SUPPLEMENT TO
ESTACADA
PROGRESS
Thursday, May 27, 1915
NEW COLLEGE CATALOGUE
High school graduates will be inter­
ested in knowing that the new cata­
logue of the Oregon Agricultural Col­
lege will be off the press about June
1, at which time a copy will be mailed
to the graduates o f June, 1915. It
is through such official publications
that high school students come to
know the colleges and their work.
Every prospective college student
owes it to himself to familiarize him­
self, through the medium of the cata­
logue, with his State College.
POULTRY
grass run. Hen always shut in coop
while chicks run in and out at will
in good weather, to be shut in with
hen at night.
To be examined twice for lice on
head and throat.
To be sparingly greased with lard
on head and throat when lice appear.
Their coop cleaned and moved fre­
quently and kept free from mites by
use o f coal oil.
Their grain scattered on clean
ground, and mash and water in fre­
quently cleansed dishes.
Grit, charcoal and cracked bone in
separate dishes.
A change in the feeding the second
week.—C. C. Lamb, Extension Poul-
tryman, O. A. C.
OREGON HENS LEAD IN
SIXTH MONTH OF CONTEST
HOW REGISTER OF MERIT
TESTS HELP DAIRYMEN
Oregon Agricultural College, Cor­
vallis, May 24.— The sixth report of
the world egg-laying contest at the
Panama-Pacitic Exposition shows that
the O. A. C. Leghorns led with 208
eggs and the crosses were second with
188. The Barred Hock dropped back
one place in the race.
For the term record at this, the
middle point of the race, the Canada
pen o f Adams’ White Wyandottes is
still in the lead with 773 eggs, while
the O. A. C. Leghorns are in second
place and have all but overhauled
their splendid competitors.
Last
month the Leghorns were 47 eggs be­
hind their rivals* this month they
are but five behind. The O. A. C.
crosses are third with 712 eggs, hav­
ing advanced from fifth place last
month. The O. A. C. Barred Rock are
now fifth in the term records with
694.
There are (50 pens in the contest.
The lowest record is 127 eggs for the
six months, made by a San Francisco
flock. The O. A. C. Leghorns and
crosses are now ahead o f any other
pens from the United States or Ehg-
land.
The encouraging thing about the
O. A. C. flock is that the three pens
stand close together right near the
top. They were bred by the same se­
lective method and results show be­
yond question that the breeding has
been good.
The highest individual record is
that of the New York Leghorn with
111 eggs for the six months. Two O.
A. C. crosses are tied for second with
107 eggs each. The third highest is
an O. A. C. Leghorn with 105 eggs,
and another Oregon Leghorn is sixth
with 95 eggs.
Oregon Agricultural College, Cor­
vallis, May 24.—“ The value of Reg­
ister of Merit records for dairy cattle
was well exemplified at the sale of
Jerseys at Independence on May 12,”
says Professor E. B. Fitts, Extension
dairyman of the Oregon Agricultural
College. “ One hundred and thirty-
five registered Jerseys were cata­
logued for this sale and about fifty of
the cows and heifers were in the
Register o f Merit or were from sires
or dams that had Register o f Merit
records. Those animals sold at an
advance on the average of 71 per cent
above those with no close Register of
Merit backing.
Breeders are more and more coming
to realize the value of official records
of production and are selecting breed­
ing stock with increasing care. Were
this same care in selecting breeding
stock taken by all dairymen the effect
would be far reaching in increasing
the average yield per cow and corres­
pondingly decreasing the cost o f pro­
duction.”
E X T E N S IO N
FEED AND CARE OF CHICK
DURING ITS FIRST WEEK
Oregon Agricultural College, Cor­
vallis, May 24.— The chicks are just
out. What are their needs now?
A gentle and careful mother hen
having excellent health and no lice.
(Thorough dusting with a good lice
powder while sitting and just before
hatching will kill the lice.)
A dry, airy brood coop which is rat
and rain proof.
