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About The Maupin times. (Maupin, Or.) 1914-1930 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 10, 1915)
President Wilson Reads Message to 64th Congress WASHINGTON, D. C Following Is President Wilson's address to the Joint session of Congress, which met Mon day at noon in the 60th convention: Gentlemen of the Congress; Since I last had the privilege of ad&reitinff you on the tate of the Union the war of nations on the other side of the sea, which had then only begun to disclose its portentous pro portions, has extended Its threatening and slnlater scope until It has swept within' Us flame some portion of every quarter of the globe, not excepting our own hemisphere, has altered the whole face of International affairs and now presents a prospect of re organization and reconstruction such as statesmen and peoples have never toeen called upon to attempt before. We have stood apart, studiously neutral. It was our manifest duty to do so. Not only did we have no part or interest in the policies which seem to have brought the conflict on; it was necessary, if a universal catastrophe was to be avoided, that a limit should be set to the sweep of destructive war that some part of the great family of nations should keep the processes of peace alive, If only to prevent collective economic ruin and the breakdown throughout the world of the Industries by which its popu lations are fed and sustained. It wai man ifestly the duty of the self-governed natloni of this hemisphere to redreis, If possilble, the balance of economic loss and confusion In the other, If they could do nothing more. In the day of readjustment and recuperation we earnestly hope and believe that they can be of Infinite service. In this neutrality, to which they were bidden not only by their separate life end their habitual detachment from the policies of Europe, but also by a clear perception of International duty,- the states of America have become conscious of a new and more vital community of Interest and moral part nership In affairs, more clearly conscious of the many common sympathies and inter ests and duties which bid them stand to gether. Attitude Toward Neighbors Unselfish. There was a time in the early days of our own great Nation and of the republics fight ing their way to Independence in Central and South America when the Government of. m unuea ma tea luuiiea upon linen ns 111 some sort the guardian of the republics to the south of her as against any encroach ments or efforts at political control from the other side of the water; felt it its duty to play the part even without Invitation from them; and I think that we can claim that the task -was undertaken with a true and disinterested enthusiasm for the freedom of the Americas and the unmolested self government of her independent peoples. But It was always difficult to maintain such a role without offense to the pride of the peo pies whose freedom of action we sought to protect, and without provoking serious mis conceptions of our motives, and every thoughtful man of affairs must welcome the altered circumstances of the new day in whose light we now stand, when there Is no claim of guardianship or thought of wards, but, Instead, a full and honorable association as of partners between ourselves and our neighbors, In the Interest of all America, north and south. Our concern for the In dependence and prosperity of the states of Central and tioutn America is not aiterea. We have been put to the test In the case of Mexico, and we have stood the test. Whether we have benefited Mexico by the course we have pursued remains to be seen. Her fortunes are In her own hands. But we have at least proved that we will not take advantage of her in her distress and under take to lmDOBe upon ner an order ana gov ernment of our own choosing. Liberty Is often a fierce and intractable thing, to wnici no bounds can be set, and to which no bounds of a few men's choosing ought ever to be set. Every American who has drunk at the true fountains or principle and tra dltlon must subscribe without reservation to the high doctrine of the VWInla BUI of Eights, which In the great q s in which our Government was set umYwas every where amongst us accepted as e creed of free men. That doctrine is, ,n it govern ment Is, or ought to be, lnstlt V d for the common benefit, protection and curity of the people, nation, or community"; that "of all the various modes and forms of government that is the best which is capa ble of producing the greatest degree of hap piness and eafety, and is most effectually secured against the danger of maladminis tratlon: and that, when any government shall be found Inadequate or contrary to these nurooses. a majority of the com m unity hath an Indubitable, Inalienable, and indefeasible right to reform, alter abolish It, in such manner as shall be judged most conducive to the public weal." We have unhesitatingly applied that herolr principle to the case of Mexico, and now hopefully await the rebirth of the troubled republic, which naa so mucn 01 wnicn purge Itself and so little sympathy from any outside quarter In the radical but necessary process. Pan-Americanism la Defined. The moral Is, that the states of America are not hostile rivals but co-operating friends, and that their growing sense of community of interest, alike in matters po litical and In matters economic. Is likely tfl give them a new significance as factors In International affairs and in the political hlstorv of the world. It -presents them In a very deep and true sense a unit in world affairs, spiritual partners, standing together because thinking together, quick with unmmnn flvmnathles and common Jdeals. Separated they are subject to all the ormi (tiirrentii of the conrusea policies oi wmiri nf hostile rivalries: united in spirit and purpose they cannot be disappointed of their peaceful destiny. This Is pan-Amerlcanlsm. It has none of trie spirit of empire in It. It is the em bodiment, the effectual embodiment, of the spirit of law and independence and liberty and mutual service. A very notable body of men recently met In the City of Washington, at the Invitation Dim no uin guwoio ui una v v. deliberations are likely to be looked back to as marking a memorable turning point in the history of America. They were repre