The Maupin times., June 02, 1916, Image 6

WEIGH AND TEST MILK
Lack of Records Is Reason for
Unprofitable Cows.
Only Reliable Way to Learn Whether
Individual Animals In Dairy Are
Paying Is to Keep Tab on
Production of Each.
It Is variously estimated that one
fourth to one-third of the number of
cows in Wisconsin one of the very
best dairy states In the Union belong
to the class that is referred to as
"robber cows" or "star boarders,"
from the fact that they do not pay
for their keep, to say nothing about
yielding a profit to their owners. Ac
cording to Mr. F. N. Woll, the main
reason why farmers continue to keep
such cows is that they do not know
how the accounts stand with the indi
vidual cows in their herds. They do
not know how much milk or butter
fat the different cows produce, nor
how much feed they consume, or
Its cost.
There are, on the other hand, many
dairy herds in the state that average
over twice 170 pounds of butterfat
(the estimated average production in
the state) a year. These are yielding
Best Ten Cows Poorest Tei Cows.
large profits, and the number of such
herds Is Increasing with each year, as
more and more farmers loam how to
teed and care for their cows so as to
eecure the best returns.
The only way to learn whether the
individual cows in a dairy herd yield
a profit is to weigh and test their milk
regularly, so that their production of
butterfat during the year can be de
termined with at least a fair degree of
accuracy. This work of testing the
cows Is generally admitted to be of
fundamental importance in the man
ugement of a dairy. It can be done
by a farmer himself, by means of a
milk scale and a Eabcock tester, or
it can be done by outside parties,
-either co-operatively in the cow-teat-lng
association, or by the system of
official testing of dairy cows conducted
by the experiment stations.
As a Bpecial incentive to better
dairying a dairy cow competition for
the boneflt of cow owners in thlB state
twas begun several years ago which
,laBted two years.
1 A large number of extraordinarily
lilgh records were mado. Nearly two
thirds of the cows produced over 400
pounds of butterfat during the year,
or considerably more than twice the
average production of dairy cows in
Wisconsin and other Btates.
Striking fundamental facts relating
to the dairy production of cows are
brought out by the results obtained
in this Important competition. It
remains for our farmers to take ad-
I tT3LB
(MITTf TAT
Y'r.'V.r.'.i flia,TL69
POOHTSTCOW C3
Return! From Highest and Lowest
Producing Cowl.
vantage of the facts brought out and
ito apply in the management of their
jhords the principles which these illus
trate. Tho standards sot by the cows
n the competition are high and prob
ably beyond the reach of the majority
of farmers, but all can profit by emu
lating the methods of handling
and fuelling practiced by the breeders
who achieved tho bost results In the
competition. Above all, no farmer
depending on the income from his
fiord for a living can fool that he has
done his duty to hlmsolf, his family
or his community, until he takes prop
er steps to ascertain whether each
one of his cows is yielding him ade
quate returns for the food she eats
and tho care bestowed on hor. A con
scientious inquiry as to how matters
stand In this respect will inevitably
lead to improvemoat in tho production
of the cows and in the roturns which
will be secured In the management
of the herd.
BUILDS UP DAIRY INDUSTRY
Community-Owned Purebred Sires
Help Business Discourage Idea
of Selling Calves.
Purebred sires co-operatively owned
by dairymen In any community
means the upbuilding of tho dairy In
dustry In that section.
In order that this system may be
uccessful the prevalent idea and prac
tice of selling the young calf for tea)
at an attractive price and ready money
must be abandoned, and the whole
milk separated at the farm and the
aklm milk fed to these young auluala.
I NET RETURNS V?sI
COLTS AND CALVES IN FALL
Practical Dairymen and Horsemen
Make Most Profit Out of Animals
Dropped In Autumn.
We have inherited from our ances
tors the idea that spring is the time
for calves and colts. But the most
practical dairymen now know that
cows which freshen in the fall are
apt to make them more money than
the ones which come in in the spring.
