T if
"HEW TO TIIK LINK, LKT THK CHIPS. tkLL WHEItE THEY JJAT.'
VOL. Ill
EUGENE, LANE COUNTY OKE. WEDNESDAY, APRIL 26, 1899.
NO. 50.
Philosophy and Physics of Money.
(CoKTINt'Kp.)
Value In the ower of thing to
exchange. - Fur instance, if one
buahel o( wheat will exchange for
two btixlit-U of corn, then the value
of wheal is double tlmt of iiorn.
If, at lli ame time, two huihels of j
wheat will txchaiigo for one xliri'ii, i
.. ....... . .. ,..
lilUil inn value 01 outi nnucp m
douhld that of wheat, and four
time thut o' corn. Miould we
take, the ftheep ai the standard of
Cotupailaon, tho.y.alun of mm huxlicl
of wheat will beN half that of the
sheep, and the value of one hualtwl
uf corn will lo one fourth that of
thoalnwp. It
i immaterial which j
U in ado the standard. All
value'"
ia comparative. Thu relative
worth of thin to man determines
their value.
Relative value, exiU in the
nature, of thing. Man can only
exprrsa thin fact. To express
value we uso the two common
terma, dollar and mil.
If we exprraa the value of one
liuahel of corn aa one dollar, that
of a buahcl of wheat will he ex
preaacd a two dollars, ami that
of the sheep aa four dollar; or if
we eiproh the value of one ihw p
aa one dollar, . then that of the
wheat will be espreaand aa one-half
dollar, or fifty rent, and that of
the corn aa one-ouarter of a dot-
lar, or twenty-live ccnU.
When we ay live dollar, or five
cent, we are merely uing denom
inate ijUinnera a when - w - aay
five mile or live pound
The value of thing exjrced
in dollar and cent we cnll the
lrice. The price indicate the
m.-ti.t . .,r ..ti.f.Mtf ii..-.. will tutvithat are
i - ..... t j
article.
KXl'IIAXok: k.MIHKI Y rAHMVE,
jjf, exchange This
predion Implies - an
that does not exist.
Tbinga do not exchange; they are
exchanged. The power that cx
' change them ia man.
Using similar language, we say:
Value is the jtowcr of thing to
exchange. Here, again, our word
imply an active owcr whe-e it
does not exiat. Closely analyiod
value hua-.ita foiiiidalion in tho
eat i male man plncea umhi thing.
He will exchango one bushel of
wheat for two buiheU of corn,
because, aa a conception or julg-jv
meat, the transaction aatinue him.
If value were an active power in
thing it would be measurable,
aa all force is measurable. Hut ii
value is to be measured it must
be measured in the brain of man.
Value then rests in r.icUphyaics;
and money which rejrecnts value
represents a metaphysical fact.
Whether we sjeak of exchanges or
of money it is nevesarily in re
lation to man. Tho study of
money is, in reality, the study of
the use of money.
If man did not exist there would
be no exchanges, and if man did
not exchange thtro would be no
money.
We cannot investigate x money
a an abstract science, as we would
investigate fact that exist inde
pendently of man.
Money is a question in sociology,
and the whole subject, practically
inseparable, is "Man, Trade and
Money."
Jly bearing these facts in mind
the student will avoid possible
confusion caused by our forms of
speech, which are often figurative,
expressing what seems to be rather
than what is.
MONKY AND ' VAl.t K CONJXK'NPK.n.
Our money is composed of
pieces. As tho piece take tho
name of the value it represents,
it follows thst tho pieco and the
value are easily confounded.
For nstancr, we express the
aluo of wheat as ono dollar.
Now we represent one dollar by
piece of money, and wo cnll the
piece one dollar. This jioeo is not
value. The value of what is nut
tangible thing. Money must be
a substance, because it must lie
handled. We mako money. All
money is flat money; that is,"t!Tl
ioKev exists by authority of law.
Value cxi iiutuially. If mom v
lor the
were value it ootild not I seperate J
from the thing, or the thing
would he without value.