ontativa annirPHmon nf thm several lnde pendent states of this hemisphere aVd were amhiaii tn A Julias tne financial ana com medial relations of the republics of the two continents which nature and political fnrtiina hnv in intimately linked togeiner. I earnestly recommmend to your perusal the reports of their proceedings and of the ac tions of their committees. You will get from thm I think, a fresh conception ot the east and intelligence and advantage with which Americans of both continents may draw together in practical co-operation and of what the material foundations of this hopeful partnership of interest must conBlit of how we should build them and of how necessary it Is that we should hasten their founding. Great Democracies Not Belligerent, No one who really comprehends the spirit of the great people for whom we are ap pointed to apeak can fall to perceive that their passion is for peace, their genius best displayed in the practice of the arts of peace. Great democracies are not belliger erent. They do not seek or desire war. Their thought is of individual liberty and of the free labor that supports life and the uncensored thought that quickens it. Con quest and dominion are not in our reckon ing, or agreeable to our principles. But Just because we demand unmolested de velopment and the undisturbed government of eur own lives upon our own principles of right and liberty, we resent, from what ever quarter It may come, the aggression we ourselves will not practice. We insist upon security In prosecuting our self-chosen lines Or National ueveimnui. uw than that. We demand It also for others. We do not confine our enthusiasm for in dividual liberty and free National develop ment to the incidents and movements of af fairs which affect only ourselves. Out of such thoughts grow all our poli cies We regard war merely as a means of asserting the rights of a people against aggresssion. And we are as fiercely Jealous of coercive or dictatorial power within our "wu uauon as 01 aggression rrom without. We will not maintain a standing army ex cept for uses which are as necessary in times of peace as in times of war; and we nau aiwayi see to it that our military peace establishment is no la r it pi- than is actually and continuously needed for the uses of days in which no enemies move against us. But we do believe in a body of free citiaens ready and sufficient to take care or tnemseives and of the governments which they have set up to serve them. In our constitutions themselves we have com manded that "the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be Infringed," and our confidence has ben that our safety In times of danger would lie in the rising of the Nation to take care of Itself, as the farmers rose at Lexington. But war has never been a mere matter of men and guns. It Is a thing of disciplined mignt. II our citizens are ever to fight effectively upon a sudden summons, they must know how modern fiKhtlns: la done. and what to do when the summons comes to render themselves immediately available and Immediately effective. And the Gov ernment must be their servant in this mat ter, must supply them with the training they need to take care of themselves and of it. The military arm of their Govern ment, which they will not allow to direct them, they may -properly use to serve them and make their Independence secure and not their own Independence merely but the rights also of those with whom they have made common cause, should they also b put in jeopardy. They must be fitted to play the great role In the world, and par ticularly In this hemisphere, for which they are qualified by principle and by chastened ambition to play. Immediate Defense Flans Outlined. It Is with these Ideals In mind that the plans ot the Department of War tor more adequate National defense were conceived which will be laid before you, and which i urge you to sanction and put Into effect as soon as they can be properly scrutinised and discussed. They seem to me the essential first steps and they seem to me for the present sufficient. They contemplate an Increase of the standing force of the Regular Army from Us present strength of 6023 officers and 102.886 enlisted men of all services to i strength of 7186 officers and 134,707 en listed men, or 141,848 ail told, an services rank and file, by the addition of 62 com panles of coast artillery, 15 companies of engineers, ten regiments of infantry, four regiments of field artillery, and four aero squadrons, besides 760 officers required for a great variety of extra service, especially the ill-important duty of training the cm ten force of which I shall presently speak, 7tt2 non-commissioned officers for service In drill, recruiting and the like, and the neces sary ouota of enlisted men for the Quarter master Corps, tne hospital corps, tne uru nance Department and other similar auxil iary services. These are the additions neces sary to render the Army adequate for its present duties duties which It has to per form not only upon our own continental coasts and borders and at our Interior Army posts, but also in the Philippines. In the Hawaiian Islands, at the Itnmus, ana in Porto Rico Ttv wnv nf makine the country ready to assert some part of its real power promptly and upon a larger scale, should occasion arise, the plan also contemplates supple menting the Army by a force of 400,000 disciplined citizens, raised In increment of 133.000 a year throughout a perioa oi uirw years. This It is proposed to do by a process of enlistment under which the serviceable men of the country wouia ue astiea xo imhu thenselves to serve with the colors for pur-, poses of training for short periods through-. out three years, and to come to the colors at call at any time throughout an additional "furlough" perioa or. inree years. in of 400,000 men would be provided with per sonal accoutrements as fast as enlisted and their equipment for the field made ready to be supplied at any time, may wouia ue assembled for training at stated intervals at convenient places in association with suitable units of the Regular Army. Their Derlod of annual training would not neces sarily exceed two months In the year. At least so mucn my wj ui for defense seems to me to be absolutely Imperative now. We cannot do less. Navy Programme Similarly Conceived. TYi a nmffPOmmA which Will