-----------
Buyer of Dry Goods Need Not
Take Clerk’s Word.
stronger
than
cotton
and
when
I broken the ends are very uneven
(and straight, while ends of cotton
8 h 0 pper. _ K „ o w .
THE
Winter fslonths on the farm
.he
has a certain sum to spend and never 8 AME OLD GAME W ORKED W ITH
spends more. Knows what she wants
SLIG H T VARIATIO NS.
By Mrs. Helen Bryce Brooks, of the before she goes to the store and
Dept, o f Domestic Art, Oregon
insists on having it.
Does not de-
Agricultural College, Corvallis.
pend on clerks to tell her what or
Women are the great shoppers of boaf touch to buy. Knows what ma- ¿rocer “ Sells” His Place to Stranger,
Keeping t*ie Dairy H «d Up to the
terlals and colors wear best, the
Maximum Production in Co.d W exther
Then Placet His Money in a
the world, It is they who buy the ]ook ^
fee, oi good cloth of
a)1
Trunk—
Presto,
Finds
Brick
B
y
P
ROF. G. C. H U M P H R E Y
large output o f cotton and woolen kinds, the prices that should be paid,
W u con ja C o lL tt o f s lg r * u lU ;i
in Its Stead.
mills, linen and silk manufacturles and the stories that can be depended
Do they transact this immense bull uf<on f° r reasonable and substantial
. ,
. . . ...
_
goods. Buys one good garment rather
Denver, Colo.— Evidently
they’re
ness wisely and Intelligently?
The lhan , wt/ cheap *ne8 V e s not buy
_
itill being born at the rate of one a
many and var.ea adulterations o f tex niaterial with dots in, or with woven
minute. Working the old bewhiskered
tile fabrics are evidences o f the lack figures that have loose ends,
game, an Italian sharper swindled
grain ration consists of wheat fc’-in
It is easy to make co “ » give an
of serious and conscientious business
The secret o f good shopping is Christopher Kayas, owner of a gro
3 parts, oats 3 parts, corn meal 2
abundant tow of milk in spring and
principles or the most deplorable ig never to buy materials until need is
cery store here, out of $3,500.
summer when pastures are luxuriant parts, and distillers’ grains 2 pa-ts.
norance o f the fabrics dally used.
felt and then to determine
what is
Kayas was visited by the crook •»RAYER IN AN INDIAN COURT.
What was the matter with the las' appropriate for that need and finally
and the days warm, but in the severe Where the cow requires variation in
early in the morning. He claimed he
dress purchased? Did it fade; did It to insist on having it.
winter months the greatest skill of the her feed small amounts of dried brew
shrink badly; did it go to pieces
A t the* present time the rush to was a real estate agent and desired
The noon hour struck, tolled by the feeder is demanded to ke ep up th- • ro- ers grains or oil rntal are used occa
when rubbed on the washing board; the bargain counter, the enormous to purchase the grocery store. An of rail-gong at the treasury door, and in auction of the dairy herd. By buying sionally.
did it
look like linen smooth
and amount of cheap, poor material man- fer was made which the owner re- a moment all things came to stand- n lw ty o f expansive feeds it ts p o s s ib le ! Prof. W. A. Henry speaks as fol-
glossy
and then after washing look ufactured and the great waste in fused. After much talk the price was Etill. The Mohammedan lawyers, the t 0 do this but that removes the pr ¡tits 'o .s rtg rulug these ¡eeds;
>\ ae ;t
coarse
and dull; did it spot, did it dress, all go to prove that there are raised and the alleged agent produced
vlllage Moslems
e bran u is espe dally valuable due to its 3
osiems loitering
loitering about
about the
the an(l
an,i the
tbe problem
problem is
is, how
how to get
get a a la
ta v are
prove
to be o f more cotton
than nlanv women who are not intelligent
$3,500 in bills.
' court, even
‘
“
..
.....................
