CONGRESS STIRRED
ON MEXICAN POLICY
Popularity of Administration's
Action Greatly Strained.
SENTIMENT INCLINES TO INTERVENTION
Promises of Carranza Are Received
With Distrust and lndiffence
Senate Feeling Is Ugly. .
Washington, D. C President Wil
ton is facing revolt in congress in
connection with his Mexican policy.
. Following the meeting of the cabi
net Saturday the fact was allowed to
become public that President Wilson
had decided not to send troops into
Mexico, but would depend on General
Carranza to punish the murderers of
the Americans killed at Santa Ysabel,
Chihuahua, and to aid that Mexican
leader in every proper way to establish
peace and order throughout the neigh
boring country.
This policy is by no means satisfac
tory to the great majority of the mem
bers of the senate and house. There
is a rising sentiment for intervention,
which the President is earnestly en
deavoring to check. He is urging and
pleading that he be permitted to con
tinue to handle the situation in Mb
own way, promising the results will be
satisfactory to congress and the coun-try.
He Ib dwelling on the assurances he
has received from General Carranza
that the assassins are being actively
purBued and when captured, will re
ceive condign punishment and that
strong patrols have been established
along the railway to guard 'against
outrages similar to that which occur
red at Santa Ysabel,
Through members of his cabinet,
Senator Stone, chairman of the senate
foreign relations committee; Repre
sentative Flood, chairman of the house
foreign affairs committee, and others,
he is applying pressure to senators and
representatives for the purpose of in
ducing them to refrain from putting
through a resolution which would
force him to put troops in Mexico.
Thus far the President's efforts have
not met with any noteworthy success.
Doubtless, in the end, he will be tri
umphant, hut the feeling in both bod
ies, particularly the senate, is ugly
The debate in the senate Saturday, for
example, developed the moBt insistent
demand yet heard for immediate ac
tion. iNoDody seemed to give any
weight to the Carranza assurances that
the brigands would be captured and
punished. Nobody paid any attention
to the official report that Generals Al
meida and Rodriguez had been arrest
ed and shot at Madera. It was ap
parently assumed that the men had not
participated in the Santa Ysabel as
sassination, and, even if they had done
so, it is doubtful if the temper of the
senate would have been sensibly modi
fied.
Germans to Take Reprisals on
British as Retaliatory Measure
Berlin, by wireless to Sayville The
German government has transmitted
to Great Britain, through the Ameri
can embassy, a note which declared
that, as a result of Great Britain's
failure to fulfill Germany's demand for
an explanation of the circumstances
surrounding the sinking of a German
submarine by the British patrol boat
Baralong, Germany will adopt suitable
measures of reprisal.
Germany first made demands several
weeks ago through the United States
embassies at Berlin and London on the
British government for punishment of
the captain and crew of the patrol boat
Baralong as murderers for the alleged
killing of the commander and 10 mem
bers of the crew of a German submar
ine after the submarine had been sunk
by the Baralong, which surprised the
underwater craft while it was making
an attack on the British mule steamer
NicoBian.
MONTENEGRO UNCONDITIONALLY
SURRENDERS POWERFUL fOE
Berlin The king and the govern
ment of Montenegro on January 18
asked cessation of hostilities and
opening of peace negotiation! It was
officially announced by Austro-Hungar-ian
headquarters Tuesday.
The Austro-Hungarfan government
replied to Montenegro that peace ne
gotiations were only possible If the
Montenegrin army unconditionally laid
down its arms, the headquarters state
ment, as received here from Vienna,
says. The Montenegrin government,
adds the statement has accepted tne
Austrian conditions.
Montenegro asks for peace," said
Count Tisza in the Hungarian parlia
ment. The proceedings under the first
paragraph of the order of the day had
just been completed when Count Tisza
asked permission to Interrupt tne dis
cussion. He said that the King and
government of Montenegro bad asked
the inauguration of peace negotiations.