The succulent pastures of May and
June cause a great flow when milk is
cheapest; and the usual August
drought cuts down the yield so early
In lactation that the loss in getting
the cow back or trying to do so is
great.
When milk is dearest the cows are
drying up. But the fall freshening
cow, when comfortably housed, gives
her full yield in the winter, when milk
is scarce. Just as she begins to need
crowding, to prevent a shrinkage in
her yield, the spring grass comes on
and gives her the required boost. The
August drought strikes her about the
time she ought to begin to dry off,
anyhow.
But fewer realize the arguments
for the fall colt. The dam of a colt
dropped In October has the entire
winter of leisure to devote to the
duties of maternity. She is off work
when the drain on her vitality is the
greatest. If the colt has warm quar
ters at night and during stormy
weather he will do as well as he
would In Bummer. When he is weaned,
the grass is ready for him. He has
more vitality to devote to flies and
mosquitoes. Some mighty good horse
men think the .fall colt is the only
colt for them.
FEED HOPPER FOR CHICKENS
Device Can Easily Be Made by Saw
ing Sides of a Laundry Soap Box
as Shown In Sketch.
A feed hopper for chickens can eas
ily be made by sawing the sides of
a laundry soap box as indicated. A
lid is fastened on the top by hinges,
and the feed is poured in at the top.
The front slants which keeps the feed
Chicken Feed Hopper.
always sliding down as It is taken out
of the opening. The opening is cov
ered with chicken wire to keep the
fowls from stepping Into the feed and
fouling it. The dotted lines show the
original construction of the box. Pop
ular Science Monthly,
PREVENTION OF OATS SMUT
Formaldehdye Treatment Haa Been
Thoroughly Tested and Found Ef
fective Against Disease.
Just before seeding oats Is the time
to prevent oats smut. The formalde
hyde treatment haa been thoroughly
tested and found effective, and is the
cheapest kind of insurance against the
disease. As an example, the Cornell
station points out that a man- who
planted five acres of oats last year
had a fourth of It affected by smut,
so that the yield was only 150 bush
els. Had he treated the seed, there
would have been an additional 50
bushels. At 50 cents a bushel this in
creased yield would have brought him
J25. The treatment, including mate
rial and labor, could not cost more
than J2, which would have meant a
not profit of $23. Farm expertB claim
that it pays to treat scod oats even
If It prevents only a two por cent loss.
The formaldehyde solution, which Is
a colorless pungent liquid and prefer
ably of 40 per cent strength as -pup
chased, may be obtained at any drug
store for about 30 cents a pint. It
somotlmes goes undor the trade name
of formalin.
RAPE WILL ASSIST RYE CROP
If Rye Is Not Pastured Too Closely,
Rape Will In All Likelihood
Make Good Stand.
If your stand of rye is a little thin,
aow four or five pounds of rape seed
por acre early and afterward give one
or two strokes with the harrow. There
need be but little fear of dragging out
the rye, as the crop is deeply rooted
and tho harrow will have but little In
jurious effect.
Of course If the rye Is pastured close
the young rape plants will be nipped
off when they are very tender, and this
may Interfere with a rank summer or
fall growth; but, on tho other hand, If
the rye Is not pastured too closely the
rape In all llkflihood will make a fair
ly strong stand.
Transplanting Plants.
Transplanting of cabbage, tomato
and other plants encourages a thrifty
growth of root and stem. Neglect
transplanting and when ready to put
In the garden the planta will be spin
dling and weak aud may not aurvlv.
if J
Lisbon's Beautiful Harbor.
PORTUGAL, the most recent na
tion to be drawn into the mael
strom of the European war,
was once a part of the ancient
Roman province of Lualtania, saya
a bulletin issued by the National Geo
graphic Bociety.