be laid before you by the Secretary of the Navy la similar ly conceived. It involves only a shortening of the time within which plans long ma tuned shall be carried out; but it does make definite and explicit a programme which has heretofore been only implicit, held in the minds of the committee on navai ai fairs and dleclosed in the debates of the two houses, but nowhere formulated or for mally adopted. It seems to me very clear that It will be to the advantage of the country for the Congress to adopt a com prehensive plan for putting tne wavy upun a final footing of strength and efficiency and to press that plan to completion within the next five years. We have aiwayi looked to the Navy of th country as our firet and chief line of defense; we have always seen it to be our manifest course of pru dence to be strong on the seas. Tear by year we have been creating a Navy which now ranks very high Indeed among the navlee of the maritime nations. We should now definitely deetrmine how we shall com plete what we have begun, and how soon. The programme to be laid before you con templates the construction within five years of 10 battleships, S battle cruisers, 10 scout cruisers, 50 destroyers, 15 fleet submarines, 85 coast submarines, 4 gunboats, 1 hospital ship, 2 ammunition ships, 2 fuel oil ships and 1 repair ahip. It Is proposed that ot this number we shall the first year pro vide for the construction of 2 battleships, 2 battle cruisers, 3 scout cruisers, 15 destroy Ara. R flout submarines. 25 coast submarines, 2 gunboats and 1 hospital ship; the second vear. 2 battleships. 1 scout cruiser, 10 de stroyers 4 fleet submarines. 16 coast sub marines, 1 gunboat and 1 fuel oil ship; the third year, 2 battleships, i Datue cruiser, 2 scout cruisers, & destroyers, 2 fleet sub marines and 16 coast submarines; the fourth vear. 2 battleships. 2 battle cruisers, 2 scout cruisers, 10 destroyers, 2 fleet submarines, 15 coaBt submarines, 1 ammunition ship and l fuel oil shin: and the fifth year. 2 battle ships. 1 battle cruiser. 2 scout cruisers, 10 ri-AittrnvAra. t fleet submarine. IB coast sub' marines, 1 gunboat, 1 ammunition ship and 1 repair ship. The Secretary of the Navy Is asking also for the immediate addition to the personnel of the Navy of 7500 sailors, 260O apprentice seamen and 1500 marines. , This increase would be sufficient to care for the ships which are to be completed within the fiscal year 1917 and also for the number of men which must be put in training to man the snips which will be completed eany in isis. It Is also neceesarv that the number of mid- shlomen at the Naval Academy at Annapolis should be Increased by at least 200 in order that the force of officers should be mors rapidly added to; and authority Is asked to appoint, for engineering duties only, ap proved graduates of engineering colleges, and for service in the aviation corps a cer tain number of men taken from civil life. If this full programme should be carried out we should have built or building in 1921, according to the estimates of survival and standards of classification followed by the General Board of the Department, an effective Navy consisting of 27 battleships, of the first line; battle cruisers, 25 battle ships of th-e second line; 10 armored cruis ers, 13 scout cruisers, fr first-class cruisers, 3 second-class cruisers, 10 third-class cruisers, 108 destroyers, IB fleet submarines, 167 coast submarines, I monitors, 20 gunboats, tour supply ships, 15 fuel ships, 4 transports, 1 tenders to torpeao vessels, vessels oi spe cial types, and two ammunition ships. This would be a Navy fitted to our needs and worthy of our traditions. Merchant Marine Indispensable, But armies and Instrument of war afe only part of what has to be considered if we are to consider the supreme matter of Na tional self-sufficiency and security in all its aspects. There are other great matters which win be thrust upon our attention Sugar Issue Is Serious. San Joan With the largest sugar crop in the island's history to be har vested, and with the grinding season barely a month away, sugar men are facine a serious labor trouble. A gen eral demand is being made by Santiago Iffesias. head of the local labor organ ization and representative in Porto Rico of the American federation of bor, for an eight-hour day and a dollar wage for all agricultural laborers, bo far only one sugar mill, Guanica Cen tral, at Ensenada. has commenced grinding. Colorado Drys Win Out. Denver The authority of Colorado to enact and enforce state-wide pro hibition was upheld by the State Su preme court in a unanimous opinion. The court held that cities governed un . der special charter were without au thority to continue traffic in Intoxicat ing liquors after January 1, 1916, when the state-wide prohibition becomes ef fective. George Q. Richmond, deputy city attorney, who had charge of Den ver's case, stated the city commission- whether we will or not. There is, for ex ample, a very pressing question of trade and shipping Involved in this great problem of National adequacy. It Is necessary for many weighty reasons of National efficiency and development that we should have a great merchant marine. The great merchant fleet we once used to make us rich, that groat body of sturdy sailors who used to carry our flag into every sea, and who were tne pride and often the bulwark of the Nation, we have almost driven out of ex istence by Inexcusable neglect and Indiffer ence and by a hopelessly blind and pro vincial policy of so-called economlo protec tion. It le high time we repaired our mis take and resumed our commercial Inde pendence on the seas. For it Is a Question of Independence. If other nations go to war or seek to hamper each other's commerce, our merchants, it seems, are at their mercy, to do with as they please. We must use their ships, and use them u they determine. We have not ships enough of our own. We cannot handle our own commerce on the seas. Our Independ ence le provincial, and is only on land and within our own borders. We are not likely to be permitted to use even the shins of other nations in rivalry of their own trade, and are without means) to extend our com merce ven where the doors are wide open and our goods are desired. Such a position is not to be endured. It Is of capital Impor tance not only that the United States