.
tronomie rvl»a attention to a tiny vil­
.way distinguish colors Miss K eller
lage In Kasnmlr, which holds the lofty
replied: “ No— but one* In a w hile
Not Quite the Seme.
distinction of being the highest on
l do feel blue.”
Robert's father received this com­ earth.
This village, which hears the
Miss K eller's appearance provides munique from his son absent In the
name of Knrzok, Is located at latitude
an en tirely new sort o f a sensation balls of learning: “ Dear Father: 1 82 degrees 58 minutes OHO seconds
la the theater, and tbe general opin­ am sorry to say that I was mistaken north and longitude 78 degrees 18 min­
ion was that It was a strong object when 1 wrote last week that the pro­ utes 13.05 seconds esst from Green­
lesson In the possibilities o f tbe hu­ fessor hgd said that u . j abilities wore wich. Its altitude Is 4.506 meters, or
man mind, (the receives a salary as mathematical, lie said that they were 14,046 feet. The village contains a few
Affectionately, Rob­ wretched stone houses and a small
la rge ee that o f the most popular problematical.
ert.*’ — New York Evening Poet.
Buddhist monastery.
stars o f vaudeville.— Oregonian.
To the Public—
On Monday, March 1st, the railroad lin es o f the So*them
P n d fie Company were returned to th eir owners fo r operation. A s
a war measure they have been in charge e f the governm ent during
the last two yea n and tw o months. The stockholder! in that
period had nothing to do w ith the management
In taking over the management o f this property, the policy
o f the owners w ill be to give as satisfactory service as )iae in th eir
power in retorn fo r the patronage given os; to seek the co-operation
o f shippers and passengers and o f the whole people in having our
service reasonably responsive to the publio needs.
W e have to ash the patient forbearance o i the puUio during
the readjustment period o f the next six months. I t is .true darin g
these six months the Government continues the sandaid return
allowed the lines w h ile under its oontrol, based on the pre-w ar
earnings. But this return is subject to certain legislative directions
by oangress that w ill affeet operations during this period which
ends August 31st n e x t W e expect, however, w ithin this six months
to mature plans fo r the future. These plans had to be held in abey-
anoe thus fa r because o f uncertainty as to the legislative conditions
to aocompany the return o f the roads to th eir owners fo r operation,
and these oonlitions have been determined by congress only w ith in
the last few days. W e now have to study what is before ns in law
and in fact and get oar bearings anew.
The operating organisation as it existed under Southern P a iific
management has beea to some extent disarranged during the period
e f federal control and operating practices have been changed, b a t
the benefit o f any new practices that may have proved efficien t la
the public service during the government oontrol period, wiH, o f
eonrse, be retained.
W e could not purchase equipment after we entered the w ar
because the government took control and war financing oocnpied
‘the field, while during the rest o f the tim e the question o f adequate
credit had to w a it fo r answer in congressional action. -On th e
other hand, the locomotives and oars in service have been subjected
to the most active use and new rollin g stock has net been renewed
throughout the country in normal numbers fo r the increase of
normal traffic. The burden of extraordinary w ar movements fe ll
heavily upon a ll kinds o f rollin g stock, making it impossible to shop
the equipment at the proper tim e, and repair work was further
delayed by shortage during the larger part of the war period in both
men and material.
The problem before us at onoe, therefore, is how to put to the
best use the passenger train cars and the freigh t oars that arte ta
service, and how to put into good condition fo r service every piece
o f equipment to be had. This problem is before every railroad.
Abreast of this is the larger question whether the earnings under
the new law, the “ Transportation A ct of 1920,” w ill be enough to
establish the credit of the railroads at a prin t where they can
provide themselves with the facilities o f a ll kinds that they need to
give the public proper service. W e have the w ill if only we can
find the ways and means. These are not easy to find, fo r an as­
sumed earning of even 6 per cent, and no assurance o f that, is not
attractive to anyone having money to invest when money is worth
7 or 8 per cent in the open market.
Hence, the effect of the new act o f congress upon earnings and
upon the credit o f the railroads cannot be immediately determined.
This act provides fo r a rate-making structure, under which, during
the next two yea n the railroads w ill be perm itted to earn up to
5V i per cent annually on the value o f the railroads as may be
determined by the Interstate Commerce Commission. The Commis­
sion has power at its discretion to increase these possible darnings
to 6 per cent, the added one-half of one per cent to be used on ly
for improvements to the property.
Ho guarantee of any kind is given to any railroad, but h a ll o f
any earnings over 6 per cent are to be taken by the government to
make loans to railroads that may need them fo r improvements or to
care for obligations fallin g dne, or to obtain and lease equipment
to the carriers that cannot afford to buy it.
Obviously these elements in the situation w ill have to be
considered in making our plans. The Interstate Commerce Commis­
sion is the deciding body w ith respect to value of the ¡properties, aa
w ell as the rates which are to yield the 5Va per cent return there­
on, and much w ill depend upon the vision and promptness of action
w ith which that body accepts its great responsibilities.
In the meantime, it is particularly desirable, in view of the
" shortage of equipment, that every effo rt be made by shippers and
the railw ay forces to continue heavy oar loading and train loading,
and to lose no tim e in loading and unloading can.
o
B elieving that we w ill have the fu ll oo-ope ration o f the people
served by our lines in dealing w ith the problems presented, it is
due them that in thus aiding ns they should know what problems
we have to meet^ Ton can rest assured we are not idle w ith respect
¡An P
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f j
ntinir n,*rci**
,
«
T h e G raphic O ffice ie fu lly equipped fo r doin g all klnde o f co m "
printing. Inclu ding L etterh ea d «, B illhead«, Stataasanta.
Booklets, Cataloguee. and larga poatara, promptly.
Gat prie