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VILLA DECLARES
WAR ON MEXICO
Sonora and Chihuahua States
Again in Revolt.
First Chief Orders Railway Closed
as Precautionary Measrue
Rebels Get Munitions.
El Paso, Texas General Francisco
Villa, dominant leader in Northern
Mexico, has denounced the central
government headed by Venustiano Car
ranza and announced his independence
in a statement sent to the Associated
Press.
This placed the state of Chihuahua
in open revolt against the party in
power at Mexico City as well as
Sonora, the next border state to the
west, where Governor Maytorena pre
viously has proclaimed his independ
ence of the constitutionalist party as
represented by Carranza.
Villa agents sent several carloads of
munitions as well aB troops to assist
Governor Maytorena, of Sonora, who
is in open revolt against Carranza.
This was followed later, according to
reports received here, by the sending
of 500,000 pesos in Villa paper cur
rency to Maytorena officials.
This money, it was said, was being
placed in circulation in that part of
Sonora domniated by the Maytorena
forces to absorb the constitutionalist
or Carranza issue. -
General Obregon, one of the Carran
za adherents, who heads the North
western military zone of which Sonora
is a part, remained at Chihuahua City,
said persons arriving from the South.
He was reported laBt week to have
been arrested by Villa.
Telegrams received here several
days ago signed with Obregon's name
said that he was returning at once to
the national capital. It was declared
ollicially that Obregon was held a pris
oner at Villa's house in Chihuahua.
WORLD-WIDE MISERY IS
CAUSED BY EUROPEAN WAR
New York Commerce in every spot
in the world has been seriously affect
ed by the European war, say belated
reports from missions established
throughout the world by the Persby
terian church.
West Africa is facing a critical sit
uation; Syria is in utter hopelessness;
Persia iB chaotic, especially in finan
cial circles; missionaries in India are
unable to receive outside financial aid;
Chilean industry is prostrated and the
country is in a' pitiable plight; the
poor in Guatemala have been driven by
hunger to confiscate the food stores of
the wealthy. Such are the sombre
pictures of some of the mission fields
revealed by Dr. A, W. Halsey, secre
tary of the Presbyterian board of fore
ign missions.
Epidemic of Cholera Dis
covered Among Austrian's
Venice Nine cases of Asiatic chol I
era have been discovered among the !
wounded soldiers in Hungary, accord- j
ing to an official announcement by the
Venezuelans in Revolt.
Port of Spain, Trinidad It is re
ported here that Venezuelan revolu
tionists under Horatio du Charm? Bur
prised the Venezuelan government
forces at Cano, Colorado, a port of
entry in the former state of Bermudez,
inflicting a defeat, after which they
captured Guanoco. Du Charme later
repulsed the government troops sent
against him. The rising against the
government, according to advices re
ceived here, appears to be well sup
ported in the region where the hostil
ity have occurred.
Following a complaint entered with
United States District Attorney
Reamea by Thomas Erskine, British
consul at Portland, the Department of
Agriculture instructed the forest offi
cer in Southern Oregon to ascertain,
if possible, the location of the power
ful wireless telegraph plant that is
presumed to be operating in the woods
of Southern Oregon In the Interests of
the German government.
VOLUNTEERS FOR FRENCH ARMY
have organized a volunteer regiment to
to their drilling place and carrying the
Hungarian minister of the interior.
The announcement has excited great
apprehension throughout the dual mon
archy. It is learned here that the first sus
pected case of cholera in Hungary was
that of a wounded soldier, 'who was
brought, on September 15, to Bekesc
saba from the Galician battlefield. The
bacteriological examination clearly
showed Asiatic cholera.
The patient was immediately iso
lated. Since then eight other cases
have been discovered, also among the
wounded who returned from Galicia.
One case was found at Munkacs, an
other at Tokad (Tokay) and six at
Dumaszerdahely, in Pressberg, imme
diately on the Austrian border, within
an hour's ride of Vienna.
Vienna is awaiting with keen anx
iety, news of the progress of the fight
ing against the Russians and Servians.
German Submarines Sink
Ihree English Battleships
London The British cruisers Abou
kir, Hogue and Creasy, of identical
tonnage and armament, were sunk at
7 :30 a. m. Wednesday, on the North
Sea by five German submarines, ac
cording to an official announcement.
First the Aboukir was torpedoed; as
the other vessels drew in to rescue the
crew, they in-turn were sunk.
This was the severest loss the Brit
ish navy has suffered during the war.
