OPENING OF CANAL
HELPS THE DALLES
The Dalles, county Beat of Wasco
county, has been on the map since the
early daysj of Oregon, but never in
such a pronounced fashion as at pres
ent. Here is the focusing point of
2300 miles of territory embraced with
in the county, and the clearing house
for all the trade that originates in the
wealthy district.
And the city is well able to care for
the business that looks to it, and in
addition its citizens are reaching out
for a more comprehensive market.
Of the 19,000 people who make
Wasco county their home, 6000 reside
within the city, the oldest in Eastern
Oregon, and one which stands in a po
sition for greater development now
that the Dalles-Celilo canal has been
completed. Heretofore it has looked
to a trade zone embraced in the county
and west along the Columbia river.
With the canal completed it is now
possible for it to make itself a center
for up-river markets as well.
With a rich back . country only par
tially developed, The Dalles is bending
its energies to attract more agricul
tural people and at the same time
bring the city to the front as a site for
factories. In this connection the city
offers sites fronting on the Columbia
river and on the railroad lines as well,
with ferry connections with another
great transcontinental Bystem directly
across the stream
Cheap hydro-electric power is avail
able already and in the water if the
Deschutes and John Day are added
thousands of horsepower that can be
made to turn the wheels of industry
when the proper time arrives.
Among the manufacturing indus
tries at present can be numbered two
big flouring mills, from which 500,000
barrels of flour are shipped each year;
a wool scouring mill, creamery, Balmon
cannery, fruit drying plant and in ad
dition a $60,000 fruit canning plant is
now in course of construction.
Within easy distance are 4,000,000,
000 feet of standing timber, which,
with the orchard, field and livestock
products available, offer opportunity
for those who would build industrial
concerns.
Situated as it is where both water
and rail transportation are present,
the shipping problem is easy of solu
tion. Highway Work Outlined.
Salem State Highway Engineer
Cantine, who returned recently from a
trip inspecting the Pacific Highway,
announced that the money apportioned
by the Btate to Jackson county this
year would be expended on a stretch of
road starting at a bisecting thorough
fare which leads to Klamath Falls and
extending to the California line. Mr.
Cantine said the highway was in fine
condition, with the exception of short
stretches in Pass canyon and south of
Canyonville.
"Work on the Siskiyou Mountain
section was started this week," con
tinued the highway engineer, "and it
Boon will be ready for summer traffic.
The section below the California line
also will be made ready for tourist
travel at once. The engineering and
supervision of the work leading from
Central Point to the Josephine county
line has been placed under the super
vision of this office, and I have put
men to work. In Josephine county
the money apportioned by the state
will be used for reconstruction where
necessary."
Corvallit Woman Named.
Salem George Palmer Putnam, pri
vate secretary to Governor Withy
combe, announced that the executive
had appointed Miss Pauline Kline, of
Corvallis, a member of the board of
inspectors of child labor, to become
effective May 21. She will succeed
Henry Kundret, of Portland, who was
appointed In 1905 and reappointed in
1911. The other members are : Mrs.
Millie R. Trumbull, of Portland; Mrs.
Sarah A. Evans, of Portland; Mrs.
Turner Oliver, of La Grande, and
Stephen G. Smith, of Portland. The
term of office is five years. There is
no compensation.
Mill Plant Are Extended.
Roeeburg In a letter received here
from S. A. Kendall, of Pittsburg, At
torney O. P. Coshow, counsel for Ken
dall Brothers, Is asked to prepare for
the Incorporation here of a company
for handling the proposed railroad from
this city to the Cascade forest reserve.
In the incorporation papers a provision
is asked that the road may be extended
across the state to Boise, Idaho. An
other feature mentioned in the letter
it the fact that Kendall Brothers pro
pose to erect at Roseburg a sawmill of
250,000 feet daily rapacity.
Gold Hill Hat Big Blait.
Gold Hill A terrific blaze destroyed
a blacksmith thop, plumbing shop,
jewelry store, barn, a garage and
four residences and badly damaged an
other home on South Front ttreet The
fire started in a barn, near which
children were playing with lire.
There was little insurance. The lost
is estimated at f 8000.
UZSOK PASS,
V" lArtf" ' w--. ' S" J. 'ZT....'....',....'. y.,lmV.tf'.-'Z--. . 'J.