With a population scarcely exceed
ing the combined population of New
York city, Jersey City, and Newark,
and an area in Europe less than the
state of Indiana, Portugal has not
played a major role In the politics of
continental Europe in many years,
not, in fact, since Wellesley, aftor
ward the Duke of Wellington, land
ed his English forces and, with the
aid of native troops, defeated Soult
and Massena, Napoleon's marshals, in
the two peninsular campaigns.
But the colonial empire of Portugal
la out of all proportion to the im
portance of the home country. In
fact there were, at the beginning of
the war, only three other countries in
Europe Great Britain, France, and
Germany whose flags floated over
more territory beyond the boundaries
of the home country. The combined
area of the New England and North
Atlantic states would equal less than
one-fourth of the territory under the
dominion of the tiny republic occupy
ing the western edge of the Iberian
peninsula, whoBe navigators in the fif
teenth and sixteenth century were the
wonders of the world. Yet all this
vast territory la held by 8,000 colo
nial troops, supplemented by native
armies.
Peasants Are Poets.
A curious anomaly is to be found
among the peasants of Portugal, who
are classified as among the most il
literate of Western Europe, yet among
the most intelligent. Many of the
farmers three-fifths of the population
is devoted to agricultural pursuits
have a remarkable gift for versifica
tion, and many of the poems of the
country are handed down from gen
eration to generation without being
recorded. The peasants also are noted
for their sobriety, and yet the annual
production of wine exceeds 25 gallons
for each Inhabitant. So great, in fact,
is the product of the vineyards that
in the cities the various qualities of
water are discussed with keener In
terest than the grades of wine.
While Portugal's maritime glory Is
a thing of the past, a large number
of Portuguese still follow the sea for
a livelihood, and the fishing industry
is Important. The Portuguese sar
dines, however, are preserved In Ital
ian olive oil, although one-fifteenth of
the cultivated area of the nation is
given over to olive groves, for the pro
duction of oils of a cheap grade.
The Portuguese peasant woman Is
an Important bread winner, but she
receives for her day's labor of 16
hours in the field only a shilling or
less, while the men get two shillings.
One of the profitable and 'extremely
popular "industries" of the rural pop
ulation is a placid laying In wait for
tourists who attempt to motor through
the country on the less frequented
and often Impassable publlo roads.
With an ox-team the peasant waits at
a favorable spot until a motorist,
traveling on an automobile on which
an import tax of $120 has been col
lected by the Portuguese government,
sticks in the mud. To haul out such
an unfortunate is often more profit
able than several days' work In the
wheat, malie, or rice fields.
Llibon'a Beautiful Harbor.
The harbor of Lisbon, where the
acliure of the Gorman merchant ships
precipitated Portugal Into the war, is
one of the most beautiful In all Eu
rope, ranking acarcely second to Na
plea and Constantinople. The city Is
about the size ot Pittsburgh, and has
been the political center of the na
tion since It was wrested from the
Moors In the middle ot the twelfth cen
tury by Alfonso Uenrlquea, the founder
ot the kingdom. It waa the English
who aided Alfonso In bit war against
the Moors, and the following century
the two countries effected an alliance
which has existed unbroken during the
succeeding 700 years, save for Buch
sporadic Interruptions as when Na
poleon forced the little kingdom to de
clare war against the island empire.
The Portuguese, especially those of
Lisbon, are a pleasure-loving people.
They are fond of Sports of many sorts,
including the bull-fight, but the tore
ador is not the idol in this country that
he is in Spain, nor are the contests
as florae. Horses are seldom if ever
sacrificed in the Portuguese trocade
ros. Lisbon is an even greater "night
city" than was Paris, the streets ap
pearing at their busieat usually at 3
a. m. Tho principal thoroughfares are
admirably kept nowadays but as late
as 1835 a "clean-up" campaigner was
in r. -roeful minority when he began
.0 urge the authorities to put a stop
to such practices as breaking horses
in the streets and singeing pigs in the
main avenues of trade. He also pro
tested against keeping pigs alive In
the streets "or tied to the doors,"
while he thought it advisable to put
an end to the custom of allowing dead
animals to lie for indefinite periods in
the streets.