■n Mozuffer
Khan
with his production of milk from an economical laxative properties It farnijl.es bulk
wool, although you were assured buyers,
To show that both the purchasei guardian policeman, all reverently system of feeding.
afld Iilenty c { prote.n and asU so es-
that it was "all wool"? in fact, did
I Many dairymen
Soirvm «, make a great
ureal mis- sential in milk formation. The coin-
and the seller were in good faith it withdrew.
you simply take a clerk's word for
the puri'y of the fabric rat{ier than
va s agreed that Kayas was to pul
^ moment later they reappeared on take in not keeping enough grain and lunation of bran and corn meal is not
your own Judgment?
up the same amount, place it in a tbe wide concrete veranda outside the roughage to carry their herds through | excelled as a dairy feed. Ti e bulk
There are a few simple tests that
tiunk where the money was to remain window at my left. There they laid the winter. Instead they sell grain I of the oat though carrying little nu-
may be used which would aid ma
until the necessary
papers
were down their prayer-mats, and standing and roughage in large amounts and i triment renders this grain a feed of
terially in the selection of te x tile !
signed and the store turned over to a nr8t with devoutly bowed heads and as a result find themselves bandi- I light character which is easily di
fabrics. Do not go by looks alone
buyer.
| hands folded they murmured the noon capped for feed before spring i asture gestibie. Oats contain a higher pro-
Get a sample of the material and test j
Just as the bills were placed within prayers o f the prophet’s religion; then is available. Unless a man grows ¡¡ortion of digestible protein than corn
in the following ways:
the trunk, a customer, thought to have knelt, still praying, and made obels- enormous crops, this sale of farm prod- or wheat. This grain in itself is a
For Fading.— Cover one end o f the
sample with a piece of cardboard
been a confederate, entered the store. ance, prostrating themselves before uct in its original form not only robs wed-balanced ration. Corn meal is a
Expose the rest to sunlight for a
Kayas went to the front of the place A1]ah the Merciful, the Compassionate, the soli of fertility but also is a false j heavy, rich feed and should always be
number of days and then note the
and sold him a cigar, then returned to The reverence of their devotion was economy, for the reason that in late . lightened or extended by the use of
effect.
the agent.
He left shortly a fter perfect, and wholly free from the self- winter the farmer has to buy feed at , bran, shorts, oil meal or some other
For Shrinkage.— Measure the length
ward, promising to return soon.
conscious
shamefacedness
that
I high prices when the supply is scarce feed of light character.”
and width of your sample.
Dip in
When he failed to put in an appear should have felt, supposing that I, the or has to sell his cattle because of
Feeding experiments prove that
hot water, or wash k it with warm
ance, Kayas became suspicious, opened magistrate, had suspended court to lack of feed for them,
dried distillers' grains are more valu
water and soap.
Is it very much
the trunk, and instead of the neat pray there in public.— Charles John-
Much wiser is the dairy farmer, able than oats as a feed for the dairy
shorter or narrower? Would it shrink
roll of greenbacks which had been ston in The Atlantic,
a great deal In a yard?
who fills his feed bins and his siio or herd. Cows are fond of brewers
placed there found a large brick. The ,
For Strength.— Where strength in
his root cellar and feeds their con grains and their use influences a good
transfer was probably made when the
wearing and washing is desired, place
Because of the sloppy
tents to his herd during the winter. milk flow.
the thumbs and first lingers over the]
confederate called Kayas to the front
A R T IS T ’S CLEVER WORK.
He markets his produce in the form * character of wet brewers grains they
cloth, pressing down hard and pull
of the store.
>
I
-----
of milk and besides realizing a good j should be supplemented by some dry
ing the cloth in both directions,—
a
Kayas was ashamed of the fact that
The
notable
instance
of
. . most
„
...
.
. . . profit from it also has the use of the feed in the winter ration,
with the warp and with the wxif.
he had been duped and refused to re novel dealing with a country which manure frcm the herd t0 rcturn t0 his ! o il meal is a very healthful feed
Do you find the threads weakened?
port the matter to the authorities. A the author had never seen was Short- | fields. A money value is realized ; and brings the animals into good con-
Is one set of threads much stronger
house’s “ John Inglesant.”
friend, however, notified the police.
i from the grains and also a fertilizing dition. with pliable skins and oily
than the other?
The second volume of that remark
Materials are sometimes weak be
able romance deals In the most de -1
cause of Imperfections in the weave,
$500 TO FIND RALPH JACKSON tailed way with Italian manners and
o r because one set o f threads Is
-----------
I Italian scenery. Many of the descrip-
stronger than the others. Hold the
BKaL .
sample toward the light and see if
Family of Kansas Teacher, Who Was tions— that of Umbria at night, for in-j
you can detect a difference.
