WITH SW ffP-
PRESIDENT OUTLINES fOOD ING DICTATORSHIP
POWER CREATED IN GERMANY
MEDIATION GROUND
United States Is Pledged to Work for
Harmony Among Nations.
HIGHER DIPLOMACY IS URGED
Address Before Peace League Inter
preted as “ Peeler” Looking to
Ending of European War.
W ashington, II. C. President Wil
son declared here Saturday night lie-
fore the League to Enforce Peace th at
the United Staten wan ready to join in
any feaaible aaaociation of nation« to
preserve the |>eace of the world ugainat
“ political am bition and aelt1«h hostil-
, ity ” and in »ervice of " a common or
der, a common juatice and a common
(teace. ’* He expressed the hope th at
the term« of jasace which end the pres-
ent war would include «uch an arran g e
ment.
O utlining euggeation« for
peace,
which the President «aid he ho|ied the
United State« would make when it has
the opportunity to do no, he included
provision for abaolute freedom of the
aeaa, a contention which haa been the
keyatone of all the diplom atic disrus-
aion« with Germany and G reat B ritain,
and virtual guarantee« of territo rial
in teg rity and |>olitiral independence.
Oliicial« interpreted the P resident's
addri-HH aa a prelim inary feeler for
peace in Euro|>e.
He outlined the
condition« on wihch the U nited State«
would move if it made a formal medi
atory offer with the idea, it waa un
derstood, of learning how auch sug-
gention« would be received abroad.
“ I am au re,“ «aid the President,
“ th at the people of the United State«
would wish th eir governm ent to move
along the«e line«:
“ F irst— Such a settlem ent w ith re
gard to th eir own im m ediate interests
as the lielligerenta may agree upon.
We have nothing m aterial of any kind
to ask for our«elvea and are quite
aw are th a t we are in no sense or de
gree p arties to the present quarrel.
Our in tere st ia only in peacu and its
fu tu re guarantee«.
“ Second — An univer«al association
of the nations to m aintain the invio
late security of the highway of the
neaa for the common and unhindered
use of all the nations of the world and
to prevent any war l>egun eith er con
tra ry to trea ty covenants or w ithout
w arning and full «ubmisaion of the
causes to the opinion of the world a
virtual guarantee of territo ria l integ
rity and political independence.“
The fundam entals of a lasting peace.
President Wilson said he believed
were:
“ F irst — T hat every people has a
rig h t to choose the sovereignty under
which they Hhall live.
“ I,ike other nations,” the President
said, “ we have ourselves, no doubt,
once and again offended against th at
principle when for a little while con
trolled by selfish passion, as our
franker historians have l>een honorable
enough to adm it, but it has become
more our rule of life and action.
“ Second — T hat the small states of
th e world have a rig h t to enjoy the
same rcsjiect for th eir soverignty and
for th eir territo ria l integrity th at
great and powerful nations expect and
insist upon.
“ And, third, th a t the world has a
rig h t to lie free from every distrub-
ance of it« peace th at has its origin in
aggression and disregard of the rights
of jieople and nations.”
The outstanding lesson of the world
war, the President said, had been th at
the peace of the world m ust henceforth
de|iend upon “ a new and more whole
some diplom acy.”
Newspaper Black-Edged.
A thens—“ Whoever dream ed to see
the B ulgarian flag supplant the Greek
flag in Macedonia? J u s t for this we
have m aintained m obilization at the
cost of the economic ruin of the coun
t r y ."
M. Venizelos, the form er prem ier,
thus w rites in the Herald, the Venizel-
ist organ. Feeling runs high over the
B ulgarian invasion of Greece. The
Herald appeared with a black border
as a token of national mourning.
T e x a s M ilitiam en R e p o rt.
San Antonio, T e x a s- Rapid decreas
es in the number of Texas National
guardsmen who did not respond to the
call to mobilize for service on the bor
der were reported Monday a t F ort San
Houston. Of the original 116 who
were cited for court-m artial, only 41
rem ain who still are liable for trial
and it is confidently expected th a t be
fore the hearing opens next week the
num ber will be reduced to less than a
dozen.
Berlin, via London -“ The adequate
nourishment of our population ia fully
assured and will he rendered doubtful
by any blockade regulations of enemy
«täte«, no m atter how unscrupulous
they may he and no m atter how long
the wur may la s t,” says the sem i
official North German G azette, in an
announcement of the creation of a food
dictator«hip with sweeping [/owers.