British cruisers and torpedo boats
came quickly to' the assistance of the
doomed vessels, and it is reported sank
two of the German submarines, while
three others escaped. "
The three cruBiers carried more than
2000 men, but no estimate has yet
been made of the number of saved or
lost. The fate of the cruiser Pathfind
er, sunk recently in the North Sea by
a torpedo, proved how quickly a ship
may be sent to the bottom by an under
water attack and it iB therefore be
lieved that the loss of life is bound to
be heavy.'
The steamer Flores took 287 survi
vors of the sunken ships into the Dutch
port of Ymuiden. The steamer Titan
picked up 114 men, one of whem after
ward died. Twenty of the wounded
were kept on board the vessel, while
the others of the wounded were trans
ferred to British men-of-war. The
Lowestoft, another British craft, res
cued a good number.
The German policy of keeping the
German battle fleet in harbor and at
tempting to pick off British ships one
by one thus far has resulted in the loss
of three 12,000-ton cruisers, the Path
finder of 3000 tons and two small craft
destroyed by mines.
German Wireless Station
Sought in Southern Oregon
Washington, D. C On complaint of
the British embassy, the Department
of Agriculture has begun a search for
a mysterious wireless plant supposed
to be operating in the mountains on
the Pacific Coast. Information fur
nished to the department is vague, but
apparently the plant is busily engaged
in sendnig messages uncensored by the
Federal goverment. Forest rangers
who patrol the mountains are under
stood to have received orders to look
for the wireless outfit.
Drys Sweep Virginia.
Richmond, Va. The statewide pro
hibition forces won a sweeping victory
at the polls in Virginia Wednesday, re
turns at midnight showing a majority
of 32,825. With complete returns
from all the cities and 44 of the 100
counties and with scattering returns
from other counties, the total vote is
121,763. Of this vote the drys re
ceived 77,453 against 44,618 for the
local optionlsts. The cities which
were expected to roll up a majority for
the local optiouists gave 1315 for the
drys.
.
t
Queen llsits Refugees.
London Queen Mary, accompanied
by the Belgian minister to Great Brit
ain and several of her ladies, visited
the Belgian refugees in Alexandra pal
ace. Her majesty was much interest
ed in these unfortunate people and
gave expression to her sympathy. As
she entered the dining hall, where a
new batch of refugees had just arrived,
she was greeted by a wild outburst of
cheering. I
fight in the French army, are here
Stars and Stripes.
ORDER WIRELESS
STATION CLOSED
Navy Acts Regardless of Liti
gation as to Rights.
Contention Is That President Has
Full Authority to Enforce
Strict Neutrality.
Washington,' D. C. By order of
President Wilson and with the assis
tance of the army and navy, the wire
less station of the Marconi company at
Siasconset, Mass., was closed Saturday
because it declined to recognize the
right of the Federal government to ex
ercise a censorship over the plant.
The Navy department took no cog
nizance of the fact that the Marconi
company had filed in a Federal court
an application for an injunction to re
strain the naval officers from closing
or censoring the station. The wireless
company finally decided to offer no re
sistance and the station was closed at
1 p. m.
The Navy department made public
the telegrams that had passed between
the department and Ensign E. B. Nix
on, U. S. N., in charge at the Siascon
set station. The statement follows :
"At 1 :23 p. m. the Navy department
received the following message from
Ensign Nixon, government inspector
at the Siasconset station :
" 'Siasconsent, Mass., Sept 26, 1914
The following letter was received
when your instructions were delivered
to the Marconi man in charge of this
station :
" ' "I acknowledge receipt of your
letter of instructions relative to the
cessation of all radio communications
at Siascoimet, Mass., and would ask if
you are prepared to carry out your or
ders by force.
" ' "Marconi Wireless Telegraph
Company of America."
" 'I request instructions.
" 'E. C, NIXON.'
"At 2:17 p.m. the department re
ceived the following :
" 'Siasconset, Mass., Sept. 26 Sec
retary of the Navy, Washington, D.
C. The Marconi company withdraws
letter previously sent and the station
was closed at 1 p. m. E. B. NIXON.'
Roosevelt's Voice Weak.
St. Louis Theodore Roosevelt de
nounced the Republican and Demo
cratic parties in - a 30-rnlnute speech
here Saturday night. His voice was
weak, and within 10 minutes almost
half of the huge audience in the Na
tional Guard's armory departed, real
izing that the ex-president could not
send his words across the full length
of the hall. "The policy of the Re
publican party," he said, "is such as
to make some men prosper too much.
The policy of the Democrats is such as
to make no man prosper enough.
Portland Airman Missing.
