m
m
V-
a W l.;
■ j »
-
CHOPSTICKS IH
Our War D»partment Hat About
the Boot Code In ExMerae.
FLEXIB LE ANO RAPID.
he Navy Has a Cipher o f Its Own, as
Has Alea the Department e f State.
One e f the Cedes Used by Kngland
Por Unimportant Messages.
The United States government
ploys probably more different kinds ot
•odea than any other power. Tbe state
department ha* one o f Its own. Tba
. w ar department has one. And the
,
» «eparate and distinct a y »
firm. The code book or key o f the
navy cipher la kept alw ays In a canvas
/ beg. which la lined with «in « and heav­
ily weighted. The bag is in the per­
sonal custody o f tbe commanding offi-
cer o f the ship, who boa orders never
to lot It get away from him, bat to
throw tt overboard la the event o f cap­
ture by an enemy. The advent o f wire-
leas telegraphy has made this precau­
tion doubly necessary, fo r the eolation
o f an enemy's cipher In tim e o f war
n ig h t easily turn the scales o f victory.
The only naval coda book eVer cap­
tured by aa enemy waa the on# ser­
ried by the Chesapeake In the w ar o f
1812. The commander o f the Chesa­
peake. Captain Lawrence, was wound»
ad early In the battle, and no one else
knew where the code book was kept
W hen the frigate surrendered the B rit­
ish found tbe code behind n sliding
panel, and the book la now In the B rit
lab museum
Tbe cipher o f the w ar department la
very sim ple In It* nature and by virtue
o f this sim plicity, ease o f operation. In­
scrutability and rapidity w ith which a
new key can be substituted la said to
hold first place among the m ilitary ci­
phers o f tbe world. Arm y officer* who
have need other codes say that noma o f
them compares to this one.
This cipher may In a general way
he described aa an Ingenious method
o f distorting the order o f words in a
| and farther obscuring the
by the systematic Introduc­
tion o f Irrelevant words and meaning­
less names. The variety o f distortions
la g rea t and whenever a copy o f the
cipher Is captured another cipher can
be communicated In a very short time
to a ll those who should have i t
A simple and Ingenious naval cipher
was Invented by Captale Charles M or­
ris fo r tba use o f the A merican navy
during the w ar o f 1812 and has been
utilised by the navy department, with
modifications, ever since. T b e princi­
ple la applicable alike to flag ciphers
telegraph or wireless.
Captain Morris In a band w ritten sig­
nal book bound by blm In i811 stated:
A circumstance may sometime* render M
desirable to change tba steniflcatlon o f the
flag* or tba numbers sxprsaeud by them.
Tbe following method should therefor* be
adopted:
Let each day o f the week he inserted in
the signal book oppoeite a number. To
each o f these day* affix a certain number,
which is always to be eommualcatad oral­
ly under charge o f secrecy, that no enemy
or Improper person can beoome acquaint­
ed with I t The follow ing Uat Is an ex­
ample:
Sunday .................ta d d l........ g
Monday ....................................... 5
Tuesday • • • e , e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e » e e e e 7
Wednesday
Thursday .
Friday ....
Saturday ..
Before commencing your communication
Insert the number oorreepondlng to the
day you wish to use. This w ill signify to
tba person who is to read the signal that
ha la to add tba number corresponding to
that day to all signals that may be made
The person sending the signal w ill sub­
tract the same number from all signals
B y this means an enemy's knowledge o f
your ordinary signals might really be con­
verted to hla disadvantage instead o f the
benefit which ho might promise himself
from them.
W hile nobody could tell you today
the code need by any power In trans­
m itting important and vital news and
Instructions, some o f the more ordinary
ciphers have been discovered. For In­
stance, one o f tbs simplest o f all offi­
cial ciphers la that used by the British
foreign office fo r the transmission o f
com paratively unimportant messages,
the cipher being too w ell known to
risk detection when there la much at
stake.
The letters o f the alphabet era ar­
ranged In the form o f a square:
l
I t
1«
I
a b o d e !