should be its own carrier on the seas and enjoy the economic Independence which only an adequate merchant marine would give It, but also that the American hemisphere as a whole should enjoy a like lndependsnoe and self-sufflency. if It Is not to h A rn.wn into the tangle, of European affairs. With out such independence the whole question of our political unity and self-determina tion is very seriously clouded and complicat ed indeed. Moreover, we can develon nn trim or ef fective Amrlcan policy without ships of our uwn not snips or war, out ships of peace, carrying goods and earrylng much more: creatine: frlendshlns and rendering Indis pensable services to all interests on this side the water. They must move constantly back and forth between the Americas. They are the only shuttles that can weave the aencate fabric of sympathy, comprehension, confidence and mutual deoendence In which we wish to clothe our policy of America for Americans. The task of building up an adequate mer chant marine for America private capital muse ultimately undertake and achieve. It has undertaken and achieved every other nice lasic amongst us in the past, with ad mirable enterprise. Intelligence and vigor; and It seems to me a manifest dictate of wisdom that we should promptly remove every legal obstacle that may stand In the way of this much-to-be-deslred revival of our old Independence and should facilitate in every possible way the building:, nurchase. and American registration of ships. But cap ital cannot accomplish this arreat task of sudden. It must embark upon it by degrees, as ine opportunities or trade develop. Some thing must be done at once; done to open routes and develop opportunities where they are as yet undeveloped done to open the ar terlea of trade where the currents have not yet learned to run especially between the two American continents, where they are. sin gularly enough, yet to be created and quick ened; and it is evident that only the Gov ernment can undertake such beginnings and assume the Initial financial risks. When the risk has passed and private capital begins to find Its way in sufficient abundance Into these new channels, the Government may withdraw. Ship Purchase Flan Declared Urgent. With a view to meeting these pressing ne-' cessltles of our commerce and availing our selves at the earliest possible moment of the present unparalleled opportunity of Unk ing the two Americas together in bonds of mutual Interest and service, an opportunity which may never return again If we miss It now, proposals will toe made to the pres ent Congress for the purchase or construction of ships to be owned and directed by the Government similar to those made to the last Congress, but modified In some essential par ticulars. I recommmend these proposals to you for your prompt acceptance with the more confidence because every month that has elapsed since the former proposals were made has made the necessity for such action more and more manifestly Imperative. That need was then foreseen; it is now acutely felt and everywhere realized by those for whom trade Is waiting, but who can find no conveyance for their goods, I am not so much interested in the particulars of the programme as I am in taking immediate advantage of the great opportunity which awaits us if we will but act n this emer gency. In this matter, as In all others, a spirit of common counsel should prevail, and out of it should come an early solution or tnia pressing proDiem. There is another matter which seems to me to he very Intimately associated with the question of National safety and preparation for defense. That is our policy towards the Philippines and the people of Porto Rico Our treatment of them and their attitude towards us are manifestly of the first con sequence In the development of our duties In the world and in getting a free hand to perform those duties. We must be free from every unnecessary burden or embarrassment and there Is no better way to be clear of em barrassment than to fulfill our promises and promote the interests of those dependent on us to trie utmost. mils for the alteration and reform of the government of the Phil- lpplnea and for rendering fuller political Justice to the people of Porto Rico were sub mitted to the 63d Congress. They will be submitted also to you. 1 need not particu larize thir details. Tou are most of you already familiar with them. But I do rec ommend them to your early adoption with the sincere conviction that there are few measures you could adopt which would aiore serviceably clear the way for the great poli cies by -which we wish to make good, now and always, our right to lead in enterprises of peace and good will and economic and po litical freedom. The plans for the armed forces of the Nation which I have outlined and for the general policy of adequate preparation for mobilization and defense, Involve of course very large additional expenditures of money expenditures which will considerably ex ceed the estimated revenues of the Govern ment. It Is made my duty by law, when ever the estimates of expenditure exceed the estimates of revenue, to call the attention of the Congress to the fact and suggest any means of meeting the deficiency that it may be wise or possible for me to suggest. I am ready to believe that It would be my duty to do so in any case; and I feel partic ularly bound to speak of the matter when it appears that the deficiency will arise directly out of the adoption by the Congress of meas ures which I myself urge It to adopt. Allow me, therefore, to speak briefly of the present state of the Treasury and of the fiscal problems which the next year will probably disclose. Additional Revenue Required. On the 30th of June last there was an available balance In the general fund of the Treasury or 1U4,17U,1U5.?H. Tne total esti mated receipts fir the year 1016, on the as sumption that the emergency revenue meas ure passed by the last Congress will not be extended beyond its present limit, the 81st of December, 1915, and that the present duty of 1 cent per pound on sugar will be fllscon tlnued after the 1st of Hay, 1910, will be $670,365,500. The balance of June last and these estimated revenues come, therefore, to a grand total of 774,&35ieurj.78. The total estimated disbursements for the present fiscal year, Including $25,000,000 for the Panama Canal, $12,000,000 for probable deficiency ap propriations, and 50,000 for miscellaneous debt redemptions, will be 1753,891,000; and the balance In the general fund of the Treasury will be reduced to $20,644. 