Los Angeles Search was instituted
late Saturday night at Coast points
near here for trace of Silas Christoffer
son, Portland avitator; C. Frenah,
mechanician, and Lieutenant Morrow,
of the government aviation school at
San Diego, who attempted a flight in
an aeroplane from San Diego to Los
Angeles. ' The aeroplane was last
sighted during the afternoon flying
over the water near Newport Beach.
The machine was not equipped with
pontoons.
Bishop Spalding Killed.
Salt Lake City Bishop F. S. Spald
ing, head of the Episcopal church in
Utah, was instantly killed here Satur
day when an automobile in which he
was riding struck a curb and over
turned. Bishop Spalding's skull was
badly fractured and his neck broken.
The car was driven by a young daugh
ter of Judge William H. King, who is
one of the best-known Democratic
politicians in the West and ex-representative
in congress from this dis-Itrict,
Hoarding Cash by Banks
Is Denounced by McAdoo
Washington, D. C. Secretary Mc
Adoo has adopted stringent measures
to urge National banks to extend legit
imate credit and charge normal inter
est rates on loans. He telegraphed to
ten National banks in the four reserve
cities in the South that their requests
for additional crop-moving funds from
the Federal goverment would not be
granted at this time, and made it clear
that his action was taken in connection
with reports of excessive interest rates
and restriction of credits.
In a statement made public with the
telegrnm Mr. McAdoo declared that
theie was an extraordinary hoarding
of money by banks throughout the
country and piling up of reserves with
out occasion. He said reports to the
controller of the currency showed that
money-hoarding had been carried on by
banks to an extreme degree, and an
nounced that he expected to focus at
tention on the guilty banks by issuing
a daily list of those with excessive re
serves. Although the Federal government
has no power over state banks or trust
companies, the secretary explained
that state superintendents would be
asked to furnish available information
on money-hoarding in such institutions.
He characterized money-hoarding by
banks as the agency most likely to im
pair confidence and injure business.
London Watches Sky for
Attacks by Air Craft
London England is becoming more
and more apprehensive about German
aeroplanes and Zeppelins. Prepara
tions have been made in the English
capital against such an attack.
It is generally conceded that Zeppe
lins could hardly make a trip over as
well defended a country as London in
the daytime because of the guns on
high buildings. At night the flight of
a Zeppelin over London would be com
paratively safe.
For weeks lights about Buckingham
Palace have not been lighted and with
in the last few days only about one
third of the London street lights have
been turned on. Stores, theaters, ho
tels and other public places have been
asked through the newspapers to re
duce their lights to the minimum that
London may not offer a bright glow
for the guidance of aerial navigators.
Masonic Sign Said to Have
Saved 50 from Execution
Ostend The power of Freemasonry
is illustrated by a story told here by a
citizen of Louvain, who, with the Ma
sonic sign, says he saved 50 of his fel
low citizens from being shot to death
by German troops.
This group of citizens, according to
the recital of the Belgian Mason, had
been lined up for execution. The Ger
man firing party had aimed their rifles
when the narrator gave a Masonic
Bign. The German officer commanding
the firing squad happened to belong to
the craft. He recognized a brother
Mason and ordered the Louvain Free
mason to leave the ranks. This meant
sparing his life.
The Louvain citizen, however, re
fused, saying; "My fellow citizens
are no more guilty than I am. If you
are going to kill them, I shall be killed
with them.
The German officer then ordered the
release of the entire party.
Red Cross Society, Said to
Be Swamped by Wounded
New York The number of those
wounded in battle in Europe is already
in the hundreds of thousands. The
hospitals and churches of Paris and
Berlin and cottages on the battlefield
are filled, and many other wounded lie
exposed in trenches, according to Em
est P. Bicknell, national director of
the American Red Cross, who arrived
here on the steamship Olympic, from
Liverpool. Mr. Bicknell, who left
New York on the battleship Tennes
see, the American vessel which carried
gold to Americans in need in Europe,
spent several weeks observing condi
tions in the countries at war.
"The truth is," Mr. Bicknell said,
"that over the thousands of square
miles already battle-swept there have
been left almost countless thousands of
men helpless from ghastly wounds,
Some have been gathered into trains
by the Red Cross surgeons and nurses
and taken to hospitala in the larger
cme.
"Let no man imagine the American
Red Cross can do too much or enough.
Nurses and surgeons are needed more
and more, and also medical and hospi
tal supplies."
India Loyal to Britain.
London "Germany made a mistake
about India, as it did about Ireland.