The announcement caused a great com
motion in Parliament.
"We asked that beforehand Monte
negro unconditionally lay down ner
arms.
ale Sweeps Southern California,
Blowing DownJOO Oil Derricks
Bakersfield, Cal. Sweeping with
the violence of a tornado, a southwest
gale blew for three hours in the Mid
way oil district, starting Tuesday af
ternoon, destroying property estimated
at $260,000. More than 400 derricks
were blown down and several engine-
houses in the oil fields were wrecked.
Several dwellings and bunkhouses
were also toppled over. The damage
was greatest in the North Midway and
McKittrick districts, where more than
250 derricks were destroyed.
The San Francisco-Kittirck boiler-
house was wrecked in an explosion
when a crown block went crashing
through the immense boiler. The
Associated Oil company lost 64 out of
84 oil derricks.
At Lob Angeles two men were re
ported drowned and more than 100
people were homeless as a result of
the heavy rain storm which caused al
most every river and stream In South
ern California to overflow its banks
and Inundate the lowland adjacent,
Allies Land Troops Near Capital
of Greece to Force Country's Hand
Berlin Berlin newspapers, accord-
ng to the Overseas Mews agency, ex
press the belief that tne landing or
allied troops at Phaleron, five miles
Boutheast of Athens, is considered as
supplying proof that the entente pow
ers intend using extreme means to
force the hand of Greece.
The news agency says that according
to prevalent reports, the Greek gov
ernment has transferred part of the
state archives to Larissa, in North
western Greece, where, eventually,
the Greek government likewise will be
transferred.
Berlin newspapers, commenting on
the latest news regarding Greece,
unite in stating that the entente seems
to have abandoned all regard for Greek
neutrality and sovereignty. The land
ing at Phaleron is regarded as proof
that the entente is now going to use
extreme means for forcing Greece into
the war.
liquor Seized in Prohibition Raid
on fashionable Seattle Resort
Seattle The Rainier club, the prin
cipal club in Seattle, was raided late
Tuesday by deputy sheriffs who confis
cated 400 quarts of whUky, cham
pagne, gin and other intoxicants. The
raid was made under direction of Sher
iff Robert P. T. Hodge, who obtained
a Bearch warrant authorizing his dep
uties to enter every room in the largi
clubhouse at Fourth avenue and Mar
ion street.
None of the liquor was found in the
old barroom or In the club's storeroom
in the basement. Most of it was
found in a trunk hidden in a locked
linen closet on the fourth floor. The
house manager said that he had no key
to the closet and the officers forced
open the door.
Other seizures were made in mem
bers' rooms, where more than the stat
utory allowance of two quarts of
spirituous or 12 quarts of malt liquor
was found. The property of members
having less than these amounts was
not disturbed.
NEWS ITEMS
Of General Interest
About Oregon
Northwest Funds Asked.
Washington, D. C. The secretary
of the treasury has asked for the fol
lowing appropriations In the.deflciency
appropriation bill, soon to be reported
to congress, in order to carry on work
this winter on public buildings in the
Northwest: Roseburg, J39.000; Van
couver, Wash , 45,000; Ellensburg,
$30,000; Aberdeen, $46,000; Twin
Falls, Idaho, $15,000. .
No deficiency appropriation is asked
for Portland, as the regular appropri
ation will be available by the time the
contract is awarded.
Striking Ruin Is Found.
Washington, D. C The most strik
Ing ruin yet unearthed by archaeolo
gists in America has been found by Dr,
Fewkes, of the Smithsonian Institu
tion, who has made his report to the
Interior department. The mound, the
largest of any thus far found, was 1
Mesa Verde National Park in New
Mexico, and apparently was built for
religious rites and ceremonials.
has been named Sun Temple. There
' are 26 rooms, and the walls, which
total more than 1000 feet in length,
average four feet thick.
Pullman Inquiry Dropped.