Money rrpreacnta value, hut
valuo remain with the thiiiK
Uught or old.
HOXKV
Wa "leak "f fractional money;
thin In not correct, for our money
ia not diviihlu. The cent jiiecu
ia not thu hundredth part of a
dollar. It represent r rl'lt
which ia one hundredth compared
with thu value which tho dollur
rej.rcwi.ta. itoe or money
u,r'vo, ifoni arioincr. r.very
ii-ci in iiiikiiufacturud ftttparatrly.
It i evident that hhuuld we divide
a mjia Uuiiar tho pacta would
he gold. Should wo divide a aiKer
dollar into one hundred cqualparti
they would not bo copjer cents.
Iividing p cr money would not
jirodnce metal money. Tho re
lation of money jiiecc is one of
rutin and not tho relation of a jiart
to the whole.
Tint", if a merchant givca an
'order for one dollar's worth of
I Rood, and also an order for fivo
' dollar' worth of goods, it ia clear
j that the first order ia not tho fifth
part of the second. As a matter
of ratio it ia one-nth. The two
orders are of ' the same nature;
they have common properties.
Likewise -ury- j.ivco-uf money ia
indcH-ndont of every other piece
Their common projterty is that
they all represent value. Wo
could not add gold, silver, copper
and juper. . Wo must add things
alike. We could not add
a ut.x t cheese and a kit or
uiiicicrcLbuLwc can
MlheirJ
lulk, or weight, or some other
common property, so when we say
nr.e Rold dollar, one silver dollar,
and one japer dollar ' aro three
dollars, this is eyidently not the
sum of the pieces, but the f, sum
ot the values they rejresrnt.
Now, if the money theory were
true it is equally clear that one
gold dollar and one silver dollar
are not two dollars, for they are
not the sauto thuig, and they do
not jossess tho same value.
It is often asserted with a very
wise look that every dollar roust
le worth one hundred cents in the
Iollar. If the cent refers to our
copper cent then our silver dollar
is" too large, for it is worth more
than a hundred copper cent, and
the gold dollar is still farther out
of roMrtion, liccause it is worth
more than the silver dollar.
Our apcr dollar are all right,
because there is some tujiernatu.a!
owcr in the idle bullion in the
treasury that gives them activity
and life beyond the comprehension
of ordinary mortals.
. Tho hundred cents in the dollar
and tho generating or creative
power of idle v Jiullion must be
left to tho wisdom of'thoeo
know how to lxk wise.
who!
Tito Re public of S wluerlAud
The individual enters into social
life in Switzerland with the con
stitutional guarantee that he shall
bo independent in all things ex
cepting whercin ho has inextricable
common interests with his fellows.
Knch neighlrhood aims, as far
as jiossihle, to govern itself, so sub
dividing it functions that even in
theso no interference with the in
dividual shall occur that may be
avoided. Adjoining neighborhood
next f irm a district and as suchi
control certain common interests.
Then a greater group, of several
districts, unite in the canton.
Finally lakes place the federation
of all the cantons. At each of
these necessary steps in organ! xing
society, the avowed intention of
the masses concerned is that tho
primary rights of the individual
shall I preserved. Says the
'Westminister Review": "The es
sential characteristic of the federal
government is that each of the
states which coiiibino to form a
union retains in its own hands, in
itn individual ciijmcitr, the man
agement of its own affair, while
iiuthori'v over mutter couinioi; to
all is exercised by tho states in
their collective and corjiorate ca
pacity." Ai.d what is thus true of
Confederation with respect to the
indejiendence of the canton is
equally true of canton with resjiect
to the commune, and of tho com
mune with respect to lho individ
ual. No departure from home
rule, no privileged individuals or
corporations, no special legislation,
no courts with powers above tho
jieoplu'a will, no legul discrimina
tions whatever such their aim,
and in general their successful aim,
the riwiss lead all other nations ii.
leaving to the individual hit
original sovereignty. Wherever
this is not the fact, wherever
purpose fails fulfillment, the cause
lies in long-standing complications
which as yet have not yielded to
the newer democratic methods.