1 l i
] i
j
k
I m
a
o I
p
q r
s
t
4
u
v w
x
y
5
Bach letter la then ropraseoted by
tw o numerals. Tbus A would be IL
D would be 41. R would be 84. and so
on. Tbe letter E. which has to be
om itted from tbe cipher because o f the
fact that there are twenty-six letter«
in the alphabet. 1« represented by 0.
w hile tbe seme symbol to need to sep­
arate words.
Tbns in "Rush arms to Eanalbar"
the cipher would be:
MUMUOllMIMMMSIOOUtiMBlllM.
Colors Mean Mush, end Only the Arab
Fsragsss the Tarbeesh.
That stream o f people crossing the
Galata bridge, over the Golden Born,
runs rad. for ovary Ottoman, except
the Arab, must wear the tarboosh.
“The mas with a hat" maona the for-
eigner. The way to sea Constantin»
pia without attracting attention to
yourself la to slip on a tarboosh, hut
the wise foreigner has been alow thus
to surrender the one visible token o f
hie special extraterritorial righta. for
whan trouble la afoot the word goes
out to spurs T h e man with a hut" he­
causo o f the
ir o f international com
plication*. During the reactionary rev­
olution that rol lowed on the heels o f
the constitution there was a ludicrous
scramble au the pert o f the Bleaks and
other Christians to get benqgth bata,
and the sudden crop o f *Hk bau and
derbies was wonderful to behold.
tbe ha J, er pUgHmage, to Mecca Is pro­
claimed by hla bogs turban. Is a fre­
quent figure on the bridge, fo r every
Moslem man Who has the mee ns and
the physical strength la expected to
vhtft the M rthplece o f the prophet at
least ones In hla life. The elaborately
wound headdress o f the badjt la o f
white doth, bat a sayid’a, or descend­
ant o f Mohammad. Is o f green. Some­
times the mosqne officials, or Imams,
even when they are not o f the proph­
et's blood, w ear the green turban.
Duly the men w ear any sort o f head­
gear. Tba oriental woman goes hat-
leas. A doth or veil is as much cover­
ing aa aha w ean on her heed. As I
stood there an the bridge I saw a group
o f Turkish women stare through their
thick veil* at the bat o f a foreign wom­
an as she fastened by. Bloc* Young
Turkey has come Into power western
fashions are much in fa vo r in Constan­
tinople.—Youth’» Companion.
,
A B A TTLE OF TH E WINDS.
When Barses and Notus Rage at Eeoh
Other on the Desperas.
By a strange phenomenon. I f the
south wirih prevails the superficial cur­
rent o f the Bosporus la ravened,
though tbe Inferior current continues
Its accustomed con rae. Then the wa­
ters on the sorts cw are piled tumnltn-
ously back upon one another, and the
quays, which are several foot above
tbe ordinary Bosporus level, are flood­
ed And perhaps made Impassable. A t
such times calques and sm aller boats
do not dart to ventora opon the tem­
pestuous surface.
Sometimes a strong wind Mows
northward from the Marmora, and an­
other wind aa strong blows wttb equal
violence southward from tbe Black
sea. Then, aa on# gazaa from some
central point like Bonmell H tesar, be
beholds ships under fo il sail m ajestic­
ally approaching each other from both
directions rill at last they are only
two or three miles apart. Between
them lies a belt o f moveless sea. Into
which they are forced and on which
they d rift helplessly about and per­
haps.crash Into each other’s sides.
This Is a duel royal between Boreas
and Notua and may continue fo r hours.
Gradually the aone o f calm Is forced
north or sooth. A t last on* wind with­
draws like a defeated champion from
the arena. The ships which tt has
brought thus fa r drop their anchors
and watt or else hire one o f tbe nu­
merous steam togs which are peddling
expectantly about Tbe ships which
have come with the victorious wind
triumphantly resume their course, and
meanwhile their sailors mock and jeer
their fellow marinera whose breexe
baa failed them.—From “Constantino­
ple.” by Dr. Edwin A. Grosvenor.
Clothes In Colonial Days.
