ML .. ... .ms,, BELGIAN OUTPOST PHOTOGRAPHED IN ACTION STORY OF LODZ STARTLES WORLD Two Whole German Corps Believed Captured London The Morning Post's Petro grad correspondent said he learned Fri day that one German army corps of more than 40,000 men with their mu nitions complete has been captured and NEWS NOTES OF CURRENT WEEK German Losses Greatest Since Battles of Napoleon. lesume of World's Important that he believes when the omcial de tails of the fighting in Russian Toland are forthcoming it will be found that at least two army corps have been cap tured. Events Told m Brief. Y '-,ffttP3' 43 m U. S. WILL MAKE OWN WAR RULES Declaration of London Rejected by United States. . Washington Prepares to Protect All Legitimate Commerce on High Seas of World. Washington, D. C. The decided stand taken by the United States gov ernment in refusing to accept piece meal adoption of the principles of the declaration of London as a guide to commercial restrictions to be imposed during the European war was made clear at the State department when the text of a cablegram sent to Am bassador Gerard at Berlin on October 14 last was made public. Mr. Gerard had communicated a pre liminary notice that Germany intended to protest to this governoment against alleged violation of the declaration by Great Britain and France. The German ambassador, Count Bernstorff, called at the State depart ment Thursday to lodge the formal complaint, and the text of the reply cabled to Ambassador Gerard, copies of which went to all American diplo matic representatives abroad, was then made public. It follows: "Please inform the German govern ment that the department's suggestion made to the belligerent countries for the adoption for the Bake of uniformity of the declaration of London as a tempor ary code of naval warfare for use in the present war has been withdrawn because of the unwillingness of some of the belligerents to adopt the declar ation of London without modification. "The United States government therefore insists thut the rights and duties of those of its citizens in the present war be defined by the existing rules of international law and the treaties of the United States with the belligerents, independently of the pro visions rt the declaration and this gov ernment will reserve the right to enter a demand or protest in every case in which the rights and duties mentioned above and defined by existing rules of international law are violated or their free exercise hindered by the authori ties of the belligerent governments." The message was Bigned by Counsel lor Lansing, then acting secretary of state. The declaration of London, framed at an international conference in Lon don, from which it draws its designa tion, was designed as a uniform naval procedure for war times to be recog nized by all powers participating in the conference. It set out definite declarations as to what articles should be considered con traband of war and defined the rights of neutral shipping. The declaration was generally viewed as marking a great advance over the conflicting practices the several nations had ap plied during periods of belligerency, with most unsatisfactory results to neutral shipping. It has never been ratified, however, by all of the powers which participated in the conference. The United States and Germany are among the powers which have recorded their acceptance of the declaration, while Great Britain has not taken this action. One article of the declaration pro vides that it shall be binding as be tween belligerent powers only on those by which it has been ratified. Soon after the outbreak of the European war it became evident that, Peace Talk Denounced. Berlin, via London The Cologne, Gazette declares that the reports of German desire for peace, which it says are probably inspired by the British, belong to the "region of higher political idiocy." "The posi tion of the Germans, neither in the East nor West," it continues, "is crit ical. German military undertakings on 11 the battlefields are progressing fa vorably. Neither the military nor the political situation contains any reason which might make Germany desirous to conclude peace. 3"vir.: while they recognized in a general way the spirit of the declaration, Borne of the belligerent powers intended to insist on great modifications of im portant details, basing their action on the fact that they had not formally ratified the convention. Since the declaration was in fact a compromise between the extreme views of the several governments, which participated in the conference, a high official here pointed out that it would have been neither just nor fair, in the opinion of the government, to consent to any modification without the agreement of all parties. The State department felt obliged to withdraw from its adherence to the declaration, even before the German protest was received. It is said, however, that the Ger man position