“ However, the short harvest of
1915, together w ith reduced imports,
havq resultod in a food scarcity in
some directions which m akes itself
felt, and efforts to b etter conditions
have been hindered by the fact th at
each federated state has been able to
make independent regulations. This
will now be corrected by a centraliza
tion of pow er.”
Probably never before have such
sweeping |s>wers been concentrated as
now granted H err von Bnttocki, the
new food dictator. Various counselors
will he assigned to him, representing
agriculture, industry, trade, the m ili
tary and the consumers, and the repre
sentatives of the federal states and as
sociations connected with the war will
aid him.
Final decision on all ques
tions, however, rests solely in H err
von B attack i's hands.
The regulations of the federal coun
cil will not be affected by the appoint
ment of the dictator, but in case of
pressing necessity the dictator is em-
|*owered even to issue contrary regula
tions, but these m ust be laid before
the federated council for approval.
3 0 ,0 0 0 Carranza Troops Hunt
Bandits Along Northern Border
W ashington, D. C.— R eports to both
the S tate and W ar departm ents Wed
nesday fu rth er indicated plans of the
C arranza governm ent to prosecute vig
orously pursiut of Chihuahua outlaw
bands while the Am erican forces re
main com paratively quiescent.
Closely following news of w ith
draw al from Mexico of the second
American punitive expedition sent
from Boquillas, Texas, under Colonel
Sibley and M ajor Langhorne, inform a
tion reached the S tate departm ent th at
General Obregon had ordered 30,000
troops to engaged in the bandit hunt in
Chihuahua and along the Big Bend
border.
Delay in o|>ening diplom atic discus
sions over the question of American
troops rem aining in Mexico also was
indicated in official dispatches. S tate
departm ent officials said th at receipt
of the new note being prepared by
General C arranza was not expected be
fore next week.
It was thought probable th a t re tire
m ent of the Big Bend expedition to
Am erican soil had presented a new sit
uation in connection with representa
tions contem plated in General Car
ranza's new note.
Battle at Verdun Grows Bloodier;
french Withstand Titanic Assaults
London — Tuesday witnessed the
bloodiest fighting in the whole b attle
of Verdun. The struggle of the first
days of the German assualt, or of the
second m ighty effort to overwhelm the
fortress, fade into nothing compared
with the tita n ic force of Tuesday's
blows. And th e ir net result, so fa r as
the Germ ans are concerned, was to
leave the b attle lines where the French
had left them a fte r the successful
counter attac k s of Monday.
Only about the Thiaum ont farm ,
east of the Meuse, does P aris adm it
the loss of a single foot of ground.
Berlin herself claims only the capture
of a small blockhouse w est of the
riv er and of a sap mine near Vaux.
For the re st it contents itself w ith re
porting the repulse of the French a t
tacks.
Every available man and every avail
able gun except those actually nec
essary for the reserves the Germans
have m ustered into the battle.
They
made a suprem e effort to recapture
F ort Douaumont, which in th eir ab
sorption at Hill 304 and Le Mort Hom
me, they had neglected to prepare
against the contingency of French sur
prise, but the French g rip on th eir old
fortifications was too strong.
A ssault a fte r assault, so many of
them th a t they literablly flowed into
each other until even the French could
not distinguish them , was delivered
within the old ram parts.
It was a
repetition of the hand-to-hand struggle
in the stree ts of Vaux.
B eer and Egg C ondem ned.
Birmingham, Alg.—The general as
sembly of the Cumberland P resbyter
ian church ended its 86th annual m eet
ing Wednesday night a fte r adopting
a resolution favoring a constitutional
am endm ent for National prohibition
and approving a com m ittee report
which deplored th a t a large num ber of
women had formed the habit of using
alcoholic drinks.
I t condemned specifically the use of
beer and egg as a spring tonic.
NORTHWEST MARKET REPORTS;
GENERAL CROP CONDITIONS
Portland — W heat — Bluestern, 99c
(>er bushel; fortyfold, 92c; club, 9Uc;
red Fife, 90c; red Russian, 90c.
Hay E astern Oregon tim othy, |2 4
ft/,24.60 per ton; valley timothy, $21ft/
22; alfalfa, old crop, $17ft/18.
Millfeed Spot prices- Bran, $26ft/
26.60 per ton; shorts, $29ft/29.60;
rolled barley, $31.50(0,32.50.
Corn—Whole, $36 ton; cracked, $37.
