nutf Mauura t if ir
BROHD-MXE
9SeSe040
r TiiiroirLrouik,
E THE pROAD-AXE,
t tim tm tb QmU rf I.Uk.
THE BROAD-AXE,
. Hw to thm Lis- Bry TIm.
'HEW TO TUB LINK, LET TUB CUim KALL WHEUE THEY MAT.'
VOL. Ill
EUGKNK, LANE COUNTY, O "HE. WEDNESDAY, 'APRIL J2, 1899.
NO. 48.
PAY8 THE PENALTY.
, . .
Claud Dranton will Hang ' Friday
. 1.- ..iL A I
mi 1414 u.j vi tmmjt
Last Monday Judgo Hamilton
rcaei itemed Itraiitnn l Imi hanged
Friday the I'.th day of May.
When it was known that sen
tenc would l pronounced at 1
o'clock tlie'courthoiise nt thtt Iiour
wan every inch occupied by mh1
to gi t what in probably the last
glinitiiK) they will ever obtain of i
what is consider! d una of the worn I
criiniuaU known in the whole
range of rrinyiiality in Ilia world's
history. For col l blooded, heart
less cruelty, llraiiton'it crime fti
on a parallel with tlie murders
com in i Iti-J ly tin) Renders, or llio
committed iy Then Durrani.
Tho Ik'ii dera .took tho liven of
their inoffensive, unsuspecting vie
t i nt h (or money .
Claudn II ran ton killed hi friend
I. inn whilo lying asleep, and
burned his LikIv all for money.
Tno conduct ul Durrani in killing
tho girls was. .no moru hruul and
flclidii.li III u n that u Ilrilliton.
When the jiriMim r tiled into the
rourthoUMt chained to the guard,
Mr. John Holland, L'laudn rx liilc
itcd thn na mo cool, stolid nerve
which he has maintained Ifom lhe'!"Vr ,I"',"ry-PrL your soul."
H'ginnitig. Wore thn aamn inrx
1 ! i Lftblau jiii.-cl i ii 1 1 i.; a 1 an.iW jwuliartPivcu tca-daya iu-whicb to Cla
al.
to lill
It had ler n elated that Rraiito'u
liad professed religion, and ia now
reconciled to bin fate.
We Bupw-e ilia hardly neocs
sary to rtatn that Itranton Y'cxrcu- J the corioralioi oi only ia thia
lion will take place in the jail!'" control of public coiiccnm, but
yard in Kmfene, within a stockade ehajxj of vant corporate
nted for thv urMe, mj as to.wmbinationa ami tiUxls it ia nio-
prveut bring witnersed by the
pii Mic, the law rnjuiring that not
more than twelve men. aome doc-
r ana prrnapa a lew newiipaper
rrprrMiitativee shall be preaenl.
That lUITalo ConfprfdCf.
In another place in thia iraue will
I acn notice of a o'itie4il con
ierence that is to take place at
ItufTilo, New I'ork from June 2Sth
to July 4lh of the pnstnt year.
Thia promine to 1 one of the
iiKwt itiiMrtant xilitical gather
inga ever held in this country.
Whiie the confi-reuco is to lie po
litical, it ia to be non-partiran in
character,- rompowMl of prominent
men of all panic, and educational
and atrial itiMitiilionaof the union.
We are not aufTicieHtly advised as
to tho main objecta of the protosrd
meeting, but we venture the in
tention ia to make tae principle of
direct Irgirlation and other kind
red nubjecU the basis -of ita plat
form. The movement has our
earnest sympathy, aa some such
inoveinent wems necetisary, in
order In meet the united action ol
the millions who favor a system of
government, controlled by the
cople and for the people.
The Sentence of Ilmnton.
Following is Judgo Hamilton'
remarks in passing sentence upon
CUndu Itranton:
rotate of Oregon vs Claude Bran
ton. Now at this time comes on
thn above cauae to be heard and
proceeded w ith in compliance with
the mandato of the suprvme court
of the state of Oregon, filed and
entered in the journal of this court
in said causo, and it duly appear
ing to this court that the said de
fendant Claudo Itranton was on
tho 4tU day of November, 1898,
duly convicted of the crime of
murder in the first degree in this,
that on tho 15th day of June 1898,
the snid Claudo Itranton did pur
posuly and of his dcliborato and
premeditated malice kill John A.