On the siJe of official organixation,
ouu historical abuse after another
has been atta:ked, resulting in the
simple, smooth-running, neceary
local and national stewardships
described. On the side of economic
social organixation, a concomitant
of thu jHiIitical system, the progress
in Switzerland has been remark-
uitic. as is w w seen in me
following chapter, in the manage'
ment of natural monopolies, the
democratic Swiss, leyond any ,
other jwople, have attained justice,
and consequently have distributed
much of their increasing wealth
with anlpproachoqTlyWhk
in the system of communal lands
I practiced in the Landsgcmeinde
cantons is found an example to
land reformers throughout tho
world.
Blachley News,
The famous Iake Creek Valley,
situated about half way between
Kugene and Head of Tide, via the
TrianguUr Lako which is one of
the tuoet beautiful lakes in tit
state, covering about 1500 acres
and about HO feet deep, and is calm
and altounds in fish of many varie
ties, affording many inducements
for pleasure hunters in the heated
summer; and our mountain scenery
is grand to behold. The mountains
are filled with game of all kinds,
with the jmrest of water emjitying
into Lake creek proper: and our
valley is ono of the richest valleys
in the state. Our soil cannot be
beaten anywhere this side of Tex
as. Vejroduoo fruits of endless
varieties; berries of all kinds; po
tatoes, corn, oaU, wh?at, barley
and in fact every variety of veget
ables mentioned in the vegetable
catalogue; and timber of all kinds
for milling purjyosos. Sawmills
could run for a hundred years and
have plenty timber left.lt would bo
a safo investment for men of means
to put up a sawmill butj we do not
want them to form a trust and put
up the prices on us.
Our valley is more extensive
than one would imagine. It is
about 10 miles long and averages
a Unit three miles wide, and is
thickly settled. We have 40 voter
living in this valley and they are a
most determined set - of good
natured fellows as you would want
to see.
Mr. Editor (by tho way) come
out some time when you are not
bhsy and sea what wo have out
here any way. You would be roy
ally entertained by our citizens.
We aro all busy now plowing,
seeding, fencing and beautifying
our homes, there being a general
spirit of improving all along the
line.
We expect to have many homo
seekers and pleasure-seeker as
well as health seekers out here
this summer all of which finds
comfort and joy among us. There
is one of the best mineral springs
on tho famous Prugg ranch, near
the lake, that is known in the
slate. It has lccn pronounced by
some of the test doctors in the
state to bo most beneficial to ninny
disease known to man. In fact
everything that heart could wih
is found in tho Lake creek Valley.
There was a largo crowd visited
the lake Sunday last. Some were
limning, somo were fishing, some
went iporting, wjiilo some were
courting. Albert Haberlaud was
the boss ffehcr, Waller Jov the
boss liuntciC.
Brown -the boss
sjort, and an
WH.ll a wilt 111
later on the bos
. "W " - - . .
oourtsr.
Walter Ulachley, son of our
folluwcitizen, William Blachley,
met with quite an accident last
week while hcl(iig to run it grub
ber; the leaver getting loose from
one of the men and flew back and
struck him on the lee, inflicting
quite a wound which was very
painful all loot week. Careful
nursing by his mother, however, is
bringing him oot all right.
t
Our school jrjied Monday,
April 10 under the ctflpjul training
of Miss Ora Read aa teacher. Mis
Head taught a very successful term
for us last fall.
Isiah Slater and two d (lighters
made Junction (Jity a pleasant
visit last week.
II Swortx was doing b'lsui. in
Junction City Monday and Tues
day of last week.
Mrs A ' HaberlanJ mvle Junc
tion city a visit last week.
Items are plenty but I am too
busy to hunt them up, but will try
to do better latter on. In conclu
sion I will say there is no govern
ment land in this part of the
l country that U worth having but
whllt j ui,en up. j,ut tllere j, fome
goo,l ialj m t,e very neart 0f our
very
valley that can be - bought cheap
and on reasonable terms; but your
correspondent rants it understood
that hii baautiful . little lakeview
ranch is not for sale. -
Messrs Kl leridjra awd Swortx
both lost a fiorollch oow each
l ist week, the 'former from some
poison, the latter from some un
known cause. 1 T.