that the British have violated the Bpirit of the declaration of London by seizing and detaining food supplies carried in neutral bot toms and consigned to German ports, directly or indirectly, is recognized by the United States officials as sound. BRITISH WARSHIP BLOWS UP; 800 OF CREW PERISH Sheerness, Eng., via London The British battleship Bulwark was de stroyed by a terrific explosion as she lay off here Thursday. There were only 14 survivors from the crew of 700 or 800 men who were aboard. In the opinion of naval men it was an internal explosion that put an end to the battleship, which ror n years had done service at home and abroad and lately had been doing her part in guarding England's shores. There was no great upheaval of water such as would have occurred if Bhe had been torpedoed or Btruck by a mine. Instead, the ship was enveloped in smoke and flame, and when this had cleared nothing could be seen but wreckage floating on the water. Houses in towns seven and eight miles away were shaken by the explosion and even before men on ships anchored near by could reach their own decks, the Bulwark had dis appeared. The neighborhood was strewn with an enormous amount of wreckage, while pieces of the ship were thrown six or seven miles onto the Essex shore. Considering the size of her navy. Great Britain has been singularly free from disaster of this character. Nev ertheless when the French warship Jena was destroyed by an internal ex plosion in 1907 all cordite ammunition was taken from all the British ships and carefully examined. Refrigera tors were installed in the ships to keep the powder cool. The Bulwark,' which was one of the older battleships, cost 1,000,000 ($5, 000,000). It is believed here that the explosion of the Bulwark was caused by the fall and bursting of a 12-inch lyddite shell in her magazine. Delayed Reward Large. Montville, Conn. A bequest of $75, 000 is the reward which has been given to Henry A. Bolles, of this place, for saving a little girl from drowning in the Thames river 28 years ago. The girl was the daughter of a Mr. Trumbull, of New York City, and had fallen overboard from her father's yacht. Mr. Bolles, a boatman at that time, said he remembered that the father asked his name, but he had heard nothing rnore Bince then, Trumbull died recently and Mr. Bolles has just been notified of the bequest Dt Wefs Sons Surrender. London The Cape Town correspon- aent or ne Keuter Melegram company says that two sons of General Chris tian DeWet, the rebel leader, have surrendered to a magistrate in Cape Town. Several of General DeWet's chief officers, together with most of his supporters to the west of the rail way line, surrendered at the same time. Kaiser's Son Recovering. Amsterdam "Prince August Wil liam, fourth son of the German em peror, who was injured in a motor car accident, is improving, but complete recovery will take a long time," says the Berlin correspondent of the T,ele-graaf. GERMANS LISTEN TO PEACE TALK Welfare Union Appeal Read by People in Holland. Belgium To Be Held at Any Cost Until Negotiations Begin Invasion Dreaded. The Hague, Holland Although the German press asserts that Germany can bring 6,000,000 reservists into the field without making use of men under 18 and over 45 years old, there are several indications that German offl cials desire peace. Semi-official attempts are being made to negotiate first with one and then with the other of the allied forces. The German sections of the peace societies are sending circulars to their representatives in Holland and other neutral states to initiate a peace movement. The International Wohlfahrt Verein (Welfare Union) of Berlin, has made a direct appeal to influential Dutch newspapers by means of a printed cir cular inclosed in an open envelope, ex pressing the wish that all . neutral countries and lovers of peace work to gether and prepare the way for media tion overtures to be made by some neutral power, as, for instance, the United States. It is considered remarkable that the circular should have reached its tination. If its contents had been dis pleasing to the German censor it nev er would have passed the frontier. In military and governmental circles in Holland it is considered likely that Germany itself soon will open peace negotiations. The government, it is said, sees itself menaced by invasion, and should the enemy march into Ger many, the people would feel that they have been misled by the government as to the trend of the war. It also would impair the authority of the cen tral government and the cohesion of the states of the empire. Germany, public men at The Hague believe, will try to hold Belgium at all costs until peace negotiations are opened, Bince it desires to use Belgium as a pawn for obtaining favorable con ditions from the allies. A strong sec ond line of defense has been prepared in Belgium. Roughly, it runs from Antwerp to Moris. A third line