Linn, and on the 8th day of No
vemlier, IS'.W, judgment of this
court was duly pronounced in said
causa by thia court that the said
Claudo Itranton ba hanged by the
neck until dead, and it fur the: ap
jicuring from tho mandate of said
supreme court of the state of Ore
gon so filed and entered in this
raiiso that said judgment is in all
thing alllrmed by the said su
preme court of the state of Oregon;
nnd now the said defendant, Claud
Itranton, Wing present in court,
and nl.-o hi.- counsel, V. l Hide,
and lining asked if had anything to
say why sentence should not b
pronounced Umiii him, answered:
"That ha had nothing to any
only that he hitd never' attempted
to jump nut of the window."
The Court: It ia therefore or
dercd adjudged and decreed that he
tho said Claude Itranton la guilty
of unirdrr in the first degree in thit
that on tho 1 5th day of June, 18'JH,
in Iine county, utato of Oregon, he
did iurMMi-ly and of hi deliberate
and premeditated ma lieu kill John
A. Linn, and that ho the said
(Maude Itranton be kept in clone
confinement until Friday, the 12fli
day of May, l.TJ'J, and Uxn said
day, between the hour of 10 a. in.
and 2 p. in.,, thereof, lie, the saidlpreesion against labor, giving
Claude liramon, Isa taken to 'a
place to be prepared within" the
iui lonure . of the jaif where he is
confined in the presence of 12 bona
fide electors of I.ane county, Or
gon, to Ihj selected by the sheriff" of
Lane county, and there on a.iid
date, to-wit Friday the 12th, 189,
between the hour of 10 a. ni. and
2 p. in. of said day, he the said
Cluudo RranUin, Iks hanged by the
neck until dead, and the state of
Oregon recover from defendant its
costs herein. And the court added
iiv the sentence, "And may (iod
Judge Halo asked for and wax
bill of exception,
The Fruit of I'rr-Jlrge.
The great employe of lalxir.
noMilixing the field of privato in
duiitry, driving by its monstrous
power all individual competition
into the ranks of wagv-lalior-Machincry
then supplant labor,
and thia no longer becomes the
essential fictor in production of
which economists boast. The com
otition between labor U-comes
intense and the wages aid to
it even when employed are the
most meager. Thus labor-saving
machinery comes tu mean to labor
nothing clae but the reduction or
deprivation of its means of liveli
hood, while the corporation profits
ty mechanical ' progress at the ex
pense and to the oppre avion of
labor."
Is it, then, to lie wondered at
that the coriioration ii becoming
to labor an object of increasing
dread? Labor feel that it. dues
not get its rhare, that when with
the aid of machinery it can. ac
complish ao much, and when
capital reaps therefrom enormous
fortunes, the niggard wages meted
out to it are, at best, an un
just return, it foels that the con
dition of things which, instead of
giving to It any share ' in the
world's, mechanical progress, con
verts this into the means 'of its
oppression j and deprivation, is
unjust to the last degree and no
longer to be tolerated. This feeling
rises into nienanco in strikes and
labor combinations; it produces
sullen revolt against existing in
stitutions, and is the parent of
socialism and nihilism, demand
ing their destruction. The fact is
that labor docs not get its share;
and why shouldjtT Between these
vast corporations, whether in con
trol of public or private enterprise,
there is practically no such thing
as competition, for thi employment
of labor, whilo the competition
between labor for employment
crowded out as it is by machinery
-is fierce enough, and it is only
too glad to accept work upon
any terms. lint chanco have
the' employees of a railroad or
other ' gigantic corporation to dic
tate terms of wages to ita man
agement?1 They cannot spare the
time and have not the means to
change their residence in search
of work elsewhere, nor can they
abandon the trained occupation
of a lifetime; and even should
they do so, the conditions else
where and in other occupations
are tho same. They must, however
have employment, and have there
fore no recourse but to aoccpt
the wages offered. The utter help
lencs of l.ibor, by ordinary incan
to get any reasonable terms from
these moiiHU'r employers, is awn
in its deerate attempts to force
them to belter terms by combin
ations and strikes, but its inabil
ity by even such methods to ol
tain justice ha become only too
notorious.