605.78. The emergency revenue aet, if continued be yond it present time Ilmtatlon, would pro duce, during the half year then remaining, about 141,000,000. The duty of 1 cent per pound of sugar, if continued, would produce during the two months of the fiscal year remaining after tne rirst or May, aoout io.- 000,000. These two sums, amounting to gether to $56,000,000, If added to the reve nues of the second half of the fiscal year, would yield the Treasury at the end of the year an available balance of $70,044,008.78. The additional revenues required to carry out the programme of military nnd naval preparation of which I have spoken, would, as at present estimated, be for the fiscal year 1U1T, $U8.bUO,4MM. These figures, taken with the figures for the present fiscal year which I have already given, disclose our financial problem for the year 1917. Assuming that the taxes imposed by the emergency revenue act and the present duty on sugar are to be discontinued, and that the balance at the close of the present fiscal year wilt be only $20,644,600.78, that the disbursements for the Panama canal win again be about iw.- 000,000, and that the additional expenditures nr the Army and Navy are authorized by the Congress, the deficit In the general fund of the Treasury on the 80th of June, 1917, will be nearly 235,000,000. To IhLs sum at least $50,000,000 should be added to represent e safe working balance for the Treasury, and $12,000,000 to Include the usual deficiency estimates In 1917; and these additions would make a total deficit of some $297,000,000', If the present taxes should be continued throughout this year and the next, however there would be a balance in the Treasury of some $16,500,000 at the end of the present riscal year ana a deficit at the end of tne next year of only some $50,000,000, or, reck oning in $02,000,000 for deficiency approprla turns and a safe Treasury balance at the end of the year, a total deficit of some 112, 000,000. The obvious moral of the figures Is that It is a plain counsel of prudence to con tinue all of the present taxes or their equiv alents, and confine ourselves to the problem of providing $112,000,000 of new revenue rather than $297,000,000, Internal Taxation Preferred to Bonds. CREW OF CHINESE WARSHIP IN MUTINY FIRES ON OTHER SHIPS Shanghai The crew of the Chinese cruiser Chao-ho mutinied Sunday and opened fire on two other warships and the arsenal. The fire was returned, the engagement lasting an hour. Sev eral shots fell in the foreign conces sions. Apparently the outbreak has been confined to the Chao-ho. Conflicting accounts of the nature of the outbreak are current. It appears, however, that at 2 p. m. Sunday, 20 men set forth from the foreign settle ment in a launch and went alongside the Chao ho, which was lying opposite the Kian-Nan arsenal. On the arrival of the launch the crew of the Chao-ho mutined, appar ently, by prearrangement. At about 6 o'clock the mutineers opened fire on the arsenal, on the cruiser Hai-Chi and the Tune-Chine. The Hai Chi and Tung Ching replied and there was lively cannonading of light and heavy guns for an hour. At least half dozen three-pound shells fell CAPT. FRANZ VON PAPEN SEIZED AMERICAN SHIPS MAY BE CONVERTED TO BRITISH USE first Steps Will Be Decided on Trip Across Atlantic Washington, D. C The State de partment Wednesday made formal rep resentations to the foreign office of London concerning reports that vessels belonging to the Amercan Trans-Atlantic company were about to be requisitioned by the British admiralty. In diplomatic parlance the communi cation is known as a request for in formation concerning the facts, be cause all of the data in the possession of the department were presented by the owners nf the vessels. While the statements are accepted as true, the I department desires to have the British P.. 1 : n . l i .i Ti ; s uiiin vermeil ov Lne rureiirn uiiicb. The communication in effect amounts Kany lOilSIStS 01 14U FfifSOnS. and to ft protest ana notice tnat tne unitea States will not tolerate such high handed methods. In the event that Great Britain admits that she purposes to take steps to requisition the ships, the communictaion will be . followed immediately by a sharp protest against the entire procedure. How shall we obtain the new revenue? We are frequently reminded that there are many mllllona ot bonds which the Treasury is authorized under existing law to sell to reimburse the sum paid out ot current reve nues for the construction of the Panama Canal; and it Is true that bonds to the amount of approximately 1222,000,000 are now available for that purpose. Prior to 1913 $184, 631,980 of these bonds had actually been sold to recoup the expenditures at the isth mus; and now constitute a considerable item of the public debt. But I, for one, do not believe that the people of this country ap prove of postponing the payment of their bills. Borrowing money le short-sighted fin an co. It can be Justified only when per manenl things are to 'be accomplished which many generations will certlnly benefit by and which It seems hardly fair that a single generation should pay for. The objects we are now proposing to spend money for can not be so classified, except in the sense that everything wisely done may be said to be done in the interest of posterity as well as in our own. It seems to me a clear dictate of prudent statesmanship and frank finance that 'in what we are now, I hope, about to undertake we should pay as we go. 