When Salem was settled the Massa­
chusetts
Bay
company
fnrntehed
clothes fo r all the men who Im migrat­
ed and settled In that town. Every
man had four palm o f shoes, four
pairs o f stockings, a pair o f Norwich
garters, four shirts, tw o salts o f doub­
let*. a pair o f hose o f leather lined
with oilskin, a wooden amt lined with
leather, four bands, tw o handker­
ch ief«. a green cotton w aistcoat a
leather b e lt a woolen cap, a black h at
tw o rod knit capo, tw o pairs o f gloves,
a cloak lined with cotton and an extra
pair o f breeches.
la, Argentina the laws provide that
a father most leave his children four-
fifths o f hte fortune, and a husband.
If be has no children, baa to leave h alf
o f hla property to hte w ife. An un­
married son la compelled to leave hla
parents two-thirds o f hte property, and
only nmharrted persona without p a r
ents or descendants can make wills
disposing o f tbalr possessions as they
see fit
This cipher ha* the advantage o f al­
most Infinite variety, a« by changing
tbe arrangement o f the numerals one
may easily baffle a chance recipient o f
the message, w M I* the person for
whom tbe cipher Is Intended would
have no trouble In reading iL-sJa:
H ay. Jr.. In Every Week.
___
Shocked Him.
#
"W h at did the boss do when yon
threatened to resign If he didn’t raise
your peyr
"H e surprised me.”
“ H ow 7"
"H e failed to show tbe slightest sign
o f alarm et the prospect o f my leev-
Ing."—D etroit Free Prase.
Gibbs—Why do you call yoer waiter
B illiard Cue? Dtbbe-Becauee he gives
the bast satisfaction when be has a
good tip.—Boston Transcript.
An Advantage.
"T o what do yon attribute your re­
markable health T
"Wan." replied tbe very old gentle­
man. "1 reckon I got a good start on
moat people by bein’ born before germs
waa discovered, thereby bavin* lena to
worry a b **L “ -W *eM n gtoo Star.
A wide spreading, hopeful
tion la your ouly true umbrella la tMa
rala o f taare.—T. B. Aldrich.
They Remind One Very Muoh of
V t h e Snakes In Ireland.
(
BECAUSE TH ER E ARE RONE.
What Apeleglee There Are Per Them
A re e Onset Deal Like the Bed e f a
•ten s Quarry — Ths Tartera That
Osee W ith a Trip In a Peking Cart.
Describing the randa, or, ralbar, the
lack o f roads, in Chios and the to r
ture that la undergone by the tourist
who. osad to tba luxurious modas o f
(APAN.
How Th »y Are Used and Haw They
Aro Served In Puklio Placet.
The u h o f chopsticks Is general hi
Japan, except among the richer ctess-
ee. who h are adopted European knlvea
and fork*, and. to eotne extan t the
European cuisine. Small bowls o f chi­
na or lacquered wood are the usual
table equipm ent
A fter the various
•olid pordona o f the food hare been
lifted to the mouth with chopsticks the
liquid rem aining la tipped from the
bowl.
In the caae o f rice, which would he
tedious to pick up grain by grain, the
bowl |a often rained to the mouth and
the rice aboveled or pushed to with the
chopsticks. It la also customary to
pour n little tea Into the rice bowl a ft­
er It baa been nearly emptied, and In
this w ay the few remaining gratna o f
rice are washed down as the tee Is
drunk.
A t public places the chopsticks at
each meal must be 'new. This la Indi­
cated by the fact that the chopsticks
are made from one piece o f wood and
are left joined together, as were
matches at ont dme In the United
Statea. These new chopsticks are In­
cased In a thin paper envelope, sealed
at the end. and bearing Japanese char­
acters advertising either the hotel or
some firm that has furnished them free
to the proprietor for the sake o f the
publicity thus gained.
Toothpicks,
whleh are fin ely used fu j all Japanese
at meaia. are also Inclosed In envelopes
that frequently bear advertising mat-
tsr.— New York Times.
to the uncurtain Joys o f a trip In. a
Peking chair. « w riter In the W ide
W orld Xagastne says:
"N ow , a Peking cart Is a vary vener­
able mode o f prograraakm. When our
ancestors were lightly dressed In woad
and had no conception o f any wheeled
vehicle the Chinese lady was paying
bar calls In the back e f u Peking ca rt
the seat o f honor under the t ilt wull
ont o f sight o f the passers by. w hile
her servant sat In fro n t the place o f
comfort, i f snCh a word can ha applied
to anything pertaining to a Peking
ca rt
“ In spite o f Its long and aristocratic
record if there Is any mods o f progres­
sion more wearying and uncomforta­
ble I have not met I t It Is aimply a
springless board set on a couple o f
wheels w ith a w ages tilt o f blue cotton
EXPLOSIVES OF W ARFARE
over It and a place fo r heavy luggage
behind. The Chinaman aits on the To a Great Extent They A re a Develop­
floor and does not seem to mind, hat
ment o f Fireworks.