There are about 100 Journals pub
lished in Portugal, the majority of
these being of a political nature, and
many of them are owned by the lead
ers of the various political parties.
It has been said that "if Lisbon
turns Turk tomorrow all Portugal will
wear the turban," so when the mon
archy was overthrown In 1910, after
100 persons had been killed and 500
wounded in the capital, King Manuel
taking refuge in England, it was a
matter of course that the rest of the
nation would quietly acquiesce in the
new order of things. Portugal today
has much the same outward form of
government as our own. Each par
liament Is supposed to last three yeara;
senators are elected for six years, and
presidents for four years. The head
of the government receives $20,000 a
year. Money, however, is reckoned
chiefly in reis, and, therefore, even
a day laborer's wages is sweet to the
ear, for It takes 20 reis to make a
penny.
Portugal's transcendant contribu
tion to world history was the coloniza
tion of Brazil, the largest nation in
South America and the third largest
In the Western hemisphere. While
Brazil was discovered by Columbus'
companion, Pinzon, and formal posses
an taken by him In the name of
Spain, Cabral landed in 1500, a year
later, and proclaimed it Portuguese
territory. Portugal settled the coun
try and ruled it until 1S22 when, un
der the leadership of the Portuguese
prince, Dom Pedro, independence from
the mother county was declared.
Double Cause for Tear.
A favorite limerick is brought to
mind by the following tale from the
Orient:
TImur-lenk, the Tartar invader, was
very ugly and, catching a glimpse of
himself In the mirror, he burst Into
tears. The court Jester began weeping
also and kept It up long after his mas
ter had stopped.
Tlmur looked at him In astonish
ment, "I wept with reason." he said,
"at beholding my own ugliness I, the
lord ot so many lands. But I do not
understand why you should thus de
spair." "It you, my lord." replied the Jester,
"wept for two hours after seeing your
self In the mirror for an Instant, Is It
not natural that I, who see you all
day long, should weep longer than
you?"
The One Thing Needful.
His Wife I don't think the Ne
rich family dates bark very far.
Her Husband Well, the family tre
la old enough to bear golden fruit, anj
way.
REAL CHAMBER OF HORRORS
Attio In New York's Criminal Court
Building Poor Place to Spend a
Pleasant Afternoon.
Any attic is a collector of forgotten
relics as thickly enveloped in' associa
tions as in du3t. But in the attic of
the normal household there is very lit
tle that is gruesome and much that
is tender, and humorous, in its
associations. The ghosts of the past
which lurk under the domestic eaves
are for the most part kindly, though
soma may be melancholy and some
foolish. One finds them, on rare visits
to their musty retreat, making a gen
tle appeal to one's heart, seeking to
Boften one's facial lines with ghostly
caresses, coaxing a philosophical wel
come. We dwell upon these characteristics
simply to emphasize the ontrast pre
sented by the fearsome wraiths haunt
ing the attic of the criminal courts
building. A spring housecleaning
there, the first in many years of crime,
has discovered among the dust-gathering
contents a thousand suits taken
from the bodies of murdered men,
including the clothing worn by Caesar
Young, by Stanford White and Herman
Rosenthal. There was the trunk In
which Elsie Siegel's body was found.
There wero gambling outfits captured
In the spectacular raids of WMlliam
Travers Jerome. There were weapons
of every description, the agencies of
murder and assault in fact, an ac
cumulation of criminal exhibits cover
ing a decade and mors of tho city's
history and recalling to mind a host
of half-forgotten tragedies and sad
failures and grim triumphs of jus
tice. PerhapB It is not altogether fair to J
call this chamber of horrors our com
munal attic, since to bo completely
representative it should gather also
those more wholesome relics of a peo
ple's activities which eventually find
their lodgment in museums. And yet
until this criminal courts attic more
nearly resembles in contents of asso
ciation the domestic species the mil
lennium will seem too far off to bother
about. New York Tribune.