Labor ia right in its resentment
againM capital; it is right in its
dread of the corporation, liy
the fruitful instrumentality oly the
corporation, capital is becoming
more and more concentrated ad
powerful, and is not onj TTppro
prialing all the vast gains of
mechanical Invention and the
world's progress, but has con
verted theae .into mear.a of op-
it
less relatively than before, and is
inevitably depriving the toiling
masses of the right to labor and
to live.
Not only do these privileges
thus opprets and rob of its jut
reward labor in all its forms, but
in another sense, and as deeply,
they affect every member ofso-'
ciety as a consumer. The wages
or profiu of all productive labor
are determine"! by two conditions:
Firt, tho actual money wages or
returns received;- and, Secondly,
the coft of living. The obj9Ct of
the whulo utrugqle of - the mastics
iV for subsintencc,--for existence;
w hen the fa rnier. recci ves s-t jn any
cnU p-r bui-liel or per pound for
his pmductn, when the manufact
urer ao much for his goods, the
hiirtines man so many cents or
dollars profit upon his scale," or
when the laborer receives hi day's
wage, the paramount consideration
with each is how much of the
nuccssariea or comforts of lifu this
money will procure. .Now tliew
privileges, while they reduce the
actual money reward of productive
labor, atKo, in turn, inerca.e the
price of all article of use to con
minor, production alone is not
able lo iiear tneir burden. .Some
times tho burden is greater upon
production, .sometimes ujwn con
sumption; but the candle of living
is burnt at boll) ends.
) ' ' - - '
Social and Political Conference.
"The National Social and Polit
ical Conference" is to meet at
Kuftalo June 23 to July 4 for
"united and efficient action in im-important-directions."
Kltwecd
Pomeroy, of Newark, N. J., pre a
ident of the National Direct Legis
lation League, is secretary of the,
committee having the movement
in charge. Circular letters con
taining the prospectus of the move
ment have beeu sent broadcast
through the country. In Michigan
the governor himself has evidently
furnished a list of men for the
committee. Scores of politicians
have received invitations to attend
at Buffalo, and from the names
and character of those receiving
invitations it is evident that the
list has bf en selected with great
caro atid with an eye toward
energetic organisation.
The circular letter of announce
ment of the new movement is in
part as follows:
"A meeting will be held at
Buffalo, N. Y., from June 23 to
July 3, 1899, of progressive men
and women of various political and
social beliefs, . to consider the
present condition of American poli
tics and economics and what is the
next thing to do.
"We are in the midst of Im
portant changes in political issues
and parties and social and indus
trial conditions, and it is felt that
a frank and friendly interchange
of opinion on the part of thought
ful and serious men may lead to
united effort and efficient action in
important directions.
"This convention is purely a
meeting for conference, no rson
present to be bound by any resolu
tion he does not vote for."
The committee fathering this
circular letter is as follows: &
Hon Haten S Pingree, governor
of Michigan; Geo I) Herron, pro
fessor of applied Christianity at
Iowa College, (Irinnell. Iowa; Hon
William V Allen, United States
Senator; Col Frank Purlin, editor
the People's Messenger, Oklahoma,
Miss; Richard T Lly, professor
University of.