'ine people of the country are entitled to know Just .what burdens of taxation they are to carry, and to know from the outset, now. The new bills should be paid by internal tax ation. To what sources, then, shall we turn? This Is so peculiarly a question which the gentlemen of the House of Representatives are expected under tne uonsmuuon io yru pose an answer to that you will hardly ex pect me to do more than discuss it In very general terms. We should be following an almost universal example of modern govern, ments if we were to draw the greater part or even the whole of the revenues we need from the income taxes, By somewhat lower ing the present limits of exemption and the figure at which the surtax shall begin to be imposed and by increasing, step toy step throughout tne present graduation, tne ui tax itself, the income taxes as at present apportioned would yield sums sufficient to balance the books of the Treasury at the end of the fiscal year 11)17 without anywhere making the' burden unreasonably or op pressively heavy. The precise reckonings are fully and accurately set out In the report of the Secretary of the Treasury which will be immediately laid beiore you. And there are many additional sources of revenue which can justly be resorted to without hampering the industries of the country or putting any too great charge upon individual expenditure. A tax of 1 cent per gallon on gasoline and naptha would yield, at the present estimated production, $10, 000,000; a tax of 60 cents per horse power on automobiles and internal explosion en gines 115,000,000; a stamp tax on bank cheques, probably $18,000,000; a tmt of 26 cents per ton on pig iron, $10,000,000; a tax of 25 cents per ton on fabricated Iron and steel, probably flO.000,000. In a country of tnAtrm iikn this it ousht to be easy to distribute the burdens of taxation without making them anywhere bear too heavily or ..ni..Divatv nnnn anv one set of nersons iindertaklnKS. What Is clear is. that the industrv of this generation should pay the bills of this generation. No Immediate Danger In Blind. t havA SDOken to you today, gentlmen, upon a single theme, the thorough prep aration of the Nation to care for its own security and to mane sure oi enure nee tn niav tha lmDartlal role in thle benr isphere and in the world whioh we all be i tn h v been providentially assigned to it. I have had in my mind no thought nt nv immediate oF'narticu ar danger aris tne- nut nf our relations wun ouiwr ubuu. We are at peace with all the nations of the world, and there Is reason to hope that no question in controversy between this ana other governments wm ieaa o any ortwu breach of amicable relations, grave as some differences of attitude and policy have b&en and mav vet turn out to be. I am sorry to say that the gravest inreata against ui National peace and eafety have been ut tered within our own borders. There are ritixAtii of the United States. I blush to ad mlt, born under other flags but welcomed under our generous naturalisation laws to the full freedom and opportunity of Amerca, who have poured the poison of disloyalty into the verv arteries of our National life rho have sought to bring the authority and srood name of our uovernment into con tempt, to destroy our industries wherever they thought it effective tor their vindictive purposes to strike at them, and to debase our politics to the uses ot foreign intrigue. Their number Is not great as compared with the whole number of those sturdy hosts by which our Nation has been enriched in re cent srenerations out of virile foreign stocks: but It is great enough to have brought deep dlflzrace UDon us and to have made it neces sary that we should promptly make use of processes of law by which we may be purged of their corrupt distempers. America nevr witnessed anything like this before. While we speak of the preparation of the Nation to make sure of her security and her effective power we must not fall Into the patent error of supposing that her real strength comes from armaments and mere safeguards of written law. It comes, of course, from hr people, their energy, their success in their undertakings, their free opportunity to use the natural resources of our great home land and of the lands out side our continental borders which look to us for protection, for encouragement, and for assistance In their development; from the organization and freedom and vitality ot our economlo life, The domestic questions which engaged the attention of the last Congress are more vital to the Nation in this It time of test than at any other time. We cannot adequately make ready for any trial of our strength unless we wisely and promptly direct the force of our laws Into these all-important fields of domestic action. For what we are seeking now, what In my mind Is the single thought of this message, le National efficiency and security. We serve a great Nation. We should serve it in the spirit of its peculiar genius. It is the genius of common men for self-government, industry, justice, liberty and peace. We should see to it that it lacks no instru ment, no facility or vigor of law, to make It sufficient to play Its part with energy, safety and assured success, in this we are no partisans but heralds and prophets of a new age. L ..." N. " L .4 FORD PEACE SHIP SAILS FOR EUROPE NEUTRAL COUNTRIES WILL BE VISITED Includes 54 Reporters Three "Movie" Men On Board. CAPT. WILLIAM S. SIMS Capt. Franz von Papen, military at tache of the Germay embassy in Wash' ington, whose recall is asked by the State department in the foreign concessions. The city and country-side were thrown into panic. After the firing ceased the Cha-ho remained at anchor, keeping watch on the other warships. Pekin The government announces that it has received a telegram from General Yang at Shanghai saying that the Chinese cruiser Chao-ho has been recaptured from its crew, which mu tined Sunday night and opened fire on two other warships and the Kaing-Nan arsenal. It is said that a rebel land move ment against the arsenal was repulsed and that peace has been restored. 