Soon to Wed, Offers Reward
stance, and the scene in the pavilion
r.
Cords running only one way weak
for Information.
in the forest— are charged with the'
en materials.
Cords running both
-----
very atmosphere of Italy; and Flor- j
ways give strength. I,ooaely woven
Wichita, Kan.— A fter two weeks ot ence during the plague lives horribly!
cloth catches on splinters, nails and
most diligent searching by scores of before our eyes. Y et Joseph Henry
other sharp things.
Closely woven
men, who have turned over every Shorthouse had never been In Ita ly .,
cloth Is more satisfactory.
brush pile and combed every field in Enthusiasm and the genius for as-
For Finishing.— Hub the material in
the hands or pick at the surfaoe with
this part of the country, no trace of *imiiati° n evolved tt all In a quiet j
the finger nail.
Does the starch
the missing Ralp Jackson has been bouse at Edgbaston. London Chron-
come out? Wet the finger and rub
found.
I lc*e-
on the cloth? When the cloth dries
When this young man, alumnus of
has the gloss disappeared?
Chicago university and the Friends
C A P IT A L ’S BEAUTY SPOT.
Sometimes cotton cloth which has
university of Wichita and teacher of
-----
been on the market for some time
Is weakened by the action o f the
mathematics In the Sterling (Kan.)
One of the beauty spots in Wash-
chemicals used In bleaching, dyeing
high school, stepped off a Santa Fe Ington is the water lily farm conduct-
Comfort, warmth and attractiveness
or In the sizing. This may be de
train In this city he apparently ed by a woman who< as a clcrk ln the
arc all rolled into one when- a c,.at of
tected by tearing the cloth.
stepped out of the world
j treasury department, lost her health.
this kind i* concerned. It i* h indy to
Beware of low-priced cotton goods
The only thing that might possibly Starting as an amateur cultivator of
slip over the afternoon card-party-frock
with a thick gloss or a pasty look.
Indicate that he Intended to disappear lllies- 8he has become one of tbe most j
They are probably tilled with starch. ai well as fur train wear over the evening
Is that he drew all his money, about prosperous producers of the flowers. \
Do not expect linen at cotton prices. gown.
' f
I.lncn is much more expensive than
$65, from a Sterling bank before he She purchased a few acres on the Po
tomac and caused an artificial lake to |
cotton, and when linen prices are
took the train for Wichita. Two per
be made on her land by piping in the
paid linen should be demanded. Since
sons, however, refuse positively to
GEORGE AN ATHLETE give
water. She became fascinated with
the two fibers are rather hard to' KING
any significance to this. They are
distinguish, especially when heavily i
the work, and willingly gave up her
Mabel Copplck of Enid, Okla.,
starched, and given a good fin’sh, it I His Majesty Has Practiced Most Miss
___ .
.
, , , ,,
. government position so that she could
»h em he was to marry this fall, and deTOte her attentlon to the flowers.;
is quite easy to deceive the buyer.
Forms of Manly Exercise and
the girl’s brother, a schoolmate and Now she has ponds which cover five r
‘‘Linen" collars are frequently large
,
Especially Likes 8 hooting.
. . . . .
..
1 careful mixing of feeds suited to tho individual needs of each cow is the
chum of Jackson.
ly
cotton;
"linen"
handkerchiefs!
I acres, in which she is raising the flow.
secret of successful feeding for milk. This feed car makes the mixin(
may not have a thread of linen, as
This brother
The king s reception at Buckingham
„
. has been most indus- ers, and many persons go to her gar-
of rations an easy matter.
la likoly to he the cage with rattier
trious of all the searchers. He an- den at early hours of the morning tc
palace
recently
of
the
team
of
polo
Inexpensive
embroidered
handker
nounced he will find Jackson s body, see the lilies In full bloom.
players
who
are
to
represent
England
chiefs; table "linen" may lie nier
if he is dead, and w ill find the man
____________________
value in that the mauurial residues sleek coats. It has a very beneficial
«erlced cotton, cotton and linen or j In the United States, recalls the fact
I
o f these feeds is returned to the soil. effect upon the digestive tract but
«v e n ordinary cotton.
that hts majesty played regularly himself if he is alive.
The last person who remembers*
“ CH INAM AN.”