V egetables—Artichokes, $1 dozen;
tom atoes, $4.25 per crate; cabbage,
$2.500/3 per hundred; garlic, 10c per
pound; peppers, 25c; eggplant, 200/,
25c; horseradish, 8Jc; lettuce, $20/,
2.40 per c rate; cucumbers, $10/, 1.25
per box; spinach, 40/,6c per pound; as
paragus, 90cft/$1.25 per dozen; rhu
barb, 1 JO/,2c per pound; peas, 7Jft/8c;
beans, 12Jc; celery, $3.50 per crate.
Potatoes — Jobbing prices: Oregon,
$1.600/, 1.75; California, new, 3ft/3Jc
per pound.
Onion»- Oregon, $1.6 Oft/, 2 per sack;
C alifornia red, $2.25.
Green F ru it— Straw berries, Oregon,
$2.50ft/3 per crate; apples, $lft/1.75
[>er box; gooseberries, 45c per pound;
cherries, $11.75 per box; canteloupes,
$5 per crate; apricots, $22.25 per box.
Eggs — Jobbing prices:
Oregon
ranch, candled, 23Jft/24c per dozen;
uncandled, 23c.
Poultry—Hens, 16ft/16Jc per pound;
stags, 12c; broilers, 25ft/30c; turkeys,
live, 18ft/20c; turkeys, dressed, choice,
230/25; ducks, 160/, 18c; geese, 10c.
B utter — E xtras, prints, 27 (£/ 29c;
firsts, 26c; cubes, 24ft/25c; b u tterfa t.
No. 1, 27c; No. 2, 25c, delivered P o rt
land; store butter, 18(//20c.
Veal—Fancy, 11c per pound.
Pork—Fancy, 11c per pound.
Hopa— 1915 crop, lOCi/llc; 1916 con
tracts, 110/, 21c.
Wool—E astern Oregon, 200/30c per
pound; valley, 33<r/36c.
Cascara B ark—Old and new, 4c per
pound.
C attle — Steers, choice grain and
pulp, $8.900/9; choice hay, $8.50 0/
8.85; choice grass, $8 ft/, 8.50; good,
$8.150/8.50; medium, $7.600/8; cows,
choice, $7.600/7.75; good, $6.750/7.25;
medium, $6.250/7.25; heifers, $5.500/
8; hulls, $30/6; stags, $4.500/7.
H o g s— Prim e light, $8.900/9.10;
good to prime, $8.60 @ 8.85; rough
heavy, $80/8.60; pigs and skips, $7.50
0 / 8 .
S h e e p — \e a r lin g s , $8.250/9; w eth
ers, $80/9.05; ewes, $70/8.25; lambs,
$90/9.60
________
KEEPING A GOOD STAND OF RED CLOVER
Heavy Second Crop of Clover.
( P r e p a r e d b y t h e t ’ n lte d S t a t e s
m e n t of A g r i c u l t u r e . )
D epart
Red clover Is com m only seeded with
sm all g rain which Is called th e n u rse
crop. T h is n u rse crop serv es tw o
functions, It keeps th e w eeds down and
it produces a m oney crop w hile the
clover Is m aking its first y e a r's
grow th. W h eth er It is w ise to use a
n u rse crop d ep ends on so m any th in g s
th a t It can n o t be discussed w ithin th e
lim its of a brief a rtic le ; it h as been
abun d an tly show n, how ever, th a t If
weeds a re kep t dow n by clipping, th e
clover will m ake a b e tte r grow th when
sown alone th an w hen w ith a n u rse
crop. In dry seasons th e n u rse crop
Is p re tty ce rta in to cause th e death
of th e clover by ta k in g all th e m ois
tu re and th en leaving the young p lants
exposed to th e h e a t of a Ju ly o r Au
gust sun w hen In a w eakened condi
tion by reaso n of th e lack of m ois
ture. If a n u rse crop Is used care
should be tak en n o t to seed It too
thickly, since th e th ic k e r th e grain
crop th e m ore c e rta in It is to sm o th er
th e clover o r to ta k e all th e m oisture
and leave th e soil dry a t h a rv e st tim e.
Of th e sm all g rain s ry e sh ad es th e
ground th e le a st and o ats th e m ost
and th e se crops re p re se n t both ex
trem es of d esirab len ess so fa r a s red
clover Is concerned. T he m o st fre
q u en t cau ses of th e d eath of young
clover a re th e dro u g h t and h e a t to
w hich th e p lan ts a re sub jected upon
th e rem oval of th e g rain crqp. The
am ount of in ju ry caused will, of
course, depend on th e season.