1800 Claims Admitted. Ardmore, Okla. With the expira tion of the time limit for filing claims for arbitration of damages growing out of the gasoline explosion here Sep tember 27, it was learned that approx imately 1800 claims, totaling more than $750,000, have been adjusted out of court by the local arbitration com mittee and representatives of the Atchison, Topeka & Sana Fe Railway company. Responsibility for the ex plosion was assumed by the railway company to obviate the delays and ex pense of court action. Clarke Is for Ship Bill. Washington, D. C. Prospects for the administration merchant marine bill at the coming session of congress were enhanced when it became known that Senator Clarke, of Arkansas, who led the Democratic revolt against the ship purchase bill in the last session, looked with favor on the new ship bill proposed by government heads. Sen ator Clarke let it be known that he would not oppose the new merchant marine measure drafted after confer ences between Secretaries McAdoo and Redfield New York The Scandinavian-Amer ican line steamer Oskar II sailed from its pier in Hoboken at 2 p. m. Satur day, carrying 140 persons who, as guests of Henry Ford, the Detroit manufacturer, are going to Europe in an effort to induce neutral nations to take step towards stopping the war. Mr, ford's guests include 63 persona directly interested in the peace move ment, 64 reporters for newspapers and magazines, three moving-picture men and 20 employes of Mr. Ford's person al staff. The party, designated by Mr. Ford as the peace expedition, Is due to reach Christiana, Norway, its first stopping place, about December 14. The only other stopping places already decided on are Stockholm, Sweden; Copen hagen, Denmark, and The Hague, Hol land. It is probable, Mr. Ford said. that the party will visit other Europe an capitals aB the progress of the peace plan seems to require. Mr. Dord received William J. Bryan, ex-secretary of state, who ar rived from Miami, Fla., to talk about the trp. Mr. Bryan issued a statement re peating his former assertion that he approved of Mr. Ford's plans and that he would later join the party at The Hague. "When you arrive in Europe what Capt. William 8. 81ms, U. 8. N., will will be your first steps to carry out command the great battleship Nevada, your plans to co-operate with the neu- whlch recently underwent her trial tral nations toward stopping the Eu- teitt off Rookland, Me. In the event that the unofficial ad vices should be verified or any attempt made on the part of Great Britain to use an American vessel it is believed the action would precipitate a aitua- ropean war?" Mr. Ford waB asked. "This is a point that we will consid er on the way across the ocean," Mr. Ford replied. We have not decided upon any definite steps yet. All we know is that the fighting nations are sick of war, that they tion much more grave than any that wnt.t0 8top Bn.t?,a' th? ,are has confronted this government In its rrJ r " " - dealings with Downing street, The law experts of the department are unacquainted with any precedent, or any theory of law or reason that would support Buch a course. They step in and offer mediation. Some people in this world have seen fit to be skeptical about the success of our plans, but when we return I think they will change their views. Any action nuuiu duuuvii DiiLit n uniiDD, Attn. . , , . . , appear to believe that Great Britain is taken toward peace is worthy of sup- pressed for ships just at present and port, if the action .s based on good that she would be assisted greatly bv Jent and conv.ction." using American vessels, pending the ..,., n , lira ma uemanus neurn of German Embassy Attaches adjudication of their cases before prize courts. Italy Now Pushing Against Austrian front at Three Points Washington, D. C. Immediate withdrawal of Captain Karl Boy-Ed and Captain Franz von Papen, respec- London-With the retreat of the Uvely naval and mUitary attaches of greater part of the Serbian army across the Albanian frontier, the Blow' ness of the operations against Monte' negro and in Southern Serbia, owing the German embassy, has been request ed by the State department. In making formal announcement of this action, Secretary Lansing said the Porto Ricans Aroused. New York News reached here from San Juan, Porto Rico, that the public is much exercised over the coming electrocution at Sing Sing prison of Antonio Ponton, said to be the first Porto Rican ever convicted of murder outside of the island. Ponton was con demned to die December 20 for the murder of Bessie Eromer, a school teacher. Petitions signed by thous ands of Porto Rieans Including many school children, are on their way to this country in the custody of Father Echavarria, a Porto Rican priest. Ireland More Populous. Dublin The latest census figures for Ireland show an increasing popula tion. This, for Ireland, is an agree able novelty. For the quarter ended September 80 last, the number of births in Ireland was 27,779, a rate of 20.8 per thousand, and the deaths 14, 670, a rata of 13.4 per thousand. There were only 3611 emigrants, so that the net increase is 9598. It is the derceace in emigration which turned the scale. The situation might be more era would accept the Supreme court's i satisfactory were it not for the heavy ruling. death rate of children under one year. Bryan Cited in Libel Suit. Mew i oak William J. Bryan was served at the Biltmore hotel with an order signed by Justice Ciegerich re quiring him to appear to be examined about transactions connected with the sale by the United States to Greece of two battleships. Mr. Bryan will be asked whether any secrets of fire con trol, aiming or other control of gun or war vessel sold by the United States to Greece were confided to Greece. The order was obtained in connection with a libel suit brought by Petros Tatanis against a Greek newspaper. Appropriation Held Down. Washington, D C The fact that the secretary of treasury recommends an appropriation for only $160,000 to begin the construction of the new Port land postoffice indicates the depart ment's belief that two years will be required to finish the building which will probably be begun in February. An appropriation of $150,000 was made last session and this will be used to meet fint payments, but with the amount now asked this will be only half the authorized cost of the structure. Federal Probe Proves Fatal. New York The Federal prosecution of the New York, New Haven & Hart ford and its directors accomplished the "practical ruin" of that railroad,, in the opinion of Charles S. Mellen, at the trial of former directors of the road on the charge of criminal viola tion of the Sherman law. It was from fear, he said, that this would be the result of the inquiry into New Haven affairs that he got Lewis C. Ledyard to see President Taft and the attorney general, and induce them to limit the inquiry to the Grand. Trunk deal. Serbian Army Re-forming. Paris "Better days for Serbia are coming soon," says the former minis ter at Paris and recently appointed Serbian minister of finance, in an in terview in tne Temps. "(Jur army which has been retiring for two full months without respite, is re-forming. The retirement was forced because the allies were