The golden maxim of the dairy fanner should not be fed in large quantities
For Spotting.—Shake Borne drops! when he was a naval lieutenant. He
should be "Produce as much feed as due to Its concentrated character.
_
.. '
. .
7
. ,
of water on the sample.
Does it t was a good player, too, and could hold seeing him is Calvin Knight, a student
lose lustre where the drops . have
0n
8" b ect f * ur^ ,8in* m° d' possible on the farm. Feed the grains
, .. his own with some of the best repre- friend, with whom he rode to Wichita
I he nutritive ratio of a given ration
and market
them
as milk and meat, at
" i f * 8 U ls " ° ‘ able that be
__________
______
______
drted?
Hang out a piece o f r
8entatlve, of the two Bervices. Almost that night. When the train arrived
depends upon the character of the
In the sun nnd submit to the action
here
Jackson
told
Knight
he
was
go-
f
°
rd
dlct,
0
”
aJ7
flnds
,,n°
e^rlier
,n'
the
same
time
making
use
of
the
feeds which it contains with refer
o f sun nnd rain
Does it loose its every form of manly exercise has been ing to walk to a dormitory on the
‘V * ! !? * !!
as fertiilzer ”
practiced by hts majesty, and there >-» j 1
_
1 01 & native of v nina, tnan 1854, ^ h 6 n ,
_
color and become gray nnd dull?
ence to their protein, carbohydrate
Friends
campus
to
surprise
Professor
Emerson
B
O
uscu
,t.
X
he
previous;
According
to
Production.
la
M
t
lbs
slightest
doubt
that
every
T o prevent spotting, lay a damp
and fat content. Some feeds are de
cloth on the wrong side of the ma kind ef sport will benefit enormously Truesdall, a particular friend when he word was ••Chinese” from which th e 1 Each fdrmer 8hould keeP ‘ be P r » ficient In protein and such feeds,
terial. roll
the two together nnd daring his reign
was In college here. Although the pluraI ••Chineses” was formed by Mil - 1 d“ ction and exI ,ens<!8 of every cow in therefore must be supplemented with
when evenly dnmp. unroll nnd press
shooting, of aourre, holds the warm campus Is two miles from tbe depot.' ton and bis contemporaries, and t h e 'bls berd and should 8 UPPly ie« d <o feeds rich in protein substances ln
through the damp cloth with a partly
plac# ,n h(§ m aj„ ty-8 affection» Jackson picked up his suit case and falge slnguiar ••Chinee" by modern
c° ^ , ,n _Proportlon to her produc order that the animals may be sup
hot Iron: press until cloth is thor- ,.j (oTe a
n —
trudged away towards It.
Americans. But “ Chinaman” in an tlon and capacity. An excellent rule plied with the proper nutrients for
other sense, that of a dealer in china, used In the Wisconsin College of Ag nourishing the body and for the pro
Tests 'Vor 'c Ot to n or W o o l.-R a vel a but » am almoat 118 baPPy wbe“ 1
few threads at the edge of the ma- * m Ashing the pools rt Dae with a APOLOGIZES AFTER 15 YEARS was ln use long before 1854. The Ox riculture herd is to “feed as many duction of milk, beef, wool, etc.
ford dictionary gives three Instances pounds of grain daily as the animal
terial and pull them i*rtlall.v off and long day before me.”
An Investigation of problems con
hum them.
is the odor offensive.
Next to shoootlng and fishing, King
o f It from London directories of 1772,1 p.roduce8 P°um!s of butter fat during
W ife and Daughter Told Him to Dc
the week.” Roughage should be sujv nected with the feeding of the Wis
like burning hair? Test the threads Ocorge’s warmest admiration Is re-
1801
and
1819,
but
does
not
notice
that
His Own Mending and He
consin College of Agriculture dairy
of both warp and woof
if the odor 8erTed for the Rugby code of football
in 1763 one “ John Crowther, China- plied ln amounts which the tow will
Quits House,
herd, which has been conducted du
differs, one
set of threads may be Not long ago he expressed the opinion
man,” was gazetted bankrupt. "Chlna- clean up thoroughly.