A view of the Uzsok pass showing one of the railroad bridges. In the desperate efforts of the Russians to
take and the Austrlans to hold the Uzsok pass, fighting of the fiercest character took place, with astonishing casual
ties on both sides. The Uzsok pass Is the key to Hungary.
rasa? AY?S&&V$im
DECORATED FOR BRAVERY
Miss Muriel Thompson of the Brit
ish First Aid Nursing Yeomanry
corps, who was personally decorated
by King Albert of Belgium with the
order of Leopold II for her bravery In
rescuing wounded men from the
trenches under heavy shell fire.
Soldier' Queer Biscuits.
The Indian and Australian can make
their own army biscuits; the former it
a "chupatty," the latter "damper." A
chupatty results from the mixing Into
a stiff paste by an Indian of flour, salt
and water, and baking It on a metal
dish over a hot lire. But the Indian
ccok seems a necessary Ingredient to
make It tasty at well at nutritious.
Damper needs flour, baking powder,
water and wood. A hole In the ground
It the oven. Fill It with wood, and
while that Is burning make your
dough. Then lay It on a large stone,
cover it with a tin, and cover the tin
with the hot wood ashes, and the re
sult will be damper.
Whers the 8lowett Lttd.
When motor trucks loaded with am
munition are dispatched to the front
from a depot In the rear of the firing
lines. It It now telt-understood that
the slowest trucks go In front, while
the fattest bring up the rear, This
was found necessary because of the
tendency of ammunition drivers to go
at top tpeed when the call for thells
and cartridges comes. If the slow
tnicki are In the'rear of the column,
the latter It ttrung out over miles of
road, with great gapt between trucks
offering an inviting target for an at
tack by reconnolterlng armored motor
cart or cavalry. Sctentlflo American.
SCENE OF DESPERATE FIGHTING
GERMAN BICYCLE SCOUT SQUAD IN POLAND
BIG SKODA GUN
jw.-JA """"j
'fhe Austrlans have made excellent use of the Skoda 30.5 centimeter
guns In the fighting In the Carpathians. One of these guns is shown here
about to be fired.
PADEREWSKIS WORKING FOR POLAND
pyr. o o &r ' I
i- ir i i a a, a, .l.
Ignace Taderewikt, the famous pianist, and hit wife photographed on
their arrival in this country, where they are carrying on a campaign tor the
raising of funds to relieve the distressed people of Poland.
OF THE AUSTRIANS
PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS ABOUT PLOWING
B
i
Plowing In Relation to Drainage.
(By O. M. OLSON.)
The depth at which land should be
plowed depends much upon the sea
son of the year, the kind of Boil and
the physical condition of the subsoil.
Fall plowing, except for fall-grown
grain, should invariably be deeper
than spring plowing, as there is more
time for it to become sufficiently set
tled and compacted. Whenever land
Is plowed quite deeply, and the cli
matic conditions do not thoroughly
settle the furrows, It should be thor
oughly worked before it is planted.
Heavy soils need to be plowed
deeper than the lighter types of Boils.
Such soils usually have quite com
pact subsoils, and they are benefited
by being brought to the surface. It
Is also a benefit to heavy soils to bury
the vegetable matter at a good depth,
as this will assist in keeping the sub
soil from becoming too compact.
Lighter soils are very much the
opposite. Their subsoils are usually
not too compact, and It is better to
have the vegetable matter mixed with
the surface soil. Deep plowing of
such soils has a tendency to make
them too loose, and care should be
taken to thoroughly compact them be
fore they are planted to crops.
Plowing land continuously at the
same depth every time has a tendency
BEST FARM BUILDINGS
Too Little Thought and Study
Given to Details.
Not Generally Understood That Circu
lar Structure It Much Stronger
Than Rectangular Form Cott
of Material It Lets.
(By W. J. FRAZER.)
The planning, construction, and ar
rangement of farm buildings do not
usually receive the thought and study
these subjects warrant. How many
dairymen have compared a circular,
40-cow barn with the common rec
tangular building containing the same
area? How many understand that
the circular structure is much the
stronger; that the rectangular form
requires 22 per cent more wall and
foundation to enclose the same space;
and that the cost of material Is from
84 to 58 per cent more for the rec
tangular building?
In a community In which everyone
is engaged in the same occupation,
one person Is likely to copy from his
neighbor without apparently giving a
thought as to whether or not there is
a better way.