being prepared along the Meuse river, American Ship Seized. Santiago, Chile The American steamship Sacramento, which until a few months ago was the German steamship Alexandria, has put into Valparaiso and the story related by her captain has resulted in the Chilean authorities starting in investigation to determine who is responsible for the apparent violation of neutrality in which she was involved. The Sacra mento, Captain Jacobson, left San Francisco for Valparaiso under her new register and flying the Stars and Stripes October 15. German Forces Again Retreating in Poland London An official communication given out In Petrograd, according to an Exchange Telegraph dispatch, an nounces a German retreat in Poland, The statement follows: "Between the Vistula and the Warta the Germans have retreated from the line running from Strykow to Zgirz, bzadek, Zdunska, Wola and Wozniki. Trade Balance Grows. Washington, D. C Exports at the principal ports, which handle 80 per cent of that business, totaled $39,217, 537 for the week ended November 21 as against imports of $24,834,124, leaving a trade balance of more than $14,000,000 in favor of the United States for the week and bringing the trade balance for the month to more than $46,000,000. Great Army Is Cut Off From Sup ply of Food and Ammunition; Surrender by Thousands. London The Petrograd correspond ent of the , Morning Post says that when the full details of the Russian victory in Poland are available they will furnish a story that will astonish the world a story telling of a blow to Germany's finest troops such as had not been dealt since the days of Na poleon. The Daily Mail s Petrograd corres pondent, who, in common with other Petrograd correspondents, hints that there is to come still bigger news which they are unable at this time to transmit, says the possibility which seemed to exist that the German forces which escaped the enveloping move ment east of Lodz would Bucceed in breaking through near Strykow and joining the rest of the German forces now appears hopeless. This German force, adds the corres pondent, is fighting its way back in the direction of the Vistula, under a terrible artillery fire, which is causing an appalling loss of life. The Ger mans are reported to be short of both food and shells, as a result of being cut off from their base. The following statement from the Russian general staff was made public torn Petrograd Friday night: On the left bank of the Vistula our troops, advancing from the lower part of the Bzura river, have reached Gom bin. In the center 01 the battle line we aptured the town of Brzeziny and the villages in the valley of the Mroga river. In some places we dislodged the Germans by bayonet attacks. Our offensive in this region continues. "Between Brzeziny and Glowno our cavalry succeeded in several charges againBt the German infantry. During the retreat of the enemy we captured number of field guns, some with their teams complete. jWe are com puting the number of prisoners cap tured. Among the uerman troops we pushed back from Rzgow and Tuszyn toward Brzeziny was a division of the Prussian Guard. "In the region of Sgiers and Stry kow we attacked the Germans toward Lodz. Between Sgiers and Zdunska Wola some German troops are still holding themselves in their trenches. In general, between the Vistula and the Warta, the fighting is favor able to our arms. A Rome dispatch says the Russian embassy announces that the battle of Lodz has been renewed with fresh forces. Several German divisions were annihilated and many German generals were killed, it adds: The German front has been broken in sev eral places and a decision is imminent. One German corps, including nearly 50,000 men, having surrendered, a sec ond corps that has been cut off from the main army in the battle of Lodz, Russian Poland, was completely routed, according to a Petrograd dispatch re ceived via Paris. Great Britain Still Has Confidence in Naval Power London The British government, while regretting its naval losses dur ing the war, is apparently in no fear that its predominance in number of fighting craft will be threatened ser iously. Britain can lose a superdread naught every month for 12 months without a single loss to the enemy, said Winston Spencer Churchill, first lord of the admiralty, in the house of commons, "and yet be in as good a po sition of superiority as she was at the outbreak of the war." Mr. Churchill declined to discuss such topics as the naval engagement off Heligoland, the destruction of the British cruisers Monmouth and Good Hope off the coast of Chile and the British naval expedition in Antwerp prior to the fall of the Belgian for tress, asserting such discussion would be profitless until he was able to re veal all the facts. Instead, he went on to give a few details regarding the work the British navy was performing, Convict Demands Wages. Providence R. I. Arguments on the