wool, while
the other might be all
R
th0 M#al fam . for aii
Corn still remains the most valu ring the past nine years, furnishes ad
Kansas City. M o.-Cornellus Schroe- woman” ,n a 8,mllar 8ense Soea back able winter feed grown In the United ditional evidence with regard to the
cotton or mixed cotton and wool
‘ 7 : '
Another burning teat shows that ranks of the army and navy, as It kept der tore a hole in his trousers fifteen f° Ben Jobnson London Chronicle,
States. It can be best fed as silage proper protein supply 0f rations for
cotton bums rapidly, while wool
men "At." taught them to realize years ago at Inman, Kan. He asked
as in this form the dairy herd relish dairy cows on Wisconsin farms and
burns slowly and chars.
the virtues of self-discipline, and to his wife and four daughters to mend
SPLENDID SCENERY.
it best and there is the least waste ln other northwestern states. This in
A practical test may be made by vfOMBggff hard knocks,
them.
Silage which ls to the cow what vestigation rnd practical feeding ex
boiling a sample in a five per cent
Tfcea. again, his majesty Is a cap!
Hinchinbrook channel is perhaps
“ If you want them mended, do It
canned vegetables are to the human perience In this country have shown
solution of caustic potash for twenty tai swimmer, and has actually saved yourself," Schroeder says his wife told
&randest Piece of scenery on the race, is greatly relished by the dairy that a nutritive ration of 1:6 or even
minutes.
The wool becomes dliv ,,f# from drownlrg
Thls interesting him.
I Queensland coast. Orchids ln bloom,
herd on account of i
succulence It l : i . which ls wider than that of 1-5 4
solved and the
' r event took place when, as a youth, he
"I mended them, but I was so mad P a ^m3 bearing masses of straw-colored should be fed after milking where recommended by the German investl-
the mnterlal Is all wotff there will be
'
. , . __.
nothing left
went around the world with hit broth that I left the house and told them fl°wers, and later on ruddy berries,
fears are entertained that It will give sators' 0811 be U3ed successfully The
A mixture o f rotton and wool when er In the Bacchante.
A bluejacket that I would never return until they
b*°°m
many eucalypts, the an unpleasant flavor to the milk. Si- teacbinS 8 of many carefully planned
w et wrinkles more than pure wool
fell overboard sod King George went apologized.”
j honey-scented, silky oak that parrots
lage ls rich in carbohydrates and low ! aDd condud ed experiments and the
Tests for Cotton or Linen.— T h " in after him and held him up until as
j — - - be supplemented evperience of dairy farmers
Schroeder came to Kansas City and ^ vel in> and tbe gr* en and orange of -----------
itr protein and - should
old test o f moistening the Anger and «(stance arrived.
was arrested for fighting. An account th* bean tree can b* *ccn from the by clover hay or some similar
have paid special attention to the
rutting it udder the cloth Is nut
In th, -boo,,,» period of cycling, his of his arrest was read by his daugh , steamer's deck, for the course Is nerv- lnong hay ag cIoTer
question of the relative economy of
always a aure one as the moisture majesty was often sees a-wheel; while ter. Mrs. Lizzie Austin of Gage, O klaJ ously near^ the rocky ledges.
Ap- volch hay in order to provide suffl
he different kinds of feeds under
will not eoiue through heavy linen
. .
or one with starch In It. and It will
of course, he has constantly who wrote, offering to apologize and preaching Haycock Island the tourist clent protein. Where silase i>
b® r Part‘Çu'ar conditions indicate
a ticket if he notices how one steep peak seems t o ' available tt ls advisable to srnw ™
come through sheer, tightly twist, m I P'ay®d a" d continues to follow with sending her father
that a medium wide nutritive ratio ls
cotton.
A better test la to put n the Interest of a keen observer.
would come to her.
Schroeder went rbanF® l,s position and aspect as the crops as mangels turnips and mi
in general to be preferred under con
drop o f olive oil on the cloth and!
-----------------------
to police headquarters, read the ve88el Slid * 3 ‘ brouKb water that re- bagas and use them as part ot th
ditions of dairying In the northwest.
press between blotting paper.
The
daughter's letter and decided to go flefts ®Tery b®‘* bt and r®Pa'nts every ration.
These roots can be vrew
Is This a H lntf
linen become more transparent than
Medium Protein Rations Best
back.
Schroeder
Is seventy-three mounta,n tint.