Quietness the first day, no food.
Sharp, dry sand on floor of coop and
fountain of water handy. (Mother hen
may have some whole wheat or com.)
Starting food— Bran mixed crumbly
with raw egg; or bread squeezed dry
out of milk.
Grain mixture— 1 pint cracked
wheat. 1 pint cracked com, (Oreg.
Sta. Bui.), from second day but not
too much at any one time.
A fifteen minute meal o f starting
food at early morning feed, and at
noon. A ten minute meal o f grain
mixture at 4 P. M.
An active life from second day, on
A N IM A L
H USBANDRY
VALUE OF FORM IN HOGS
“ The form o f the pig is determined
quite largely by which parts o f his
body are most highly developed, and
consequently which part will weigh
the most,” says Professor G. R. Sam­
son, of the O. A. C. Animal Husbandry
department. “ It is not desirable that
any part of the pig that is o f no value
after it is killed should be very large.
This is especially true o f the belly,
and also o f the head, which should be
small and trim. The best means of
telling whether the belly is big and
will consequently make a lot o f offal,
is to look at the animal from the side
and note whether the underline is
straight or hangs down in the middle.
If straight it is reasonably certain
that the intestines and stomach are
not unduly large and that there is
considerable lean meat running clear
around the body. On the other hand,
if the lower line sags and the belly
is larger in the middle than either end
of the pig, it indicates that the intes­
tines and stomach are unduly full, or
heavy, and that lean meat is not pres­
ent in any considerable quantity.”
FEEDS FOR HORSES IN
THE WILLAMETTE VALLEY
Oregon Agricultural College, Cor­
vallis. May 24.— "Oats are the uni­
versal grain for all kinds of horses
in the Willamette Valley,” says the
Animal Husbandry authorities of the
Oregon Agricultural College. “ They
are of high quality in this section and
generally as cheap as any other gram,
so there is no particular occasion for
♦ he use of anythin gelse, although a
little bran is occasionally used for its
physical effect. Practically no barley,
wheat or com is used.
“ Hay in the northern part o f the
Valley is largely clover mixed with
with various grasses, such as timo­
thy, cheat, mesquite and others. In
the southern part they are moi a large­
ly vetch mixed with oats, and some­
times wheat and rye. Cheat is fed
to a slight extent throughout the Val­
ley, especially on low wet lands, where
it grows to good advantage. Mes­
quite is sometimes used but not to
any great extent, since it is not pola-
table.
"Grains of the Willamette Valley
are as good as can be found in any
country, but hays are often o f second
grade quality, since they are more or
less poorly cured and frequently mix­
ed with weeds or other undesirable
material.”
IN D U S T R IA L C L U B S
HOME CANNING METHODS
PROVE HIGHLY PROFITABLE
Oregon Agricultural College, Cor­
vallis, May 24.—“ Cold pack methods
and steam pressure processes of can­
ning fruits and vegetables have re­
ceived the closest attention of the
Oregon Agricultural College Indus­
trial Club authorities,” says F. L.
Griffin, State Agent of girls and boys
clubs, “ and no phase o f industrial
club work among the girls and boys
of the state has brought more encour­
aging results than those secured
through the work of the girls’ canning
clubs. The project is not confined
alone to girls, but is energetically ta­
ken up by boys in some parts o f the
state.
“ The movement, begun a year ago,
has spread all over the state. Demon­
strations of canning methods have
been made in widely scattered parts
of Oregon by members of the Exten­
sion staff engaged in this work, and
interest in the possibilities of home
canning have appealed to parents and
friends of the young people carrying
it. Those who should like to secure the
services of these experts in demon­
strating home canning as taught in
the club project may do so upon mak­
ing application to the State Agent or
Girls’ Club Supervisor at the College.
There are two members of the staff
available for this work wherever there
is enough interest to justify making
the demonstrations.”