And anybody who counts on India to
be false to England will come a crop
per." In these words his highness
Aga Khan, recognized temporal leader
of 60,000,000 Indian Mohammedans,
summed up the Indian empire's status
in the world war. Aga Kahn has di
rected the Khoja Moslems, who num
ber millions, and over whom he is spir
itual and temporal head, to place their
personal services and resources at the
disposal of the government. s
Cathedral Ordered Spared,
New York Count Von Bernstorff,
the German ambassador to the United
States, received the following wireless
dispatch from the German office at
Berlin: "The German government
states officially, in contradiction of the
Havas Agency report that the German
artillery purposely destroyed important
buildings in Rheims, that orders were
given to spare the cathedral by all
means.
Fears of Low Prices for
Hops Decried by Expert
Portland "Some of the hopgrowers
of Oregon are becoming alarmed with
out reason," said Conrad Krebs at a
local hotel. "Because the buyers are
not operating now means nothing, as
the real demand does not begin before
October or November.
"There is going to be a shortage of
hops any way you figure it, and when
the market adjusts itself to the new
conditions prices will be higher. Grow
ers would be foolish to Bell their hops
now at the 17 or 18-cent prices being
talked about. In a year like this they
will run no risk in holding.
"Oregon has produced only 110,000
bales, California the same quantity,
Washington 40,000 'bales and New
York not over 20,000 bales, a total of
280,000 bales for the United States.
The brewery consumption in this coun
try is 245,000 bales annually. Because
of the war brewers are not able to im
port German or Australian hops. On
the other hand, we will have to supply
the non-producing countries that
Farming Course Mailed
to Eighth Grade Teachers
Salem That the agricultural work
in the schools may be thorough and
conducted so as to give the best re
sults, State Superintendent of Public
Instruction Churchill is mailing all
eighth-grade teachers copies of a
course of study prepared by F. L.
Griffin, of the Oregon Agricultural col
lege. The course is intended to satify
the demands of teachers and patrons
of the schools in the elements of agri
culture. The introduction says :
"Agriculture should be taught, as
far as possible, in terms of the child's
own experience. This centers the work
of the school around the dominant in
terests and activities of the home and
the community. Students manifesting
a great deal of interest in agriculture
should be encouraged to apply their
knowledge at home. That phase of
agriculture most attractive to them
should be organized into a definite
project to be worked out at home un
der the supervision of the school."
Weights and Measures Law
Is Criticised by Bureau
Salem Declaring that if action
were not taken Boon Oregon would
become the dumping ground of incor
rect weights and measures and non
standard packages of goods discarded
by other states, F. S. Holbrook, of
the United States Bureau of Standards
of the Department of Commerce, has
conferred with Mr. Buchtel, state dep
uty sealer of weights and measures,
with regard to preparing amendments
to the Oregon law for submission to
the next legislature.
Mr. Holbrook said the Oregon law
was far from being a model and that
in many respects it was not workable.
In place of county eealerB of weights
and measures appointed by the County
courts, he urges the appointment by
the State department of district seal
ers who will be directly responsible to
the State department.
"The idea is to provide a plan for
giving the deputies continuous work,"
continued Mr. Holbrook. "Under the
present arrangement many of the
county sealers are not continuously
employed in this work and as a result
little is accomplished. In many parts
of the state several counties should be
included in one district. This scheme
would in no way disrupt or interfere
with the work in large cities like Port
land, which maintain their own depart
ments." Logging Bunks Ordered.
Salem Having decided to make
compulsory the use of the safety log
ging bunk, Labor Commissioner Hoff
announced that he would invite the six
companies offering the bunks for sale
in this state to equip a train with
their devices for demonstration pur
poses. Each company will be asked to
equip one car of the train so the rep
resentatives of the logging companies
may have little trouble in determining
which they intend to adopt. Accord
ing to the commissioner, the Oregon
conception of logging bunks for many
years was four stakes driven in oppo
site sides of a flatcar. To unload, two
stakes must be chopped in two at the
bed of the car, it being up to the chop
per to find a place of safety when the
logs began rolling. Many failed to do
so, and, as a result, sustained injury
or were killed.
Rain Ruins Dallas Fair.
Dallas The second day of the Polk
County fair was practically ruined by
the heavy rain. Thursday night a
heavy electric storm visited this set
tion, followed by one of the worst
downpours of rain that has been wit
nessed here in years. The rain con
tinued to fall all Friday and late into
the night. Few were brave enough to
attend the fair. The amusements did
a poor business. Saturday morning it
cleared off somewhat and the sun shone
most of the day. Exhibits and amuse
ment features were the best seen here.
