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About The Maupin times. (Maupin, Or.) 1914-1930 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 30, 1914)
FARMER DETERMINES EFFICIENCY OF FARM CALLS THE SOPHOMORE DOWN jj f I?'' X If ' 'V'w$$s$& Improved Farm Implements Are Great Time and Labor Savers. The farmer himself, in the last analysis, determines the efficiency of avery successful farming enterprise, according to the government's farm management investigations. These in vestigations were carried on to deter nine Just what were the main factors naklng for success in agriculture. The farmer who comprehends and ap plies the principles of good farm or ganization, selection of good seed, til lage, and feed, who is quick to under stand the readjustmeni and Improve ment of existing systems In case of need, is the farmer who gets the max imum result with the minimum ex penditure of money and effort. Although the farmer may not under stand the meaning of "applied econom ics," he will many times, through ex perience and training, know how to use the science much better than one versed only in the general theories. 3uch a farmer, when he hears of some Improvement in methods or redistribu tion of activities, will apply the gen sraities to his own case as soon as they are brought to his attention. While he may well look with distaste on the introduction of wholly new sys tems, he will comprehend the possi bilities of readjustment of existing systems. - The United States department of ag riculture's investigator has listed other (actors of efficiency In farming as fol lows: The magnitude of the business, whether measured by area of land farmed, amount of working capital em ployed, or the number of days of pro ductive labor provided. Organization, which determines the degree of diversity of enterprises on the farm which may be made to pro vide full occupation to the available labor and equipment while avoiding the necessity of hiring large amounts of extra labor. System of management: It Is shown that neighboring farmers, with similar types of farming, devote very different amounts of time to the various classes of enterprises on their farms because of the lack of standard systems of management of these enterprises, and It Is not always the man who devotes the most time to an enterprise who makes the largest profits from it. Lack of system means lost motion and useless work. Adaptability of enterprises: In or der that the farm may be profitable the crops and live stock maintained upon it must be adapted not only to local condition of soil and climate but also to existing economic conditions. Quality of the business: The income per animal unit is a very Important factor In profit. Yield per acre is also Important, but less so than the In come per animal unit. Moderate yields may be more profitable than very high yields. On a farm which combines a large number of these factors of efficiency, nrofits are greater than on those which are efficient in fewer things. Many other factors of efficiency exist, but they are not here dealt with for lack of sufficient data. Adaptability of Enterprises. One of the most Important factors In determining profit In farming is the adaptability of enterprises to soil and climatic conditions, and especially to existing economic conditions. Adapta bility to soil and climatic conditions is so obvious as to need only mention here, but the facts regarding adapta bility to economic conditions are not so well understood. The following table gives an estl mate of the average labor Income for one of the leading dairy counties in the state of Wisconsin and one of the leading dairy counties In the state of Massachusetts. The calculations are based on census figures In so far as these are available. The estimated cost of maintenance of buildings, implements and machin ery taxes, and miscellaneous expenses are based on the results of farm-management surveys and other Investiga tions conducted by the office of farm management. Unfortunately, certain Items necessary to determine accurate ly the labor Income are missing. In this table the labor Income represents not the wages of the farmer but the wages of the whole family. Further more, the labor Income Includes what the farm furnishes toward the family living, except the milk and cream con sumed on the farm where it is pro duced, the last census having made no estimate of the value of this Item. In addition, a good many farm families, especially In Massachusetts, earn con siderable amounts by outside employ ment, and on many farms this Is the tirinclnal source of Income. Unfor tunately, also, the census gives no In formation as to the amount of money Bpent In the purchase of live stock, so that the labor Income must be re duced by the average amount spent annually in the purchase of live stock. To sum up, the labor Incomes, to gether with the interest on the invest ment, which make up the farm in come, require the following modifica tion In order to represent the sum available annually for the family liv ing: The farm income should be in creased by the amount of milk and cream consumed on the farm where It is produced and by the amount earned by the farm family from other sources than the farm, Including, of course, Interest on Investments other than in the farm, and it should be re duced by the amount paid for live stock bought. The figures are there fore only of value as a comparison be tween different regions, for the same defects Inhere In the estimates of the two regions. Estimate of the Average Labor Incomes for Farms in a Leading Dairy County in Wisconsin and One In Massachusetts. Selected county In MassachU' Items of Comparison. Wisconsin. Betts. Number of farms 8,358 Improved land per farm, acres 65.0 Number of cows per farm 12.7 Improved land per cow, acres 5.33 When Student Acquires Little Learn ing He Will Know Why It Is Dan gerous, Says Mazle. "The varsity graduate has a good deal of conceit. He Is nothing, though, beside the undergraduate the junior or sophomore." The speaker was Chomley Porter, the brilliant varsity oarsman of Itha ca. He resumed: "On a white beach there lolled be side a pretty girl a sunburnt, bare headed sophomore in one of those queer $1S suits that the advertisements call 'ready-built,' or 'ready-to-put-on,' or 'ready-tailored' anything, In short, ready-made.' The sophomore blew a cloud of nasty-smelling smoke from his cheap cigarette, yawned and said: 'Mazle, why do they says a little learning is a dangerous thing.' Mazle touched Impatiently with her brown finger a long 'ladder' that had appeared on the ankle of her brand new pair of 39-cent silk stockings, just put on for the first time that morning. 