the ordinary westerner. Uke m yself,
W ar Is a wholesale fireworks cele­
pariu Ida bedding and all the cushions bration. A giant firecracker Is really
be con beg or borrow around him and a dangerous bomb, and rifle grenades
then resigns him self to fats fa ta
are but small rockets, carrying high
T h e Peking cart has one advantafe. explosives and fired from rifles. Great
people w ill tell you—It baa nothing .to
break In It. But there are moments
when It would be a m ighty relief If
The first magsalne gun wan a Bo-
something did break, fo r I f the wood­ man candle. The first projectile pro­
work bolds together as It tosses you pelled by an explosive waa a rocket
from side to side you yourself are one Tbe first shrapnel waa a bomb dis­
sore, bruised mass. N o; I cannot rec­ charging luminous stare Instead o f bid-
ommend a Peking c a rt even on the lets.
smoothest road.
Modern w arfare M, so to speak, a
“ And the roads in China are not development o f K on rtl o f July Ideas.
smooth. W e all know the description
However, gunpowder—tbe first ex-
o f the snakes In Ireland. T h ere are pi OMive—waa Itself mere play stuff for
none.* and much the same m ight be at least a thousand years before any­
said about the roads In China. Tburo body ta u g h t o f using It fo r w ar pur­
am so called roads, certainly, upon poses. it was commonly employed In
which the people move about, but 1 Chins for fireworks and crackers dur­
have seldom met one that was any ing tbe earliest centuries o f the Chris­
better than the surrounding country, tian era. Tbe bombs nowadays drop-,
and vary- very often on this Journal pad by m ilitary aviators are children’s
I met roads where It was ease and lux­ ton*edoaa magnified to make them
ury to move o ff them ou to the neigh­ deadly.
boring plowed field. •
Really aa Incendiary bomb waa tbe
"T h e recipe fo r a road there in the
famous "Greek fire" o f the crusaders.
north seems to be: Take a piece o f the
It bee been aaid that shrapnel Is a
country that la realty too bad to p iew
modified fireworks bomb. U has the
or to use fo r any agricultural purpoea
form o f a cylinder, which, a t a dis­
whatever, that a mountain torrent. Ig
tance from the gnn muscle suitably
fact, has given up aa too much fo r the
timed by a fin e, blows Its own head
water, upset u stone w ell ever Ib -e
off. throwing out 250 or more lead bal­
stone wull with good, large stones In
lets that travel on their own account
It—take care they never tor n mo­
with a velocity o f 100 feet a second.—
ment lie evenly, and you have your
Pbtladelbpta Record.
road.
“ Leaving Peking fo r the eastern
Cemeteries Where Women Gossip.
tombs, you go fo r the first tw o or
Friday, the Sabbath o f the Moslem*,
three hours along a paved way o f mag­
nificent porportlons planned and laid whan all true believers o f tbe mascu­
ont aa a highway should be. The great line gender make a point o f going to
stones with which It Is pavad were church, their wives, slaters and daugh­
ter* resort to tbe cemeteries and w ail
probably put there by slave labor, bow
fo
r the dead. Bat all their tim e la not
many hundred yea n ago 1 do not
spent In weeping, and Borrow la not the
know, bat tbe blocks are uneven now.
only emotion they display on these oc­
some o f them are gone altogether,
casions. They take with them honchos
though bow a huge block o f atone
and garlands o f flowers and decorate
could possibly disappear paaaes my un­
the graves o f their relatives and pray
derstanding. and whenever tbe carter
and weep over the dead fo r a time.
could he took tbe cart dowa bee Id*
Then when this pious doty Is perform ­
the road, where at least the dust made
ed they gather In littid groups and have
a cushion for the nail studded wheels,
a good tim e gossiping about the Mvlng.
and the jarrin g and the joltin g were Thus the day o f mourning 1* vary popu­
not quite ao terrible.
lar among the Moslem women. It gives
" It takes aa long to get beyond tbe them almost the only opportunity they
environs o f Peking In a cart aa It doea have o f cultivating tbe acquaintance o f
to get out e f London In a motorcar. their neighbor*.