City Bird Clubs.
It has taken more than twenty years
of steady work by the National Audu
bon society to demonstrate the eco
nomic value of birds to agriculture,
and the result is in our state laws
protecting song birds and the federal
laws protecting the migratory game
birds. Incidentally, bird sanctuaries
have been established in several
places, remarks the St. Louis Post
Dispatch. Henry Ford's near Detroit,
and Avery island on the Gulf coast,
given by Mrs. Russell Sage, are note
worthy. Several state preserves have
been set aside for the game protec
tion. The bird club movement strives
to save the birds, with objects both
economic and esthetic. Bird club or
ganizations have taken firm bold in
several of our large cities, and have
brought about increased attractive
ness to parka and residential sections
reclaiming the wild native birds. The
methods include planting trees and
shrubs suitable for nesting places and
bearing acceptable fruit for food, and
the provision ot drinking fountains for
bird use. The methods have provod
successful and does anything add
more charm to outdoors In a city than
bird songs?
Sterilizer for School Pencils.
In many public schools where the
children do not own their individual
pencils, but where these are distribut
ed and collected by the teachers, it
has been felt that infectious diseases
might easily be communicated from
one child to another by the pencils.
For boys and girls have a habit of
chewing or sucking the ends of their
pencils, and the germs ot the many
diseases that lurk in the mouth are
thus transferred to the soft wood.
Thus might any of the affections of
the throat, nose and lungs, to say
nothing of the more serious diseases
that manifest themselves in sores of
the mouth, be transmitted.
It is to safeguard against this that
E. S. Mathis of Haddonfleld, N. J., has
patented a sterilizer for poncils. These
are put In a rack, their point being
immersed in formalin gas, which kills
any germs that may be upon them.
Mr. Mathis says it will cost $1 a year
to sterilize the pencils of a school
with bis device.
Hamlet Only Told the Truth.
"Tell people the truth and break so
cial conventions as Hamlet did, and
they will think you crazy!" Dr. John
Duncan Spaeth, professor of English
literature in Princeton university, said
recently in a lecture on "Shakespeare
and the Democratic Spirit."
"Hamlet was perfectly sane," Doc
tor Spaeth added, "but when ho told
the truth to foolish people they
thought him crazy. He called Polo
nlus a fool, and the latter at once
tapped his head and was quite con
vinced Hamlet had gone mad. Hamlet
did the same thing with many others
who figured in his lite. With the ex
ception ot his mother and Horatio,
all other characters in the play, when
told the plain, unvarnished truth,
thought him Insane."
Tenerlffe Would Extend Trade.
The first combination of business
men brought together In the Canary
Islands for exclusively foreign trade
purpose with any one nation was or
ganized December 29, 1915, under the
title of "The Tenerlffe-Amerlcan Board
of Trade." The purpose of the new
trade body la to increase the commer
cial relations between the island of
I Tenerlffe and business men tit to
Cnlted States.
GREAT BRITISH FORT
ADEN ONE OF EMPIRE'S MOST
PRIZED POSSESSIONS.
By No Means the Least of Strategy
Points on the Way to India and
the Far East Can Defy
Mighty Fleets.
Aden Is the unhappy gateway Into
happy Araby, and, moreover, it Is one
of the foremost strategic points on
England's trade route through the Red
sea to India and the Far East, says a
war primer issued by the National
Geographic society, which tells of the
first stronghold on the London-India
route to withstand a severe attack by
the Turks. One Arabian author says
of the country behind Aden, that coun
try known aa Arabia Felix: "Its in
habitants are all hale and strong, sick
ness is unknown, nor are theTe poison
ous plants or animals; nor fools, nor
blind people, and the women are ever
young; the climate is like paradise
and one wears the same garment sum
mer and winter."