Gold Standard.
Tnu li Trt- Time.
"How AMrr i'jodrcd times has
it been .point
efferson's
own WTidirr
standard be I
x ratio bettrt
double
ba'sed on
silver and gold
determined, byl
value in the
markets of woe
that bimetalism
ciat nations, and
'of this sort is
always and evfywhero
a gold-
standard system T
Thomas Jefferson was born in
1743 and died in 1S26. In the
year of his birth the commercial
ratio of silver to gold was 14.85
and in the year of his death the
ratio was -15.76. The lowest ratio
in hi lifetime that is, the highest
value of silver was in 1751, when
14.39 ounce of ilver were worth
as much a I ounce of gold; and
tho highest ratio, 18.25, was -in
1812. This is a com parti vcly
narrowrango of fluctuation. Since
1873 we have seen the ratio iise
from 1".2 to 35 40 that is.he
price of silver fell from $1.29 an
ouuee to about 60 ceuU."
Yes, it has been pointed out
by bimetallism that the commercial
value of silver and gold when
each metal .was freely coined a
verry narrow iaso of fluctuation,
had occurred for one hundred
years. , And bimetallists contend
that the reason why silver is not
worth 11.29 today is because it is
not admitted to the mints cn
equal terms with" gold as it was
previous to 1S78. On tho day
bvfore the act of demontixation
by congress silver bore a premium
of 4 cents which 'made an ounce
of silver then worth $1.33. Docs
any rational man not know that
the ratio between tho ' metals
wouhl today 1ms about as it was in
1S73 but for the act demontixing
silver?
Giant Powder Explosion.
Roseburg, April 18. While a
stream shovel was being operated
on the railroad sidir.g near Myrtle
Creek this afternoon some giant
Iowder became ignited by a spark
from an engine and exploded.
Teter Anderson, of Portland, sus
tained a comjound fracture of the
left leg, abovo the ankle and sever-
al cats in tbe leg and foot,
Thomas rinley, of Myrtle Crek,
received injuries to the eyes. The
men were brought lu re by the
train, and tho fractures reduced.
They will be scut to Portland
U-nifht.
6eir
Important Movement.
"Virginia promise to take the
lead in an important movement.
The coming democratic convention
for (the determination of the ques
tion of nominating United Statek
senators in that state by primary
s thought to be the beginning of
movement to have senater
elected by the people. The con
vention, which is to meet at Rich
mond on the 11th of May, will not
only declare in favor of the nomi
nation of ben a tors by the jieoj.Ie,
but will adopt resolutions demand
ing that tue two senator from
Virginia shall commit themselves
in favor of the adoption by the
senate of an amendment to the
constitution allowing the people to
elect the senators by popular vote.
The democratic leader who are
behind the movement in Virginia
are perfecting the most thorough
organization to the end that this
fight shall be successful. The
newspapers of the state are almost
unanimous in giving their approval
to the plan of electing and nom
inating senators by the jeople.
The fight in Virginia is directed
against Senator Martin,' and the
present proceeding is merely an
incident of that movement, but its
effects, evidently, may be far-
reaching."
One by one measure, of the de-fj
mands of the populist party is
taken up by -one or another of the
old parties, and incorporated into
their platforms, as in the promised
action of the Virginia democrats'
indicated in the above, taken from
the Oregonian. Thus it is Been
that although the populist party
is said to be dead, the result of its
good work wilt live and be a last
ing mark of the wisdom and justice
of iU demands.
Suing the C. 1. Co.