San Francisco Investigation of
rates, service and labor conditions of
the Pullman company in California was
dropped by the Railroad Commission
of California, after Intermittent hear
ings since April 26, 1914. The com
pany, it was said, complied in part
with the commission's views by in
creasing porters' wages. Objections
to the company's methods, advanced by
the commission at several hearings,
were held to spring from tipping.
Road Bonds Urged to
Build Permanent Highways
Salem A state bond Issue for mak
ing permanent road improvements and
an increased tax levy to provide for
maintaining state highways and for
redemption of the bond Issue, are rec
ommended by E. I. Cantlne, chief dep
uty engineer, in his annual report sub
mitted to the State Highway commis
sion. Construction of a coastal beach
highway from Astoria to Crescent City
also urged.
When the locating parties have com
pleted their work in Douglas, Wasco
and Sherman counties, Engineer Can
tine announces that the Columbia
ighway will be located from Seaside,
n Clatsop county, as far as Wasco, in
Sherman county, and the Pacific High
way will have been surveyed from
Portland to the California line, with
the exception of a section in Josephine
county.
'It is believed that the date is rap
idly approaching when the state will
have to undertake the maintenance of
the main trunk highway, such as the
Columbia and Pacific highways,"
writes Mr. Cantine. At the present
time the State Highway commission
does not hold itself responsible for the
upkeep of roads constructed from state
funds, leaving this duty to county
officials.
The report urges upon the commis
sion the adVisabitliy of working for
enactment of legislation authorizing it
to lay out highways and procure rights
of way for them, and empowering the
commission to arrange with the coun
ties for the maintenance of such state
laid-out roads until a Btate main
tenance program is adopted.
Expenditure of the highway depart
ment from January 1 to December 1,
1915, totaled $223,128.81, according to
the report. Of this amount $68,443.48
expended on the Columbia High-
U-Boat Could Carry Milk.
New York That it would be entire
ly feasible to have submarine mer
chantmen carry milk to the babies in
the central empires was the opinion
given by Lieutenant Commander Craft,
of the New York navy yard, to the cit
izens committee for food shipments,
"If the submarine were constructed
for the purpose," said Lieutenant
Craft, "there is no scientific reason
why it could not make voyage across
the Atlantic with cargo. The idea
of a submarine for blockade-running i
new but practical."
Belgian Food Ship Sails.
New York The steamer Celebes
sailed Tuesday night for Rotterdam,
carrying 165,000 sacks of wheat and
quantity of beans and clothing, con
tributed to the Commission for Relief
in Belgium by the committee in Pitta-
burg and Western Pennsylvania.
The Celebes carried a banner be
tween her masts bearing the inscrip
tion, "Pittsburg and Western Pennsyl
vania relief ship." The cargo is val
ued at $250,000 exclusive of the cloth
ing, and was contributed by 42,000
persons.
Quaker and Troops Riot.
London Wild scenes were witnessed
at a gathering in a Quaker meeting
house in which Canadian soldier par
ticipated. The trouble arose owing to
Interruptions by a faction of Quakers
of a Quaker speaker who was support
ing conscription. One of the Canadian
soldiers tried to muzzle one of the in
terrupters of the speaker with his
gauntlet The meeting house toon was
a mass of struggling forma. The con
criptlonist came out victorious.
way in Columbia county, and lib,
702.97 on the Rainier Hill section of
the highway. The sum of $34,106.70
was expended on the Columbia High
way In Clatsop county. The Mitchell's
Point construction of the Columbia
Highway cost $41,896.36.
Railroad Work Moves For
ward in Harney County
Ontario In spite of the severe
weather, work continues on the O.-W,
R. & N, extension west from River
side, Or., to points in Harney county.
Nearly all the grading has been com
pleted as far as Oakley and the rock
cuts and bridges are now progressing
rapidly. Mail service to Riverside has
been begun, the mail run on the
thrice-a-week train being from On
tario to Riverside.