Aden, however, where the British,
and Turkish forces are opposing one
another, enjoys none of these advan
tages catalogued as inherent in Arabia
Felix.
Spread over its ragged hills of sun
made ash and cinder, sweltering,
gloomy, and unrelieved by vegetation,
Aden invites little attention in peace
times. "Aden is a valloy surrounded
by tho sea; its climate is so bad that
it turns wine Into vinegar in the space
of ten days," complained one disap
pointed Arab traveler of the Middle
Ages. And in the centuries since bis
visit the climate has not improved. In
spite, nevertheless, of the terrible heat
that gathers over Aden's valley and
clings to its low hills and its lack ot
a good water supply, the place main
tains a reputation as a healthy one.
The town 1b built on desolate vol
canic rocks that constitute a peninsula
near the entrance to the Red sea. The
strait of Bab-el-Mandeb lies 100 miles
away; and Aden is the British Gibral
tar toward the Indian ocean that keeps
an eternal vigilance over the safety ot
the rich English commerce that goes
this way. The British captured and
annexed ths place on January 18, 1S39,
since which time they have made the
place a most emphatic fortress, one
of the strongest anywhere In southern
Asia. Money and labor without stint
have been expended there to make the
city absolutely impregnable from land
and sea. Massive lines of defense,
strengthened by a broad moat, guard
the neck of the isthmus, and these de
fenses conceal powerful batteries. Tur
rets, hidden forts, mined harbors,
great naval guns, obstruction piers,
barracks, redoubts in solid rock, all are
elements in the British plan to guard
this southern end of their important
trade route beyond all possible chance
of failure against superior and sus
tained attack. Aden may be last in
matters of climate, but it is among the
first in matters of fortification.
The narrow peninsula on which this
queen of southern fortresses roars It
self is only about fifteen miles in cir
cumference. It is the bowl of an ex
tinct volcano. The lofty hills around
are the remains of the crater sides,
and, of these, Shem Shem has an alti
tude of nearly 1,800 feet. All food
and water for use on the peninsula has
to be brought in from the outside.
Much ot the water is supplied from
the government condensers, which
were designed to make the fortress in
dependent in case of war's necessities.
The population of 44,000 is a mixture
of all the elements of the Orient, with
an intersprlnkling of western drum
mers and British administrators and
military men. Arabs, Chinese, Per
sians, Turks, Hindus, Parsees, Egyp
tians, Soudanese and Jews compose
the stolid, stable population that en
dures the climate year in and year out,
and carries on the labors ot the great
fortress camp.
Fortune In Waste Paper Basket.
The days when poor men may pros
pect for gold are pretty well past, but
It seems as though a substitute, per
haps less picturesque and exciting,
offers itself in the waste paper baskets
of business corporations.
Not very long ago the Hemingway
Paper Stock company purchased from
the banking firm of Townsend, Whelen
t Co., in Philadelphia, a batch of old
correspondence and papers, to be used
as paper pulp. The price paid was iJO.
An employee ot the purchasing firm
bogan going over the documents and
letters and discovered a great number
ot old, foreign stamps. He reported the
matter to his employers and they or
dered him to go through the whole lot
and pick out every stamp that seemed
unusual. A vast number were col
lected and when shown to A. F. Her
kels, president of the Philadelphia
Stamp club, he appraised thoir value
at .over 175,000, thus giving the firm a
profit of more than a thousand dollars
on each dollar of their purchase.
Needa Must
"I think I'll go In for aquatic sports
this summer."
"I didn't know you cared for that
aort of thing."
"I don't, but that suburban lot I
bought seems to be better adapted for
boating and swimming than tor any
thing else."
Give Up Coat Tails to Help Win War,
At a measure of war economy, the
schoolboys of the famous English
school, Harrow, will cut oft their im
memorial coat tails and also wear few
er buttons.