WiHcoiisin; W 8 Morgan, editor
Bute Haw, Hardy, Ark; Henry D
Lloyd", author "Wealth vs Com
monwealth," WinneUkenjjJIon
Hichard KjMtigrey; United States
Senator; Kug?TrtV Debs, Terra
Haute, Ind; Hon Josiah Quincy,
mayor, Boston, Mom, John U
Woolly, Chicago; Hon James O
Magulre, San FrancUco; Rev Ly
man Abbott, I) D, editor the Out-J
look, New York; Hon Marion
Butler, United States Senator;
Samuel Gomiers, president Amer
ican Federation of Labor; Prof
Graham Taylor, the Commons,
Chicago; Milton Park, editor South
ern Mercury, Dallas, Tex; Hon J
M Owen, editor Farm, Stock and
Home, Minneapolis; Hon J P
Altgeld, ex-governor of Illinois;
Dr K U Andrew.-!, superintendent
public schools, Chicago; Col
Thomas Wentworth Higginson,
Cambridge, Mass; Rev Benjamin
Fay Mill", Boston, Mass;' Edwin D
Mead, editor New England ' Mag
azine; tm O M Jones, mayor,
Toledo, Ohio; N O Nelson, St Louis;
James ' II Fertiss, 1 editor Daily
News, Joliet, III; Fit weed Pomeroy,
president National Direct Legisla
tion League, Newark, N J. ,
Mix June Adiuns, Hull Houe-,
Chicago; Henry Carter Adams,
Professor Political Kconomy, L'ni
ver ttity tjf M icfiig njllon- IPX
Beutly, editor Wit Texas Sentinel,
Abileue, Tex; Hon James II Barry,
editor the Star, San Francisco;
Pmf K P Bern is, Kanaa State
Agricultural " College;" Rev "V D P
Bli, President Reform League,
1a Angeles, Cul ; Hon John W
KrciUcnthal, bank commissioner,
Totx-ka, Kan; Hon J P Buchanan,
ex-Governor of Tennessee, Way
side, Tenu; Joseph R Buchanan,
American Press Association, New
York; ERA Seligman, prof essor
political economy, Columbia. Col
b"Re, New York; Herbert N Casson,
editor tlrr-Coming Ration, Ruskin,
Tenn; Prof Joln R Commons,
Syrausjsc University; Hon Frank
Doster, Supreme Court Judge,
Topeka, Kansas; fMrs M 1) D Fry,
editor Union Signal, national sec
retary Woman's Christian Temper
ance Union: W;S Carter, editor
Firemen's Magzinc, organ Bro
therhood of Locomotive Firemen,
Peoria, 111; Dr George A Gates,
professor Iowa College, Grinnell,
Iowoj Rev" WashIngtonGradJen,
Columbus, Ohio; Hon James II
Lewis, Seattle, Wash.
W II Harvey, author "Coins'
Financial Shcool;" Hon John Mac-
Vicker, mayor, Des Moines, Iowa;
I'rof Frank Parsons, Boston, Mass;
Charles B Spahr, associate editor
Outlook; J W Sullivan, author
"Direct Legislation," Typograph
ical Union, New York; Dr. C F
Taylor, editor of the . Medical
World, Philadelphia, Pa; Hon
Jerry Simpson, Medicine Lodge,
Kans; Rev II W Thomas, I) D,
Chicago; J Allen Smith, professor
political economy, Washington
University; Hon Thomas McEwan,
Jr, Jersey City, N J; AM Thomp
son, editor the New Era, chairman
Union Reform Tarty, Springfield,
Ohio; Ed P Farrell, president Typo
graphic! Union, No 6 New York;
Hon A M Todd, Kalaniaioo, M ich.
Joseph B Reynolds, University
Settlement, N Y: Booker T Wash
ington, Tuskcgce, Ala; Hon O W
Stewart, chairman of last Prohi
bitionist national convention, Chi
cngj; E J Wheeler, editor of the
Voice and the Literary Digest, New
York; Prof CharKs Zubin, Chicago
University; Mrs L M N Stevens,
national president Woman's Chris
tian Temperance Union, Portland,
Me, Hon John P St John, ex-governor
of Kansas; Hon Joseph C
Sibley, Franklin, Pa; Hon George
Fred Williams, Dedh.im, Mass;
John Brisbano Walker, editor Cos
mopolitan; Willie J - Abbott," New
York Journal, New York; William
Deau Hjwells, New York.
Han, Trade and Money.
The common bond of society is
the dependence of man upon man
No man can produce by himself
all he needs or all he wants. He
must obtain from others wha he
cannot produce. This he dors by
exchanging his product or by
Kilitical economy,
rendering
aervice. These ex
changes are the only means where
by men can exist in organized
society. Every exchange ia a
mutual gain. All improvement,
the progress of civilixation, springs
from these exchanges.
The business of the world is in
its elements only sn exchange of
tiroducts or services Analyse the
vast business of the country and it
reduces to a transfer of com mod
ities from producer to consumer.
Taking ft comprehensive view of
these facts we may consider all
products in the market as forming
a common slock from which all
men supply their wants. The
common stock is the accumulation
of exchangeable things.
The division of labor and the
system of business that obtain
among civilised people conceal the
fact, but the truth remains that
the whole -movement is the ex
change of products and ervjces.
WHY DOES MO.NET CIBCt'LATfc? '
These exchanges are ml direct.
They are effected through the use
of money. The philosophy of the
use of money may be readily un
derstood. For instance, a man sells hii
crop. It goes into the common
stock. He 'receives $300. This
money represents his claim against
theommonstock. With it he
can complete the exchange. That
is, having sold his crop for 1 500.
he can now buy or withdraw from
the common stock a share of equal
value.