constitutionality of the law authoriz ing the state to make contracts selling the labor of prisoners without com pensating them were heard before the Rhode Island Supreme court. On the ground that such enforced servitude on the part of a prisoner is slavery and that the state constitution prohibits slavery without making an exception against convicts, the national commit tee on prison labor is pressing the suit against a garment company which holds a contract for prisoners' labor. Germans Say No Change. Berlin An official announcement given out in Berlin says: "English ships did not attack the coast of Flanders again Friday. There have been no actual changes along the battle front in the western arena. To the north of Langemarck, we have taken a group of houses and made number of prisoners. Our attack in the Argonne region has made further progress. French attacks in the neigh borhood of Apremont were repulsed. "It seems," the correspondent adds, that the large number of German re inforcements from Wielun, with which it was intended to envelop the Russian left flank, arrived only in time to sup port the retreat of the whole German Ight. 'The Russian cavalry made a series of charges into the masses of retreat ing German Infantry, doing terrible execution on the fugitives." The Warsaw correspondent of the Reuter Telegram company sends the following diBpatch: "Long columns of German prisoners are passnig through this city. Among them are many of the Prussian guard. Many wounded have their hands and feet frozen and lack warm clothing." On the entire front of the Vistula and Warthe rivers the Germans have begun retreat, according to meager reports received from the front, says a Petrograd dispatch. At some points, it is said, the backward movement re sembles a rout, artillery, ammunition and commissary stores being left on the field. One detachment of Germans in the front fighting before Lodz, which re ports arriving here assert was cut to pieces by the Russians, is said to have been on the point of executing a coup, disguised as Russians. It is alleged that they wore the round fur-peaked caps which form part of the Caucasian regiment s uniform. They were detected as they were about to turn the Russian flank by Russian officers, who noted, through their field glasses, slight differences in the uniform and equipment of the Ger mans, according to the story. General Zapata Maintains Order in Mexican Capital Washington, D. C. The main forces of General Zapata occupied Mexico City Thursday night and are maintain ing order, according to official tele grams from Mexico City. Two messages were received, one from the Brazilian minister and the other from American Consul Silliman. Both were filed in Mexico City. Mr. Silliman reported that the Zap ata forces, after sharp fighting in the outskirts of the Mexican capital, in which 60 soldiers were reported killed, entered just as the forces of General Blanco evacuated the city. There was some disorder and looting in the brief interval between the evacuation by Blanco and the arrival of the Zapata troopB, but the city was quiet imme diately afterwards. The Brazilian minister said he had received full assurances from the Zap atistas that they would maintain order. Italy's Entry in War Forecast. London Everything known in Xon- don points to the growing likelihood of the early entry into the war of Italy, The Italian reservists residing here have been summoned to the colors, The officers were called home several weeks ago. 'Should the moment arrive," said an official, "when Germany threatened to sweep all before it, the instinct of self-preservation would bring not only Italy but the entire Balkan world into line against the German-Turkish scheme of universal conquest. Europe simply will not brook the prospect of the overthrow of its separate and di versified civilization." Rain Ts Arkansas' Hope. Little Rock The great smoke cloud from hundreds of forest fires which lifted in Little Rock Thursday again settled over the city, and it was im possible to see more than two or three blocks even on well-lighted streets, Reports indicate that similar conditions prevailed all over the state. The only hope of extinguishing the tires is general rain, and the weather bureau offers little hope of this. That any considerable setback was given to the fires by rains in portions of the burning district was not indicated in reports. Croker to Wed Indian Maid. New York Ketaw Kaluntuchy, wnose grandfather, Chief oequoy, was a Cherokee warrior and wise man. the bride-to-be of Richard W. Croker, who used to be the "big chief" of Tammany Hall. Her father, a Scotch man, married Princess Sequoyah, the Indian chief's daughter. This devel oped Thursday when a marriage license was issued to Richard Welsted Croker, 73 years old, no occupation, and Miss Beulah Benton Edmondson, 23 years old, a singer. Berlin Denies Sea Loss. Berlin The official press bureau