AGRONOMY
TIME TO CUT HAY TO
SECURE RIGHT QUALITY
Oregon Agricultural College, Cor­
vallis, May 24.—“ Cut hay in the morn­
ing after the dew is off and rake into
windrows as soon as the leaves are
thoroughly wilted. Legumes (clover,
alfalfa, etc.) especially lose their
leaves readily and should be cured in
windrow and cocks and not in swath.
Two to three days in cocks should
cure clover hay enough for the mow.
Be sure all outside moisture (rain and
dew) are off and little danger will be
experienced in mow burning, provid­
ing the crop was cut at the proper
stage. You can't afford to lose the
leaves by swath curing. They repre­
sent a large per cent of the nutritive
value o f the hay.”
These are the views of J. E. Larson,
field crop Extension specialist of the
Oregon Agricultural College, on the
best time to cut hay. M'r. Larson
continues as follows:
" I f grains are cut far hay, cut in
late milk or early dough stage. Al­
low to wilt and cure some in windrow,
then put into cocks of good size, well
built and solid. The same method will
apply to grasses except that they are
often put in the haymow from the
%
windrow. Hay cut at the proper stage,
and cured and stored without burning
out will take the place of some of the
grain feed. Quality is important in
hay making.”
E X P E R IM E N T
S T A T IO N
FINDS BEET SUGAR GOOD
FOR CANNING PURPOSES
Oregon Agricultural College, Cor­
vallis, May 24.—-Now that the canning
season is again opening up it is
well to call the attention of farmers
and others doing home canning to the
fact that beet sugar is identical in
chemical composition to cane sugar
and is the equivalent of it for sweet­
ening and preserving purposes. A
very coitimon prejudice against beet
sugar has existed in the past and is
hard to remove, but according to
analyses made by Professor Tartar,
agricultural chemist o f the Oregon
Station, there is no difference in the
value of the two kinds of sugar.
The experience of a home canner
shows that fact. “ I had always used
the best Hawaiian cane sugar, but
after reading a bulletin on the beet
sugar I tried to get some to experi­
ment with. So great is the prejudice
against it that I was unable to get
any in nearby towns. I had some sent
from a sugar beet factory and made
quince and blackberry jelly with it,
and some with cane sugar and had I
not labeled the two kinds I nor anyone
else could have distinguished a par­
ticle of difference between the results.
I also made a few jars of blackberry
jam and canned some blackberries
successfully with the beet sugar.”
H O R T IC U L T U R E
PURPOSES AND METHODS
OF ORCHARD TILLAGE
Oregon Agricultural College, Cor­
vallis, May 24.—‘‘The particular
purposes of spring tillage of orchard
lands are to form a reservoir for mois­
ture and to make plant food available
at considerable distances from the
trees so as to maintain a large root­
feeding area. This tends to develop
strong trees with vigorous wood and
an abundance of good sized fruit. Till­
age also has considerable to do with
regulating the extremes of temper­
ature. By plowing and harrowing the
ground is apt to become warmer so
that the roots may begin their activity
and produce top growth at an earlier
date. For this reason too early till­
age should not be given where fruits
are likely to be caught by late frosts.
This is especially true of stone fruits
in exposed locations.”
In this way Professor C. I. Lewis,
chief o f Horticulture at O. A. C.,
handles the question of orchard tillage
in the Northwest, where the common
practice is that of the clean culture
system.
‘‘Tillage in the spring causes the
soil to receive more moisture and
greatly incresases its capacity for
holding moisture. It makes the soil
catch and hold the spring rains, and
later the frequent shallow cultivations
will check the otherwise too rapid
evaporation. With most of our clay
soils spring plowing is necessary, and
should be followed closely by the har­
row to prevent them from becoming
packed and cloddy. All cultivation of
heavy soils must be done when the
soils are in the right stage of mois­
ture. If too wet, they are so sticky
as to be almost impossible to handle;
if too dry, they plow up in large
lumps very hard to handle. Occasion­
ally these soils have been disked and
harrowed in place of plowed.”