In these transactions it is evident 1
that money ii only a medium of
exchange, acting both as a receipt
and an order, and that it can be
used as such because it represent
value in the common stock.
Money circulates because it rep
resents value in the common stock.
. Whatever represents value in
the common stock is money. And
we" may note that whatever repre
sents value but is not a claim
against the common stock ia not
money.
Money is not part of the common
stock. It is not designed for con
sumption. It is essentially evi
dence of value. Hence it can
make no difference in the use of
money whether it is made of one
material or another. Money can
have no effect upon the character
of things exchanged. It can only
represent their value.
When we sell we receive money,
and when we buy we part wtih it
While in our possi-sion we can
make no use of the properties of
the material out of which the
money is made, or if we do then we
destroy the money.
Bearing in mind that money
represents value in the common
stock, we may state the law as
follows:
Money circulates because it rep
resents value. So long as man
remains a producing agent and ex
changes his prodncts, just so long
will he require money as a medium
of exchange.
THE MONEY TltKOJfY OF THE WORLD
This theory teaches :
1. That money must be made
ot some material that is rare and
and valuable. Hence gold and
silver are used as money metals
3. That money must be equal
in value to the things exchanged.
s. that money is a measure
and a standard ot value.
4. that money is used as a
medium of exchange because it is
valuable.
This theory is all assumption
There is nothing in the nature of
things that warrants a single one
of these four propositions. The
whole theory is a relic of bar
barism. "It is contrary to fact and
to reason. The logic of events has
ignored it
Money i$n common medium of
exchange which has the nature
both of a receipt and an order. It
is clear that a receipt is only good
for the value expresed in it, and
that it may be written on dear or
cheap material, but this would
have no bearing upon the nature of
the receipt An order may like-
wise be written on dear or cheap
material, but this would have no
cflcvt upon tlie, nature of the order.
DISCOVERED-
V
The OrejronUn's ServUe Ador
ation or Mckinley aa4 An
tipathy of Dewey LI4
Bare.
; Portland, April 1. (To the Ed
itorsBeing a man in the humble
walks of life, and having given
many years of service to the re
publican party in its private ranks,
I am surprised that The OregonLan
has taken the stand it has against
the nomination of Admiral George
Dewey for president by the, re
publican party and in favor of the
renomination of McKinley.
The Oregonian, by this act, it
seems to me, bos gone over to the
enemy the trusts and all the
forces that work against the wel
fare of common humanity. The
renomination of McKinley, in the
opinion of the writer, will be the
defeat of the republican party.
The hearts of millions of the great
common people the bone and
sinew of this great country are
set upon George Dewey for presi
dent, and you . ignore that fast
and invite defeat from the start
We will have no more of McKin
ley! " The common people of this
country niiea the ranks ol our
army with privates that went
forth
to sustain the honor of
our country, and were rewarded
for their patriotism being poisoned
with embalmed ' beef, and as a
result hundreds are in premature
graves who wese
near and dear
to Us who were left behind by
the ties of nature. The two men
wno are responsible for this are
rewarded by McKinley one by
being assigned to a life of ease
and idleness fornix years on a fat
salaiy, and the other by 6eTug
retained in one of the most respon
sible cabinet positions.; Think
you, Mr. Editor, that we common
people will vote for that roan
for. president who rewards the
men thaf poisoned our boys?
Nit I No, sir! I and thousands
of others of the comnum people
who are not connected with cor-
porated trusts will vote many
times over for Colonel V. J. Bry
an in preference to McKiuley,
irrespective of what our past party
affiliations have been. We believe
that. 16 to 1- and - anti eipanbion
talk will not be as great a ca
lamity and disgrace to our country
as has embalmed beef.
Mr. Editor, the talk you make
that Dewey would not accept the
presidency is all rot (excuse our
plain speech). Dewey is ft loyal
patriot, and will serve faithfully
with honor and distinction in any
position in which he may be placed
by the American people.
If the republican party is to
succeed, give as common people
a chance to vote for Admiral Dew
ey, and we will elect him have
no fear on that score; but take
warning in time, we will not help
re-elect McKinley, although we
are strong expansionists.
Pikbcs Back.