made denial of the statement of the secretary of the British admiralty that a German submarine had been sunk off the coast of Scotland by a British pa trolling vessel. "British reports concerning the de struction of German submarines," says the bureau, "are unfounded. No sub marines are missing." Kaiser's Coat is Captured. Petrograd The Army Messenger asserts that among the trophies taken by the.Kussians at tzenstochowa was Emperor William's carriage, which contained one of the emperor's coats. The Messenger also says: "The Germans are making attack after attack in an attempt to break the Russian forces, but without success. The Turkish embassy at Rome says that the Egyptian advance guard on -the Suez canal has deserted to the Turks. Thanksgiving Day found 7,000,000 tarving Belgians in dire want of bread and only half enough to appease their hunger. A young Portland streetcar con ductor was electrocuted in a bath tub when he reached ,up to turn off the electric light. Promotion of officers in the U. S. navy is declared to De too siow, ana General Blue says officers are worn out before they reach higher grades. Fifteen regiments of Russian sold iers, with 70 barge loads of ammuni tion, have arrived in the Servian town of Raduievatz, to aid that country. Dispatches from Petrograd state that the German lines in Russian Po land have been seriously disorganized, and that a great army is surrounded by the Russians. A British aviator dropped a bomb quarely on a German ammunition train, which blew up. The explosion was heard and felt many miles along the allies' lines. Turkey has made a formal and satis factory explanation to the United States government for firing on an American launch that attempted to enter a Turkish closed harbor. A dispatch to the Havas agency from Athens says advices received in the Greek capital from Mitylene state that a Turkish mine-layer has been tor pedoed and sunk in the Bosphorus. A dispatch to Berlin from Berne says reports from a reliable source set forth that the French losseB, up to November 1, were 130,000 men killed, 370,000 wounded and 167,000 missing. General'Carranza has established a. temporary jeat of government at Vera Cruz, from which point he will conduct a campaign against General Villa and Zapata, who have occupied Mexico City. It is said in Petrograd that the re port published in the Bourse Gazette that Russia, France and Great Britain were endeavoring to secure the re opening of the Dardanelles is a pure invention. Reports of a pan-Islamic anti-British movement are confirmed by the Russ koye Slovo, of Petrograd, which says that the movement had its beginning in Afghanistan. The Porte says that all Arabs who are fit for military serv ice have declared their readiness for a holy war. "The situation'at" present does not demand legislation for the suppression of football, " said Premier Asquith in the house of commons, replying to a, question as to whether such a move was under way. The premier added that negotiations with the football magnates were progressing from which satisfactory results were ex pected. Cardinal Aristides Cavallari, patri arch of Venice, is dead. Richard Croker, former leader of Tammany Hall, is soon to be married. A prominent newspaper in Berlin says peace talk is "higher political idiocy. One week's exports from the U. S. exceeds the imports bv more than $14,000,000. A German aeroplane with two avi ators has been captured by cossacks 24 miles from Plock, Russian Poland. The airmen had dropped several bombs in Flock. New rates of pay for English armv officers showing increases of from 10 to 25 per cent are announced in an army order. The new daily rate for a captain is raised from $3 to $3.60, and for a lieutenant from $2 to $2.50. These increases also are augmented by various special allowances. The admiralty of England announces that all points of military significance in leebrugge were subjected to a se vere bombardment by two British bat tleships. The German opposition was feeble. The extent of the damage done is unknown. The British ships -returned safe. An official statement issued by the maritime authorities says that it has been proved that German warships have violated the neutrality of Cehile by staying for several days in the Juan Fernandez islands, capturing neutral ships, seizing coal and provisions and sinking the French bark Valentine a half mile from the Chilean coast. Reports are current in Washington, D. C, that General Blanco, in charge of Mexico City, may abandon his post as Villa nears. Switzerland hss lodged protests at London and Bordeaux against the vio lation of Swiss neutrality by British aviators, and demands satisfaction. Telegraphing from Athens, the cor respondent of the Havas agency says the Turkish government has forbidden all subjects of the triple entente pow ers, with the exception of women and of children under 18 years old, to leave I ma uuoman territory.