Between Bend and Burns the Stra-
horn surveying party is In the field,
running the newly-projected line be
tween those interior points. H. N,
Bogue, chief engineer for the Stra-
horn party, was in Burns last week
and hired a saddle horse for the pur
pose of a closer investigation of the
Sage Hen pass. Leaving the horse,
he proceeded by auto to Bend, so it is
not known whether this pass will be
used by the new line, but probabilities
are that it will,
Everything indicates that within a
few months work will actually be un
der way to connect Burns finally with
the outer world, and to do away with
"Interior" Oregon forever.
Klamath Ships Livestock,
Klamath Falls One of the largest
shipments of livestock from Klamath
county this year left on the Livestock
Special this week. This comprised 26
carloads for California and Portland
markets. The biggest shipment was
of lambs sent to San Francisco by O,
T. McKendree, of this city. There
were over 2000 head, filling 20 cars,
Two cars of cattle and one car of hogs
were shipped by Fred Stukel to Sacra
mento. Charles Horton consigned two
cars of cattle to the Union Stockyards
at Portland,
NEW PLAN OF TESTING
PUPILS TO BE TRIED IN
EIGHTHJRADE EXAMS.
In the May and June Eighth grade
examinations a new plan will be tried
in testing the pupils In the aubject of
U. S. History and Civil .Government,
according to a statement Issued by
State Superintendent of Public In
struction J. A. Churchill, During the
examination the pupils will be allowed
to refer to their text books, but the
questions will be so framed as to test
the ability of the pupil in expressing
what be has learned in clear, concise
language. The advantages of such a
plan are, that It permits the teachers
to emphasize the historical events
which she considers most' important;
it gives the trained teacher greater
freedom, so that she can do a much
higher quality of work than simply
helping the pupils to "cram" for an
examination; it frees the teacher and
the pupils from so teaching and study
ing as to make the examination the
end; it tends to give the pupils power
of expression and eliminates the mem
orizing of unimportant dates and facts.
'There is always danger," said Su
perintendent Churchill, "of the ex
amination system developing a ques
tion and answer method of teaching.
Any plan whereby the examination be
comes the end is unpedagogical, and
the examination usually deteriorates
into a memory test. With this new
plan, If the teacher will adopt it for
the pupils' monthly tests, they will
learn by the close of the year how to
use the text as merely a reference
work in writing their final papers. The
questions will be so worded that it will
be impossible for the pupil to copy any
amonut from the text book, but he will
find help by turning to it to refresh
his memory on some point that has es
caped him just for the moment. When
writing an examinatoin a pupil often
finds thst he cannot recall the answer
to a question. He is then liable to be
come so nervous and frightened that
he will fail in the entire examination.
This is really the common-sense way to
prepare a pupil for his work in the
every day world, for if a man has to
write an article or prepare a paper on
any subject, he does not attempt to
depend upon his memory for the proof
which he wishes to use from various
seources to substantiate his state
ments; rather, he has on his table a
number of reference works dealing
with the subject upon which he is
writing.
The eighth grade examinations, to a
very large exent, set the standard of
teaching, and I am very confident that
this new plan will strengthen the work
in the eighth grade and give the pupil
much more power and confidence than
he gains from the memory teBts. If
his class standing has been high dur
ing the year and his English class
work has been below par, the open
book will be of no help to him during
the short hour of his examination."
YALE STUDENTS ORGANIZE A FIELD BATTERY
Yale has completed Its military preparedness by organizing a battery In which nearly five hundred undergradu
ates have enlisted. It will be equipped with three-Inch field pieces, which are similar in construction to tne famous
French 76-mlllimeter gun. The first gun has juBt arrived and has been added to the equipment of the battery. Its
maximum range Is four miles, and it cost, with two limbers and a caisson, $2,600. The Yale battalion consists of four
companies of 138 men each. The government will supply each of these four companies with four of the above three
Inch field pieces, making a battery of 16 guns In all.