In ju ry will also be w orse on soils
deficient In hum us since th e se run to
Washington Fruit Crop Is Late.
g eth er and dry o u t m ore th a n soils
Olympia, Wash. — For the whole having plenty of organic m a tte r. Top
state of W ashington th is y ea r's fru it d ressin g th e fields w ith m an u re during
crop is from one week to two weeks late w in ter Is as good a prev en tiv e of
later than normal, according to A ssist th is d an g er as can be suggested. The
ant S ta te Commissioner of A griculture m an u re will n o t only p rev en t loss of
Morrison. Soft fru its were m aterially m oistu re but will fu rn ish p lan t food
damaged by the hard frost of May 10, for th e young clover, m aking stro n g e r
11 and 12. The cold w eather of last plants, b e tte r able to w ith stan d
w inter did more dam age than the drought. It is also advisable to leave
frosts of spring, however.
L ight th e g rain stubble as long as possible
cherry, raspberry, blackberry and lo so as to afford sh e lte r to th e young
ganberry crops are predicted for W est plants.
ern W ashington.
If th e re is a good stand of clover on
R eports from Yakima county place a field In S ep tem b er and O ctober
the apple crop there a t 65 per cent of th e re Is every reason to expect a good
a m aximum crop, pears at 53 and stand In spring, barring, of course,
peaches a t 40 per cent. C herries are m ost unusual w eath er conditions. If.
cut down to 18 per cent, prunes and how ever, th e soil Is deficient In lime
plums 40 and apricots 26. N otw ith the p lan t, though a p p earin g fa ir In
standing general dam age to W ashing th e fall, m ay lack th e vigor to go
ton apple orchards, it '« estim ated th at th ro u g h even a reaso n ab ly mild win
increased acreage in bearing will pro ter. Tw o m istak es a re often m ade,
duce more carloads of fru it th is year and th e se should be guarded a g a in s t
than w ere shipped last season.
T he young clover should not be p as
tu red closely In th e fall, nor should It
Hogs Sell Dime Higher This Week. be allow ed to seed. L ast fall, owing
An increase of 10,000 hogs to date to th e favorable sum m er young clover
th is month over 40,000 gain for the was found blossom ing and seeding in
year looks as if not all the hog raisers m any fields. T his is bad because It
had “ absolutely” gone out of business w eakens th e plant« and in c re a se s the
yet, says the Portland Live Stock Re num ber of clover-seed Insects, th e late
porter. The past week w asn’t very broods finding th e se flower h eads a
strong as fa r as prices w ere concerned. fine place in w hich to lay eggs which
Barely a nine-cent level was main h atch Into larv ae, m any of w hich may
tained a fte r Monday and from Thurs | live over th e next w inter.
Provided th e re Is lim e and phos
day $8,95 was about the top.
Hog trade opened up briskly on a phorus enough In th e land, second-
curtailed receipt basis. Quite a num y ear clover should give little trouble
ber of hogs were weighed up to pack unless a tta c k e d by root b o rers o r oth-
e r Insects
T h ere a re leaf-eating In
sects th a t do dam age locally and som e
fungi have been known to kill whole
fields or to reduce yields, but th e In
se c ts w orking on th e roots probably
give m ore trouble th an o th e r lnsecta
or th an d iseases. W hen a field be
com es Infested w ith root-eating In
se c ts th e re is n o thing to do b u t plow
it up. T he fact th a t Insects and dis
eases of all kinds in crease In clover
fields Is one of th e best reaso n s why
such a field should not be k ep t longer
th an tw o years.
T he p rinciples of successful clover
grow ing m ay be sum m arized as fol
low s:
C-lve th e clover a chance to m ake a
h ealth y p lan t by adding lim e, phos
phorus and potash to soils th a t need
them . In som e way add vegetable
m a tte r to th e soil and keep up th e
supply by tu rn in g un d er clover often
enough.
Give th e seed a fa ir chance by plac
ing It In m ellow soil and covering It
from one-half to one inch deep.
If sown w ith a n u rse crop, give the
young p lan ts a chance by n o t seed
ing th e g rain crop too thickly, by top
d ressin g w ith m an u re If p racticab le,
and by c u ttin g th e stubble as high a s
possible.
F or fu rth e r Inform ation th e re a d e r
Is re fe rred to F a rm e rs’ B ulletin No.
455 of th e U nited S ta te s d e p a rtm e n t
of ag ricu ltu re.
BUILDING A POULTRY HOUSE
Extreme Open-Front Structure Fur
nishes Ideal Conditions— Roost
ing Closet Desirable.