First w e passed through the Babylon­
ish gats, and tbe great walls were be­
Crowns by Wholesale.
hind us; then, outside the city, all look­
I t Is told o f one o f the ancient kings
ing dusty, dirty and kimkl colored In. o f Egypt that hte coronation proces­
tbe brilliant aunahlna. were numerous sion occupied a whole day In passing
small houses, and the wayside wss through the city o f Alexandria aqd
lined with booths on which were that 8.200 crowns o f gold w ere carried
things for sale.
by the servants. One crown was three
"A lon g the roadway came an endless foot in height and twenty-four feet tn
array o f people, clad for tbe most part circumference. There were also car­
In bine cotton—men walking, men with ried in the procession sixty-four suits
loads slung from a bamboo across o f golden armor, tw o boots o f gold,
their shoulders, donkeys laden with four and a h alf feet in length; tw elve
baskets or sacks o f grain, with fa t Chi­ golden basins, ten large vases o f per­
nes# ou their backs. There were Peking fum e* for tbe baths, tw elve ewers,
carta, there were males, there were fifty dishes and a large number o f ta-
ponies, and this busy throng la almost
o f gold. Tw enty-three o f the
the same aa It was a couple o f thou­ MOO crowns were valued at £334.400,
sand years ago.
and tt la not surprising that the pro­
“B ut It was a long, long while be­
w s* guarded by 80.000 soldiers.
fore I could feel I was really In tbe
Ganacta.
country- There was the khaki colored
land, there w ere the khaki colored
Let Her In an This.
“ I believe a man should be master
houeee. built o f mod apparently, with
graceful tiled roofs, and bine clad peo­ In hla own honra." asid the newly mar­
T h ere can be only one
ple everywhere and everywhere at ried man.
head In a fam ily, and I mean to be IL "
T h a t** a very good Idea." answered
"A lw ays the field* were most beau­
Is friend, who bad been married
tifu lly tilled. There were no fences.
The Chinese are too civilised to need more years than the other bad lived.
fences, and when yon see atone walla **a very good Idee Indeed. Have you
It te only because. since they can’t be spoken to your w ife about ttT"—8 t
dropped o ff the planet Into space, the L v ia Poet-Dispatch.
atones must be disposed o f somehow."
Tree Leaves and Water.
Ash leaves are capable o f taking np
Faria Fee Pelltenese.
Translated rather crudely and liter more water than those o f most other
ally, this Is the notice In a Parte truilej trees. In a hundred pounds o f ash
car: “ M eraleor* the passenger* de­ leave* are eigb ty-flv* o f water, in the
scending from the carriage are urged ■am* weight o f beech leaves seventy-
(literally "prayed*'), before renouncing five, o f maple sixty, o f pine fourteen
the abetter which the carriage they are and o f fir ten.
You Owe It to Yourself
your money.
to get the most you can fo r
I f you are thinking o f buying
SHEET M E T A L
Then w e can direct you to the place where they g ive value fo r value.
Perhaps you have already Rueaned where ft taw I f not, h is tee
SHEET METAL WORKS
w2r,„ F. H. G R IF F E T H M .Ä ..
Largest Manufacturing Plant
in the County;
LUMBER. LATH. SHINGLES. DOORS
REXALL Store
assortment o f everythin* to be found in
the highest cu ss drugstores. A ll kinds o f Pure Fresh D rugs,
Medicines and chemicals, Perfum es, School Books and Sup­
plies, Stationery, Iig g e tt’a and Lowneyte candies. Our stock
o f cigars is the best m town. You are alw ays welcome.
LYNN
B.