Ship Albany Apples by Carload.
Albany A carload of Albany apples,
consisting of Jonathans, Kings, and
Grimes Golden varieties, will be ship
ped out of this city during the latter
part of the week, according to a state
ment made by C. H. Stewart, secre
tary of the Albany Fruit Growers'
association.
formerly bought their hops in Europe,
such as Canada, South America, Japan
and Australia. These countries re-
quire about 50,000 bales. England is
always a great market for American
hops and should she take only 50,000
bales this year the English buyers al
ready have 30,000 under contract we
will be face to face with a great hop
shorage of not leBS than 65,000 bales."
Mr. Krebs declares that the shorts,
who sold the Eastern brewers and deal
ers a large part of the Oregon farm
ers' hops before they were grown,
are now trying hard to break the mar
ket so they can buy in cheaply. Spec
ulators, he says, are working the same
game.
"When the crop is out of the grow
ers' hands," said Mr. Krebs, "you can
look for the price to shoot upward. If
the grower is wise, he will himself
take this profit, which is surely com
ing. If he is determined to give away
his hops now, he had better go out of
the business."
It is planned to devote about half
an hour each day to the study of agri
culture. The teachers are urged when
they believe the pupils will be more
interested in agriculutral topios than
the one assigned to permit them to
continue that work as long as it is
thought profitable.
Mr. Churchill regards the formulas
and rules given for scoring various
crops in the circular as of particular
importance. The pupils are urged to
write the Division of Publications,
United States department of Agricul
ture, for various booklets for farmers
and to the Oregon Agricultural college
for copies of its various publications.
"By having the pupils write for
these bulletins three or four weeks
before they are needed," says the cir
cular, "each child not asking for more
than five at one time, a splendid school
library can be obtained free of cost
and the 'puplis will be procuring a
good training in letter writing at the
same time."
Jackson County Land
mark to Be Abandoned
Medford One of the most interest
ing landmarks in Jackson county will
be removed October 9, when Ed Helms
will close the Helms saloon in Jackson
ville. This establishment dates back
to 1852, when it was opened by Helms
& Winchon in the mining boom. For
years the place was the social and po
litical headquaters in Southern Ore
gon; court decisions were made there;
it was the scene of trials, and business
deals were transacted there.
A collection of pioneer relics valued
at $25,000 is on display in the build
ing. These include the first piece of
gold found in Jackson county; a photo
graph of three murderers hanged by
the vigilantes near Yreka, Cal., in the
'60s, and a piece of the rope used by
the lynchers ; the first pool tables ever
set up on the Pacific Coast, sent
around the Horn to Eureka and packed
to Jacksonville; Indian relics, pioneer
firearms and many freaks of jiature
found by prospectors in the hills.
No decision has been reached as to
what will be done whh these relics,
but it is probable they will be lent for
exhibition purposes to the Medford
Commercial club.
Odd Malady Kills Horses.
. Prineville A fatal contagion broke
out among the horses of this communi
ty last week. While unloading fine
stock from the trucks from the Henry
McCall ranch at the Fair grounds, a
few days ago, two of the draft horses
were seized suddenly with a strange
disease and within a few minutes both
were dead. On the way back to the
ranch another horse was stricken in
the same manner and died on the road.
Two other horses on the McCall ranch
showed signs of the same affliction and
are in precarious condition after fail
ures of local veterinaries to explain
the mystery.
The state veterinarian was tele
graphed for. In the meantime the
stockmen in this country are uneasy,
because of the immense number of
horses in this country that may be
come infected.
Gun Used to Halt Road Work.
Medford L. D. Dollarhide, owner
of the Dollarhide toll road over the
Siskiyous, which is to be replaced by
the new Pacific Highway, is said to
have leveled a shotgun at the Pacific
Highway workmen, ordering them off
the road. Complaint was made to
Prosecuting Attorney Kelly and an in
junction was granted by Judge Calkins
restraining Mr. Dollarhide from inter
fering with the work. He contended
that a right of way granted over the
government land in territorial days
gave him sole right to the travel.
Columbia Extends Road.
St. Helens The strip on the Port
land road north from Scappoose and
known as West Lane has been filled,
graded and macadamized for more
than a mile. Rock was hauled from
St. Helens by gasoline truck night and
day. It will be finished this week.
Prison Delegates Appointed.
Salem Governor West has named
Rev. A. A. Moore, of Salem, and W.
G. MacLaren, of Portland, delegates
to the convention of the American
Prison association, which will meet in
St. Paul October 3.