not ready with sufficient troops. These troops are now landing. They will have the co-operation of the Serbian army of 200,000. We shall again and again have victories such as those of last December." Wheat Jumps 6 Cents. Chicago Under the impetus of im mense buying on the part of big houses, wheat prices gained more than 5 cepts a bushel in some cases just be fore the close Saturday, as compared with prices earlier in the day. De cember wheat closed at $1,161. Re ports that Canadian wheat could be sold only to Great Britain or her allies were circulated, and there were Phila delphia reports of an immense foreign business in flour and wheat. Two Passenger Trains Hit. St. Louis A fireman was killed, several were injured seriously and more than a score of passengers suf fered minor injuries in a head-on col lision between two passenger trains of the Illinois Central lines at Lenzburg, 111., 25 miles southeast of here, Tues day. About 150 other passengers were badly shaken up. The accident was caused, it is declared, by a switch improperly set. Navy Ships Called Home. Washington, D. C All ships of the United States navy not on special service in foreign waters will be in their home ports on Christmas Day, and as many of the men and officers as possible will have holiday shore leave. Orders were issued requiring the ves sels to report to home ports December 20 and remain until January 6. . More Pay for Soldiers Urged. Berlin, via London Representa tives of the Centrium party have intro duced in the budget committee of the Reichstag providing for a 60 per cent increase in the pay of German soldiers. Privates in the German army now re ceive 30 pfennigs (7 cents) a day. tn thA wintrv wButhnr. nrt thn h- attacnes naa rendered tnemseives per- n. nf nv ttminr nnBratinnB on the 8ria on grata to the United States by western and eastern fronts, interest in improper activities in connection with the military side of the war is now navaI a"d military matters, which was transferred to the Austro-Italian fron- 8h0wn by evidence in the trial of the tinr Thn Kinr Victor F.mnmiBl'n Hamburg-American omciais lor con- troops are carrying on an energetic spiracy against the United States in offensive against the Austrians. New York. The fighting on this front has been The secretary acted with the full thA nmi anatninpH unrt firr.it. nf thn approval of President Wilson, who is whole war. For weeks the Italians understood to have determined tnat have been attacking the Austrian the United States shall be nd of fore bridgeheads and mountain positions, Bn offlcial8 who makeL themselves ob along the Isonzo river, and are slowly noxioU8 by activity harmful to the but surely drawing their nets around 0881 mieresia oi mo imnun. Tolmino, Gorizia and Doberdo. ln6 Btate department maae its re- Their attacks have been repeated quest tnree uay ueiuro vuo ywuibl ui Mmo .ftor firm. BTBrW nn.iHnn. W6 JNeW 1 OHC COUrt, tnrOUgnOUnt which had been moBt carefully pre- von Bernstorff, the German ambassa pared, and, while the Austrians report dor. Announcement of the fact was that rnnak nf thB auannlta hnva hoAn withheld as a matter of courtesy to repulsed, their accounts are considered Germany and to prevent the charge here to have been so worded as to pre- UB'"K ' JU'J pare the public for their retirement " warship supply consp rators had in from Gorizia at least. any wav been influenced in reaching a Thin fnr thn t.imn hAinir. in TtHlfa Verdict. contribution to the Balkan "Derations of the allies, for it keeps a large force Greece Presents Bill. of Austrians busy and it compels them Paris Asserting that it has lost continually to bring up reinforcements more than 600,000 francs through the which could be successfully employed nt tem o settiement on inter- against tne Montenegrins and erDians. national poBtal order8 from America, ine sermans, unless louoweu into the Greek government has presented a Albania, in time will probably reap- bm for that amount to the Washing pear as a rejuvenated army, for it is ( mon. it ;. nn,ari th.t said that 250,000 of them, including the American government declines to uge there and that they have saved all their mountain batteries and a portion of their field guns. Governor Declines Invitation, Honolulu In declining an invitation received from Henry Ford to become a member of the party soon to leave New York on a peace mission to Eu rope, Governor L. V. Pinkham sent the following cablegram to Mr. Ford "It would be quite unlawful for me pay. The American government has been paying balances by cnecKS on fans. The Greek government contends it is a loser because of the decline in ex change. 6000 Civil Belgians Slain, Paris The Belgian government an nounces that the total number of civil ians killed in Belgium since its occu pation by the Germans has reached more than 6000. In the province of to absent myself from this mid-Pacific Brabant 897 victims have been re- outpost of the United States. We in corded, and in Liege more than 1000. Hawaii are isolated and we are first ln Luxemburg about 1200 civilians for a complete preparedness which have been reDorted shot, in Namur would anaDie us to place our trust tn more than 1800. and in Hainauit our own nation and not force us to rely upon the good will of others." Federal Income Grows Washington, D. C." Ordinary re ceipts of the United States treasury in November were about $12,000,000 about 300. Figures for Antwerp, Limburg and Flanders are believed to be relatively high. Bigger Navy Yard Wanted. Washington, D. C Secretary Dan- more than in the same month last year, lets, of the navy, has decided to rec- wh lie the increase in ordinary dis- ommend to congress mat an auurouna- bursements for the same period was tion be made to equip the Puget Sound approximately $3,000,000. Most of navy yard so it can enter upon the con- the increase in receipts was in Internal struction of battleships in the near revenue, which totaled $34,466,700. or future. He also win asK tnat anotner more than $10,000,000 above Novem- yard on the Atlantic coast be so equip- ber. 1914. Customs receipts were ped. Bids recently received from pri- $17,681,218, an increase of about vate yards for construction of battle $760,000. The total of ordinary re- ships convinced Mr. Daniels that the eelpts was about $56,000,000. government can build more cheaply.