FERGUSON
S E A S O N A B L E C U T F L O W E R S —Plante m pote, cyclamens,
(fine plan ts), cinerarias, primroses, ferns, fern dishes, gerani­
ums, calls lilies (hardy flow ers), hydrangea, peonies. Roses
our specialty (strong plants). Low prices.
rta.rn.Mi J O H N G O W E R "■*•*.**■-
Parlor Pharm acy
«Q U A L IT Y S T O R E ”
O ur perfum es and toilet arti­
cles please the fa ir sex, and w ith
good reason.
Delicate scents,
both domestic and imported. A.
wide variety o f , toilet articlea
b o t h useful and ornamental.
Prices w ell within the reach o f alL
E. W. HODSON, Pharmacist
Wkk. 35
Suppressing Swearing.
Profane as w ell as legal oaths have
been tbe snpject o f many parllamen
tary measures in England No few er
than five separate bllte having the pre­
vention o f swearing for their object
were presented daring the reign o f
James I.. bat It was not nntil 1828
that an enactment waa finally carried
defining and controlling the offense
In 1635 a public department was es­
tablished to collect tbe fines enforced
by this law. Tbe officiate o f this de­
partment, o f whom one wan appointed
In every parish, were allowed 2a. fid.
In the pound on the money thus col­
lected. and tbe balance waa paid over
to the bishop for the benefit o f tbe de­
serving poor. These penalties ceased
to be enforced a fter tbe restoration,
bat w ere revived by a statute o f W1I
Item and Mary and still farth er In­
creased under George II.
Haa the Rfleet Lege.
; T h e little creatu re which b ea n
the d istin ction o f ow n in g m ore legs
and fe e t than any oth er known
organ ized being is th e m illepede,
which lite ra lly means "thousand
fo o te d .’ - T h e re are several aperies
o f this curious w orm , a ll possessing
th e ch aracteristics o f h avin g a
many segm ented body, each seg­
m ent provided w ith a pair o f legs.
U n lik e the centipedes— "hu n dred
fo o te d ” — th ey are p e rfe c tly harro-
Proper Exsreia*.
In exercising it is necessary to re­
member that a sufficient number of
muscles should be brought into play
at one time tn stimulate the action
of the heart and lungs and increase
Surveying.
There la in nee a stereoscopic method the circulation and reeniration, oth­
o f photograpM csarveytog. Photographs erwise the body aa a whole will not
are taken at tw o points w ith a survey­ be benefited h r the exercise.
ing camera, the ptatha being exposed In
A Real Grievanoe.
the vertical plane passing through both
M agistrate—How comes tt that you
stations. The developed plates, or pos­
itives from them, being then placed In dared to break into this gentleman’s
a stereoscopic measuring machine that bouse in the dead o f night 7 Prisoner—
combines tbe picture«, a b rief calcute W hy. your worship, the other time yon
tion gives tbe exact position o f aay de­ reproached me for stealing In broad
sired point Tbe effective range o f the d a yligh t
A in't I to be allowed to
Instrument is put at about five miles, work at a ll7— London Telegraph.
and the method is said to be o f parties
ter advantage tn mapping large areas
Har Ids*.
o f mountainous country.
"T h e spelling book's all wrong, mam-,
■M.**
Then Thsy Megan « * • » . .
"W h y ao. Ethel 7"
What the quarrel was about nei­
“ Because It don't look right for a lit-
ther of them knew, bat they had tie thing like a kitten to have six let­
been hard at it all the evening.
ters and a big cat to only have three.”
The lady waa the first to sue for —Yonkers Statesman.
peace. Seating herself coyly on the
Cause and E ffeet
arm of her huahand’a chair, she «aid
“
When
I
sing I gets test* In n y i
coaxingly:
about to quit offers them, to assure
eyes. What can 1 do fo r thteT"
Come,
John,
dear,
kiss
my
cheek
Naturally fie.
themselves, aa a preliminary, that no
“ 8 tu ff cotton In your ears " —Chicago
“She's been so conceited since they and make it np.”
carriage coming In the opposite direc­
Tribune.
managed to get a player piano."
B at John was not in a gracious
tion b In proxim ity."
"W ell. dear, player piano ow ner« do frame of mind. A ll he replied arts:
The one prudence o f
‘T i l kiss it, bnt I don’t think it «ration; the one evil Is
best but work hart aa a general thing put on aim ."—Bal­
timore American.
wants any more making up/