A bouse w ith a large a re a of glass
and no m uslin has a high m o istu re
co n te n t and low tem p e ra tu re, accom
panied w ith rapid changes. An ex
tre m e open-front house fu rn ish es Ideal
conditions, providing th e birds a re pro
tected from rain, snow and d rafts.
A house, th e fro n t of which co n tain s
som e m uslin and glass is a very effi
cien t type. Hollow tile c o n stru ctio n
m akes a very d esirab le house, but It la
doubtful w h eth er a t th e p re se n t p rices
of tile and m ason labor th e re su ltin g
increased cost w a rra n ts its use. A
ro o stin g closet w ith double w alls ia
d esirab le in shed-roof laying houses.
T he providing of am ple m eans of
properly v en tilatin g shed-roof, paper
covered housfes adds g reatly In reduc
ing te m p e ra tu re d u ring sp rin g and
sum m er. Tongued and grooved boards
for ‘he o u tsid e wall w hen covered
w ith a lay er of building p ap er are
reaso n ab le in cost and supply in a
g reat m easu re the n o n rad iatin g quali
ties of a double wall
Blood in Milk.
Blood In m ilk is caused by ru p tu re s
of th e sm all blood vessels In th e udder,
allow ing blood to How into th e m ilk
ducts. N othing can be done to p rev en t
it. Its ap p earan ce is not a sign of dis
ease.
F req u en tly the ru p tu re s are
caused by th e cow strik in g her udder
a g a in st som ething.
ers on arrival, buyers being anxious
for th eir supplies. P ackers’ first bids
a lot of feed th a t was m ore o r less of
were at $8.90@8.95, but as high as VALUABLE FEED FOR SWINE a loss w ithout th e silo.
$90/9.10 on an excellent load was real
ized later as the m arket warmed up. Pigs Receiving Rape Pasture In Addi
DEFINITION OF PERFECT SOIL
tion to Corn Make Big Daily
B utchers’ bid was up to $9.10 on ordi
Average Gains.
nary quality.
Bulk of th e packer
Sand, Clay, Lime and Organic Matter
stuff, however, brought $8.960/9.
Mohair Season Now Nearly Over.
Portland — The few lots of mohair
rem aining in the W illam ette valley
are being taken up at reduced prices.
The aggregate quantity rem aining un
sold is small and should quickly be dis
posed of.
There is criticism in some quarters
of a local buyer who made the an
nouncement th at he would pay only 35
cents this week, and charges of manip
ulation are made. The growers will
rem em ber, however, th a t it was this
same buyer who started th e advance at
the opening of the season, and was re
sponsible, more than anyone else, in
g e ttin g the farm ers more money for
th eir m ohair than they ever before re
ceived. It is his privilege to reduce
his buying price at th is tim e, when
the suppy is practicality exhausted, if
he sees fit.
T he anim al h u sb an d ry d ep artm en t
of S outh D akota A gricultural college
conducted an In te re stin g experim ent
to d eterm in e th e co m p arativ e value of
hogging off corn w ith and w ithout
rape. I t w as learn ed th a t th e pigs re
ceiving rap e p a stu re in addition to
corn m ade a daily av erag e gain of 1.28
pounds, w hile th o se receiving corn
only, gained b u t 1.06 pounds.
SILO SAVES MUCH FEED COST
Begin Planning for Place to Store
Green Fodder Necessary for Cat
tle During Winter.
It's none too soon to begin to plan
on th a t sllc for n ex t fall.
If you
have n o t a silo now you should be
p lan n in g to see tf you co u ld n 't make
good use of one th is year.
A silo o r tw o on every farm last
y ear would have m eant the saving of
Are Named as Necessary Ingredi
ents by Ohio Expert.
Prof. Alfred Vivian, head of th e de
p a rtm e n t of ag ricu ltu ral ch em istry of
Ohio S tate university, defines a p er
fect soil as "one which co n tain s the
in g red ien ts in p erfect pro p o rtio n s;
sand, to enable it to ab so rb a ir and
m oisture in proper am o u n ts and to
re n d e r It w arm and friab le; clay, to
keep it cool, and p rev en t a too rap id
leaching o r evaporation of w ater;
lime, to a ssist In th e decay of vege
ta b le m a tte r, and organic m a tte r to
retain th e best am ount of m oistu re
and to furnish m aterial for th e vari
ous chem ical processes co ntinually
going on In good s o ils .'
Always In Demand.
More sheep should be raised
Thg
dem and for lam b and m utton Is ale
w ays good.