That's What the Troops Thoigkt
- ia Cnba. .
Some citisen of Eugene under
the suggestive signature of "Bull
Beef" writes the Oregonian as fol
lows. , The writer has our hearty
sympathy:
"Eugene, Or., March 81. (To
the Editor.) For God's sake give
us a rest on the beef question. We
have read nothing but bad beef,
rotton beef, Alger and the investi
gation on spoiled beef, for the past
month or more. Bad beet for
breakfast spoiled beef for dinner,
embalmed beef for supper. Can
not you think of anything else to
write about but bad beef? Do
you want to turn our stomachs?
Give us hash. Give us Portland
politics. Give us anything but
bad beef. Give us a rest We
have had enough of your spoiled
beef.' Bull Bk.
"Prosperity ' has struck our
j friends of the Express-Advance,
and they betray the evidence o( it
b making their paper a neat semi
weekly now. Boys, "Here's till
jese.""
Onr 8oac of rralsea. e
Just to obey the mandate of Ira
Campbell, member of the National
Press Association, requiring all
legitimate members of the Press
Association of Oregon to sing
praises to itself for having secured
the meeting of the National AiMci
atioa at Portland this year we are
moved to sing, and we request all
legitimate newspapers in the "Web
foot" state not to fall backward,
and join na. in our effort. Now,
all sing.
Gentlemen of the "National
Press Association, we, the people of
Oregon will welcome yon among
us. We will endeavor to make
you feel at hoaae. We will not be
da ixle your eyes by the gaudy
tinsel of Eastern manners to pro
vent you seeing us as we are. All
we ask is to tell your folks when
you get back borne in plain
language about our rivers, broad
valleys, wide fields, ear orchards,
our forests, streams and fishes, our
snow capped mountains, and our
mines and farm houses and barns,
cities towns and villages, school
houses and churches. Tell them
of our climate and seasons etc, etc.
Tell- them that we have lots of
room here for men of means and
muscle but not an inch to spare
for hobos and tramps, and but
small room lor tne common laborer
the country being already orer
crowded with these. We don't
expect you to go back East and
tell your people much about us, ss
we rather fear your visit on the
Pacific slope will - be more as an
outing for a little rest than for the
purpose of learning much con
cerning our country and its re
sources, or of Jour people and
institutid-ns. If the former is your
Ijjiirpoie you will not be dis
appointed it the latter, it would be
impossible for yon to do yourselves
and our country justice.
At all eventjtVe expect your visit
to create in your minds pleasant
impressions of us which will be as
lasting as life, and a enduring as
our hills.
And now let us sins; a new
version of an old fashioned doxol-
Praise the press from which all
blessings flow; praise it all
creatures here below; praise it all
ye Webfoot host, and save your
hid from ft "vnmi Tnant"
News Notes.
Fraa Smtom Capital Jon null.
New York, April 5. A special
to the Herald from Washington
says: Much interest is felt here in
the proposition originating with
the inhabitants of St Kitts in the
Leeward islands, for the exchange
of the Philippines for the British
West Indies.
There are strong arguments fn
favor of such an exchange if Great
Britain can be induced to part
with her West Indian possestuons.
and there is little doubt that if the
people of the United SUtes had an
opportunity to choose between the
Philippines and the English pos
sessions in the Carribean sea they
would prefer the latter. .
New York, April 5. A proposi
tion is being agitated to trade off
the Philippines for the British
West Indies. The proposition is
favored by the South but is oppos
ed by the West because it would
hurt the trade prospects of the
western country.
Fort Worth, Tex. April 5. Dr.
Vllttl ICI . 1111 19, VI UV J .
department of the United State
array passed here today enroute to
Washington. He oomes from the
Philippines and says the reports of
excellent health among the troops
are false. Dr. Harris stated that
many United. States soldiers, dis
heartened over their physieal con
dition, deliberately placed them
selves up as a target for the rii
mey's guns.
Chicago, April V Carter II Har
rison has been re-elected mayor of
Chicago. He has a plurality --f
41,933, but has 6,300 less than a
majority. Harrison has carried "t-l
out of 34 wards, including his own
ward, rhk-h Is nominally KrptiH
liean; also the Tenth, a stn-m
Republican ward and the home of
t:. ...... i !...!... r..i..
M I O Vj'p'llVUt, HU. VBI1TI,