Creeks, almost ob- cheaply and can be substituted tnr "
“W hy do you smoke cigarettes?"
the cotton.
years of age. His wife died several 8cured by mangroves, wind among the part of the grain in the dalrv
This
investigation mentioned above
Linen Is cooler to the touch than
“ Why not? Robert Louie Stevenson years ago.
b>H 8 tor miles.
—
■— being
■
3 cow on showed conclusively that the medium
ration,
especially relished
cotton.
smoked them.”
_____
...
account of their succulence.
Even Pr° tel“ J|atlons were more economical
The breaking test Is rather satis
Yee—but be went and lived o . the
FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW .
with silage they furnish variety and î f i Pn
reSulU tbai> the
factory
Linen threads are much island of Samoa while he did."
Lawsuit Over Bones.
----------------
------
are
valuable. Alfalfa
Is verv nalof. high protein rations. On the average
Valparaiso,
Ind.— When William
The fugitive slave bill was p u «e d ble and valuable
7 pa ta
Beet Beeke Up Cfcureh Bewtena
Blistering Once Universal.
Hubbard was digging a dltch through
« G T S Z iu
r T ” 1 S vor W
af 8 • medium
J S ? ,n the
net Pr°
"t
favor o
of
protein
rations
A unique occurrence broke up t£e
Blistering formerly was an almost the farm of Mre. Zada Cooper, he imposed a fine o f one thousand dollars excellent food both for m
is'*
amounting to nearly ig per cent
service In the German Lutheran universal treatment for Internal con-
significance of this result lies in th»
church at Chicago the oth«c Sunday gestion to drnw the diseased Auld to appropriated them, saying the state p *rson harboring runaway slaves or
m>g. tlon for cattle consists of corn silage
A swarm of honey bees Invaded th«
surface. It acted as a couater-lrrl- ditch law, allowed him to do so. Mrs aldlng thelr e8cap0 from
and alfalfa.
8
were composed largely of farm grown
building and drove out the pastor and tant. tt was also used for sciatica, Cooper has brought action against t0„
,t was the passage of this bill
feeds supplemented by mill feeds and
System of Winter Feeding.
congregation, and services had to be mistering la still used to a consldera- him for »1.500. which she says Is th* that „ „
H,e to tbe more radical
During the winter the dairy herd fmall amount, of the more expensive
held on the lawn In front of th« ble extent, but a milder application ts value o f the bones.
phase o f abolitionism, with Its ~Un-
church.
more frequently employed.
! d*. ThU ‘ » r e . t 1 g.tion
derground Railway" for the escape of ' ‘ u ^ rJ ^ l'v’ ^ ' ^ r i f ol*e* e ° f Agricul- i«.a,ig t0 the f! conclusion'
Supreme Cant.
Indian Attacks Brother.
fugitive slaves. The M..‘ led to the
da“rr
o th e tT T ' i
Men's Period of Foolishness.
O f all the cante which are canted
Of ait literary compositions the love
Chicago. Joe Mexicans, a Sioux In [J ^ ° U8
s «?** ca8*“- * hl' b- wltb capacity of the animala $ to »'pounds Z 7 ,ltuated w111 <lo well to feed
» this canting world, though the cant tetters o f men contain tbe maximum dlnn. got mad because a red brother lb* *uPrfm e cou^ t d®cl8,on
___
f,TOr
mixed
hay. and as many oou^d. d # ,helr row* rations of m edium protein
.w.«-. have a drink ___
P°«nds
™ ^ PTO
• f hypocrites may be the worst, the 0f twaddle and the minimum of sense.' —
woeWnT
nor _______
speak _ a the
th* bill,
b,u- created
created rreat
great excitement
excitement ___many
g r a in 'da 7 ,'y
“ “ tT of 0 content. « k t „ k _________________________
I *o n ta «n which * a ■nornnl“
^ t«'n
»
tant o f criticism^ is the most torment- t h e only exrianatlim Is that every word to him. Police rescued plecee of lh ™ ')*b<>ut th* nortbern baU of the pounds of butter fat per week
The 1 h^ * i l^ tlTely wt<le nutriUve ratios;
country
InC.—l^ureuce Sterne-
auin In love tries to income a poet
th. wooden Indian.
SC R A P
BOOK
H ow to
Improve
Them
Feeding for M ilk
1
___________________ _______ J
FASHION HINTS
^ star-
rd,um p^ir^s