TRANSPORTS CONTRASTED
BRITISH AND GREEK
i . r. r - f
I " i " ' , i
t.
A curious contrast between the British and Greek transports is presented here. British Tommies look with
Interest at the small, two-wheeled carts used by the Greeks, which the former pass on the highway near Salonlki.
GAS ATTACK SEEN FROM AEROPLANE
FARMERS' AND HOME-MAKERS'
SHORT COURSE IN SESSION
Klamath Indians Logging,
Klamath Falls Logging operations
on the Klamath Indian reservation for
the winter are well under way, accord
ing to Supervisor of Reservation For
ests J. M. Bedford, under whose direc
tion the work is being done. The gov
ernment camp is on Wood river, north
of Klamath agency. About 1,000,000
feet of timber already has been decked
ready for hauling to Wood river. It
will be driven down Wood river and
towed acrosB Upper Klamath lake for
use by the Klamath Manufacturing
company, a large box factory.
Hundreds of Sheep Perish,
Roseburg More than 1,600 sheep
have perished In Douglas county dur
ing the last week as a result of the
cold rains and snow, according to
stockmen. Beckley Brothers, who
operate a large ranch on the North
Umpqua river, report the loss of 700
sheep, while E. G. Young & Co., of
Oakland, lost 600. Many other smaller
losses are reported from many sections
of the county. Feed is scarce here at
the present time, and even heavier
losses are anticipated by stockmen if
the present stormy weather continues.
Heavy Timber Felled by Storm.
Molalla One of the severest storms
known in this section for years has
done heavy damage to standing timber.
A tract known as the Schusted claim,
which cruised 12,000,000 feet, is re
ported by Fred Schafer, a sawmill man
who was hunting cougars in that vicin
ity, to have lost at least 6,000,000 feet
of timber, which was blown down. In
many places the trees are piled 20 feet
high.
Power Plant Destroyed.
La Grande When Ore Wednesday
burned the Mill Creek power plant,
which assists in generating electricity
for the Eastern Oregon Light & Pow
er company, the city oecarre nam
pressed for power juice. All big con
sumer were promptly shut off until
temporary repair can be made.
Corvallis Many pars of Oregon are
represented in the gathering of farm
ers and homemakers at the Agricultur
al college for the annual short course
work which beagn last week. Un
like the work of Farmers' week the
short course work is carried on with
the regular college work, and it ex
tends over a period of four weeks.
Much of the work is given'as class and
personal instruction through lectures,
demonstrations and laboratory exer
cises. In many instances the training
is made a personal matter, specialists
of the college staff directing the work
of individuals in their chosen courseB.
Eight courses are offered in fields
and crops, eight in farming combined
with raising livestock and dairying,
eleven in creamery work and dairying,
five in garment making and house
keeping, five in food preparation, ten
in orcharding, and two in wood and
metal shop work.
In each of these selections can be
made and more or less optional work
taken, as in orcharding, where use can
be made of the special facilities
offered by the college in pruning or
spraying or other specialty. By com
pleting the prescribed work in any of
the foregoing courses, students may
receive a certificate setting forth the
work accomplished. Some of the
courses are progressive and require
minimum of work in specified subjects
as an entrance requirement.
In addition to the work of the fore
going courses a series of lectures on
commercial and business subjects, on
poultry, history, economics, zoology,
chemistry, farm accounting, and high
way construction, will be given
throughout the four week. For fur
ther information send for complete
program to O. A. C, Corvallis, Ore,
Oregon Y. W. C. A. to Act.
Eugene One hundred and seventy
co-eds and enough men to make up
mob will take part in a pageant play to
be staged by the Y. W. C. A. before
an assembly of students March 2. The
purpose of the play la to celebrate the
15th birthday of the National Y. W.