In comparing a 60-foot round bam
with a rectangular barn of the Bame
area, the two barns should afford the
cows the same amount of space on
the platform. Allowing each cow In
the 60-foot round barn three feet six
Inches in width at the rear of the plat
form, It will accommodate 40 cows and
leave space for two passageways. But
In a rectangular barn, only three feet
four Inches of platform space need be
allowed for each cow, and the 78 V4-
Showing How This 60-Foot Barn May
Be Arranged to Accommodate 40
Cows In Stalls To Supply This
8lzed Herd and the Necettary
Young Stock With Silage for Eight
Montht Would Require 370-Ton
Silo, or One 18 Feet In Diameter snd
68 Feet Deep! With a Seven-Foot
Feed Alley and 2'rFoot Man
ger, the Circle at the 8tanchlons
Would Be 38 Feet In Diameter, or
1191-3 Feet In Circumference; Al
lowing feet for Two Pattsgs
Wsys, the Stalls Would Be 2 Feet
10t Inches Wide at the Stanchion,
and 3 Feet 8 Inches at the Drop.
foot bam, with two three-foot passage
ways across it for convenience n feed
ing, will accommodate 43 cows. While
the rectangular barn hat stall room
for two mora cows, the round barn
'iliiru'tttn
I! ill,
to form a hard, compact layer in the
subioll at that depth. This Is an un
desirable condition, and can usually
be avoided by varying the depth
Blightly from year to year. New land,
when first brought under the plow,
should not be plowed too deeply.
While It may be desirable to ultlmate-j
ly have a furrow Blx or seven inches
in depth, it should be brought about
gradually, by plowing a half-Inch or.
so deeper every year.
A method of draining fields which
has proved satisfactory and lnexpen
slve is tdging the land vhlle ploww
lng. ;
The plow Is started in the middle
where two furrows are ptowed against)
each other. By turning the horses to!
the right when making the turns at C
and D, the dead furrows will be lo-l
cated at A and B and E and F. By
continuing this system a series of
years, the ditches are made deeper
year by year. No ridge is formed on,
the Bides of the ditch. By commence
lng to plow in this way, and by vary
ing the back furrows one year a little
to the right of C and D, and another
year a little to the left, the dead fur
rows will be made broad rather than
deep, making the fields gently undu
late instead of being cut up by deep
ditches and narrow high ridges. :
contains space in the center for a silo
18 feet In diameter.
Owing to the fact that a silo is a
necessity for the most economical pro
duction of milk, a barn is not com
plete for a dairyman's purpose un
less it includes a silo with capacity to
store sufficient silage for the herd.
In the case of the round barn, thai
silo is the most economically built in
side, but in the rectangular form would
cause a waste of space, and for that
reason is best erected outside. There
Arrangement of Cow Stable for Two
Rows of Cowt Tailed Together
The Barn Is Cleaned by Driving
Around Behind the Cows.
fore, In comparing a round dairy barn
with a rectangular dairy barn, silo
should be Included.
The smaller surface on the outside
wall of the round barn requires less
paint and makes a proportional sav
ing In keeping the round barn paint
ed in after years.
TAKE CARE OF THE MANURE
Shallow Concrete Pit Affords Practical
Means of Taking Care of Soil
Fertilizer.
The shallow concrete manure pit out
of doors is a practical means of tak
ing care of manure and is to be rec
ommended. Where a manure shed Is used it
should be so arranged that stock may
have free access thereto. In this way
the manure will be kept well packed!
down by the animals tramping over
it, and the danger of loss due to burn
ing and excessive fermentation very
materially decreased.
Barnyard manure, however, is not a
balanced fertilizer for ordinary farm
crops; it is relatively high In nitrogen
and potash and correspondingly low in
phosphorus.
Experiments conducted by the Indi
ana station show that most clay tolls
of the state are deficient in that same
element, phosphorus. By adding some
phospbatlc material to the manure aar
It is produced, we are able, not only
to supply the lacking element, phos
phorus, but alto to fix the nitrogen, to
tome extent, and thus prevent its ea
cape in the form of ammonia gas.
Malntentnce of 8ows.
In' the maintenance of the brood
sows we have our best opportunity to
make use of pasturage, waste feeds,
fallen fruits, etc. Not that these
things are sufficient, but because
roughage, range, bulk, succulence and)
variety are good for the sows.
Work Together Nicely. .
The hot; and the dairy cow work
nicely together.
tnTEAive rC VC