"L II McMahan, the well-knowu
newspaper roan, of Salem, has
sued the Canadian Pacific railroad
company for $552.35 on account of
advertising between Nov 7, 1S99
and April 16, 1894. As the con
tract with the Canadian Pari fie
and other railroads specifically
calls for payment in transportation
the case will be an interesting one,
an important test, for if the
plaintiff is able to recover the rail
roads will have their hands full of
suits. - The chances - are - entirely
against the plaintiff. Albany
Democrat,"
"If Mr McMahan' experience
with the, Canadian Pacific people
is similar to ours, he certainly will
recover from the company. We
advertised for that company sev
eral years but were unable to se
cure either money or transporta
tion. That road cannot get a line
in this paper unless the cash is put
up in advance. Junction Jimei
The Times experience with the
Canadian Pacific is about like our
experience with the Northern Pa
cific. We carried an ad for that
concern for months under a con
tract to take the bill out in trans
portation but when we applied for
our pay the agent here informed
us very gravely that we had not
applied for our pav in due time.
This all took place at a revival
meeting. The minister noticed a
seedy looking chap in ono of the
seats, looking as though he needed
religion or a good square meal. So
ho stepped up to him and asked
him if ho was a Christian. "No,
sir," 6ald he; "I am the editor of
a republican expansion ' paper in
this place." "Then in the name of
God let u rray," replied the
minister.
The grand jury is making an
investigation of the money ajipro-
priaied to the support of paujier
Clackamas county has no poor
farm, and the paupers are farmed
out promiscuously among their
neighbor, many of them only re
ceiving jiartial support from the
county. It costs about $200 per
month to supjiort the paupers, ex-
ciUBive ot medical attendance
Reports to the Bee - from over
Nebraska indicate thrt the damage
to the witter wheat and rye has
btcn gieatly cxn pgr rated.
Could ot Accept the Ministry.
William P Lord ha been ap
pointed minister to Pertia say the
Oregonian, but the Capital Journal
ha this to say regarding tho
matter:
"Ex-Governor Lord wa shown
the above by Asaociated Press to
The Journal and said it wa an
error tliatAhe appointment he un
derstood was offered him to be
minister to Peru, with a salary of
$10,0X) a year, which he would
probably accept. Governor Lord
say he could not accept the min
istry to Persia, as court duties that
would ' TiStVtar be maintained
would more than consume all the
talary at $5000 a yeax."
" j .
" Want to Come Home.
i
Manila, April 18. Over 4000
American volunteer have pe
titioned the government to allow
them to be mustered out on the
island of Luzon, with travel pay
to their homes, in return for. which
the 'promise to form local militia
organizations.
Oregonian: The Footpads' and
Burglars' Union gave a banquet a
few evenings ago in honor of the
anniversary ot tue death, ol the
late William Sykes. The room
was tastefully - decorated with
pistols and masks, and was lighted
pmh the soft, lurid glow of dark
lanterns: In each chair a sandbag
served the purpose of a cushion,
while handsome nickel-plated "jim
mies,' the favors, lay at each plate.
Members of the union recounted
reminiscences of various peniten
tiaries and thrilling professional
experiences. Ked Muldoon deliv
ered a masterly address on "The
Democratic Party and Police Pro
tection." "which was warmly ap
plauded. Before the party broke
up the member pledged themselves
in a rising vote to support ex
Governor Pennoyer for the office of
mayor In 1900.
Capitol Journal: If that financial
wizard Mark Hanna could raise
millions of the McKinley oampaign
fond in 1896, and have a half
million left, why can't he raise
few millions to pacify the Fili
pinos? It would be cheaper than
to sacrifice an army of 100,000
Americans, any one of whom is
worth more than a thousand
Malays.
Coming Home' to Die.
A letter received from Charlie
Wilkinson, who is now at Eliza
beth, Colorado, indicates that he
ha given up all hopes of recovery
from that dread disease con
sumption which he has been vainly
battling agaiust for several yean
He has expressed a desire to come
home and spend his remaining
days here, and bis friends have
taken the matter in hand of raining
funds with which to defray all
necessary expenses.
From Crook County.
.Mitchell. Or. Apr. 15, 1S99.
Editor Broad-Axe:
I received tie first copy of your
paper by last mail and it still hews
to the line in about the right
fashion.