C. A. "Girls of Yesterday," is the
title of the pageant, which depict by
costumes, muBic and dialogue the pro
cession of year ince 1866. The girl
of 1866 will be Miss Juanita Wilkins,
of Eugene, while Mis Emma Wooton,
of Astoria, will be the girl of 1916.
Sandy Boost Highway.
Sandy The Sandy Commericial club
ha taken up the question of assisting
the proposed Mount Hood loop of the
Columbia Highway. One speaker said :
"We, the people of Sandy and vicinity,
are offered a golden opportunity, but to
insure this we must get busy. The
united effort of the community at this
time will bring state aid to this vital
project, which i the assurance that the
ML Hood loop of the Columbia High
way will be built through Sandy. Pow
erful interest are at work to exclude
Sandy from the highway."
GUARDED THE WHITE HOUSE
!:lliiiiiiiiiiir ;
lllllt I 11 J
This remarkable picture, taken by a Russian airman, Illustrates the start
of a gas attack in the eastern war zone, the poisoned cloud rolling before a
westerly wind towards the Russian lines after being released from the gas
cylinders operated by the Germans in the center of the picture. On the right
are three lines of German troops awaiting the moment to advance, their length
ening shadows showing that the sun Is nearly setting.
AMERICAN AIRMEN WHO AID FRANCE
This is Davie the one on top ol
the kennel who guarded the White
House during the honeymoon absence
of President Wilson. He is an Aire
dale and the property of Miss Helen
Woodrow Bones, cousin of the presl- X
dent, and Is highly valued as a watch
dog. Holding Davie's chain is Willis
Jackson, one of the White House messengers.
LLOYD-GEORGE'S CHAUFFEUR
SVWW
P N v viKX "" N 5, --arc Jr n
I fBf 'M rf; II -i
I I l V 1 l' I
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Left to right: Sergt. Elliott Cowdin, Sergt. Norman Prince o( Boston and
Lieut. William Thaw, three American birdnien who, for daring deeds on the
battlefields ot France, have been decorated for bravery, and came back to the
I'uilod States to spend Christmas with their (oiks at home. Each has received
the military medal and the war medal, the latter being the French equivalent
of the lrcn Cross of Germany, Already they have returned to their duty at
tho frout
CONDENSATIONS
Mlnniota' 1DH poultry and egg
output was valued at $35,000,000.
Broom handles are needed In Glas
gow, Scotland, which formerly got Its
supplies from northern Europe.
Italians who have become natural
ized in Switzerland are liable to mili
tary lorvico In both countries.
On the surface submarines derive
their motive power from oil or petrol:
submerged, they are driven by elec
U icily.
King Ferdinand ot Bulgaria 1 an en
thusiastic botanist. His collection of
Alpine plants is considered the most
complete in Europe.
In a short time one will be able to
go from Alaska to Patagonia in a
sleeping car. Already more than 7,000
of the total 12,000 or 13.000 mile of
railroad is In operation.
Id the four Countle Inn, In Eng
land, It Is possible to eat In Leicester
shire, sleep In Staffordshire, drink in
Warwickshire and smoke In Derby
shire without leaving the building.
David Lloyd-George believes that
every able-bodied Englishman should
be working for his country, either at
home In the making of war material
or In the trenches fighting the enemy.
For this reason the "Strong Man of
England" will no longer employ men
In his household. His present chauf
feur Is a MIbs Marsh, with whom he U
well satisfied.
Snow of Yesteryear.
"No, you're right ther" ain't as
much of It, an' It don't lay as long
an' what' more dang me. If tt'
even as white a it uster be!"
Judge.
Not After the Best
"She says she wouldn't marry the
best man on earth.' Plenty of girls say
that Idle talk, eh?"
"Oh. I don't know. Some girl mean
It Some of them are looking for
wealth." Louisville Courier-JournaL
A Heartless Wretch.
Wife Here Is an article In this
magazine on "How Men Propose." Do
you remember how you proposed to
met
Husband Not exactly; but It muaf
have been In the dark by mistake.