Everything looks nice. The hills
have taken on their summer
clothing of green. The weather is
fine and the roads dry and dusty
The loss iu sheep i about 25
percent.
Mutton buyers are offering $2
per head for yearling weathers-
Dealer in The Dalles are offering
ix cents per pound on wool, aud
there i about 400,000 pound of
wool on hand of last year's clip.
It 'take about three cent per
pound for storage and interest per
annum, and thej producer will nave
three cents jer jmuik1 left to pay
these expenses, but most of the
sheepmen voted for the party that
tolerated the great trusts. Will
some sheepman step to the front
and explain why wool is so low
under the highest tariff the United
States ever saw.
There is scarlet fever, mumps
and measles in Mitchell.
Everybody here is busy with
htep. CoutxiL.
OREGON VOLUNTEERS.
Want the Lain a County Boys
to Return Homo.
Last Tueaday evening the old
court room was well filled with
ladies and gentlemen in pursuance
of the following notice:
"There will be a mas meeting of
the citizens of Eugene and vicinity
at the courthouse on Tuesday even
ing, April 18th tf discus measure
to bring about an early return of
Oregon volunteers from Manila."
Many I.nthieted Citizen
t
On motion Mayor Harris was
elected chairman of the meeting
and A C Woodcock, secretary. I)r
Harris announced the purpose of
the meeting and thanked the au
dience for electing him chairman.
A C Woodcock, by request
introduced some resolutions.
The same wa discussed by Dr
Kuykendall, prof Condon. A C
Woodcock,' Geo N Frazer, Rev R
C Brooks and Rev M L iW.
After amendment they 'were
passed, as follow and unani
mously adopted:
Whereas, "The parent of
many of the volunteer at Manila
from this county are anxious to
have their boys come hoane, for
the reason that many of UW boy
are minora and ought ae finish
their education ; and,
Whereas, They have completed
the work for which they volun
teered, and. . , .
"Whereas, The President lias
promised to muster out the vol
unteers aa soon as possible; it is
therefore
"Resolved, By the citizens jof
Lane county in convention as
sembled, that the Governor convey
to the proper authorities that ii ia
the desire of said citizens that said
boys be allowed to return home a
early as possible. It is further
"Resolved, By iaid citizens that
they do not criticise the United
States Government in the manage
ment of the war, bat believe that
everything has been, and is being
done to promote the honor, dignity
and welfare of the American people
and all of the people with, which
our government, on account of the
war, has had to deal."
A motion wa mad and carried
that a committee of three, consist
ing of parents of sons now at
Manila, be appointed bv the chair
to present these resolutions to Gov
ernor Geer if he arrived in Eugene.
If not, the committee was to con
vey them to Salem and join dele
gates from other portions of the
state at that place, in presenting
resolutions to the Governor.
Mayor Harris appointed as said
committee: Postmaster McCornack,
J M Williams and Mr G N Frazer.
It will be observed that Mayor
Harris appointed J M Williams on
I riA AAmmilioA ri ar i t nr. I X frrttP
crnor. Mr Williams has no soli
among the volunteers in Manila
that anyone knows of, and why
the mayor ignored the provisions
of the resolution to appoint par
ents on the committee is inex
plicable.
Tom Kccd Oat. -
New York, April 19. It is an
nounced thatf' Speaker Reed has
offered to become a member of tlx
law firm of Simpson, Thatcher (i
Barnum of this city. It is under
stood that Reed will resign bis
scat in congress and remove t
New York. The statement is made
that Reed is guaranteed a yearly
income of $50,00d. Before svttlini;
here Reed will make a jtrotractcd
stay in Europe. I
Last Ballot
Harritburg, April 19. The last
baMot to be taken for United State
senator at tlx present session f
the legislature was taken today
and resulted: Quay, 93: Jeuka,
Jone, $9; not voting t- neceaau ry
to a choice 124
Governor Geer has appo4:il 4
N. L. Butler ol Monmouth a mem
ber of the loard of regent f tit
university of Oregon, for t-rm
12 year to succeed D. P. Thowiou
whose term expired.