1 'What did you say, Gus?' she mur mured absently. " 'Why, it is claimed,' the sophomore repeated, 'that a little learning is a dangerous thing.' "Mazle's calm, clear eyes look at him thoughtfully. "'Well, Gus,' she said, 'if you ever get any you'll know. "Minneapolis Journal. 6,438 Total farm Investment $10,300 $7,945 Value of farm buildings 2,279 8,283 Value of Implements and machinery 868 405 Dairy products, per cow 43 106 Value of Products. Dairy products (exclusive of home-used milk and cream) 605 532 Wool and mohair 1 Poultry products 124 183 Domestic animals sold ,. 818 175 Domestic animals slaughtered 42 2 Value of crops not fed 676 Total $ 1,666 $1,795 Expenses. Labor $ 146 I 627 Fertilizers 1 74 Feed 44 Maintenance of buildings, 4.5 per cent 103 148 Maintenance of Implements, etc., 20 per cent 74 81 Taxes, 0.6 per cent 62 4S Total (designated expenses) 429 $1,274 Miscellaneous expenses 64 191 Total (all expenses).. 493 Farm Income $ 1,073 Interest on Investment, 6 per cent 675 Labor Income 658 1,485 $ 330 891 -67 Should be Increased by the value of home-used milk and cream and receipts from outside sources. Should be decreased by the amount paid for live stock pur chased. FIGURES MOVES Curiosity In the Piscatorial World to Be Shown In New York In an Ed ucational Series A Rare Specimen. Had the Usual Success. "What! Back from the country so soon? , I thought you went up to that little place where you could get board for f 6 and $7 a week so that you could save money. "I did." "Had it all figured out that the long er you could keep your family there 'he better off you would be. ' "That's right." "And yet you're back." "Yes, I'm back, and say!" "Well?" "You couldn't loan me fifty, could you?" Bill, the famouB two-headed trout of the Yama farms hatchery at Napo nock, N. Y., has become so pleased with himself that his twin headB threaten to swell up to the bursting point. The reason is that Bill had his picture taken for the "movies" and will appear In an educational series to be shown in New York. Bills Is seven months old, a husky, beautifully marked specimen of brook trout He is perfectly formed, accord ing to experts, but just forward of the dorg&l fin he displays a tendency to lead a double life. His heads are as separate and distinct as if there were two Bills Instead of one. Dr. William Hornaday, curator of the New York Zoological park, examined Bill with Interest a short time ago and pro nounced his case unusual. John Bur roughs, the naturalist, has also ad mired Bill. Mr. Burroughs says that malformation in fish Is not unusual, but It is very rare to find a specimen that survives for any length of time. When Bill was very young his twin heads had some trouble in agreeing. When one would wish to feed the oth er insisted on swimming about, and vice verBa. But lately they seem to have formed an alliance, and now United Trout, Inc., gets along finely. In common with the other trout In the hatchery, Bill was fed ". finely strained liver until he was two months old. Since then he has subsisted up on chopped beef. The moving picture camera man took Bill In all stages of his daily routine. Intellectual Ingratitude. "You really have more money than you know what to do with!" "Yes," replied Mr. DuBtin Stax. "Why don't you endow some libra ries or universities?" "I have thought of it. But how do I know the libraries wouldn't circulate books about the evils of concentrated wealth or that the universities wouldn't deliver lectures on the dan gers of financial aristocracy?" Professional Rivalry. "I understand that beef Is going to be dearer next winter than ever be fore." "Yes," replied the Chicago packer. "What's the idea?" "We're going to take some of the pride out of (hose eastern coal barons who thought they had the world beat as price boosters." SHOP TALK. BEST LENGTHS FOR SILAGE Question Is. One Upon Which Much Difference of Opinion It Mani fested Among Farmers. (By H. H. KILDEE, Iowa Experiment Station.) In response to Inquiry as to the best lengths for cutting corn to put into the silo; Professor Klldee of the Iowa Agricultural college, makes the following reply: "The question as to the proper lengths In which corn should be cut when put Into the silo is one upon which much difference of opinion is manifested. Some advocate as long as one and one-fourth Inches, others less than one-half inch or approxi mately one-fourth inch, and the ma jority intermediate lengths. The short cuts, such as the one-fourth and one half Inch, require more power, . but lusure a more palatable silage, result ing in less waste In feeding, and make it easy to pack It thoroughly at time of filling. This packing helps to ellm bate the air, thus improving the quality, and makes it possible to put a greater quantity of corn in the silo. It is more essential that thoroughly mature corn be cut into shorter lengths than corn that Is more Imma ture and succulent, as much of the dry portions will be wasted by ani mals on full feed If not cut Into small pieces. When one considers the mat ter from all standpoints, it Is evident that the common practice of cutting the corn into one-half to three-fourths Inch lengths is the preferable dhe. Tho writer has made it a practice to cut the corn Into three-fourths-tnch lengths, but realizes that when corn becomes dry the one-half inch cut is more desirable. If the correspondent wishes a shorter cut for the upper part of the silo I would recommend the upper third be filled with one-half inch cut. 8torlng Onions. Onions should be stored in crates or In racks In the storage house. 4 'Say," remarked the wheelwright to the wheel, as he hammered away at the tire, "you're a great old rounder, aren't you?" "Oh! go take a vacation," rejoined the wheel. "You make me tired." Proportionate Greed. "This Beems to be a rather ornate hotel." "Yes. I shall not stay here long. "Why not?" "I've learned that the more gilt there Is in the lobby, the more ra pacious the waiters are in the dining room." A Secondary Consideration. First Senator I am opposed to the measure. . Second Senator Why? F. S. If I vote for it, I'll be defeat ed in the next election. And, besides, I'm not sure but that the measure Is wrong. A Profitable Course. ""I understand that when this cap italist was a little boy he made his first money by selling lemonade with a great deal of water in It." "Well, he's been consistent He got rich by selling stock with a great deal of water in It" Shouldn't Kick. "Our water pipe got choked up and the confounded plumber charged me $20 for fixing it It's an imposition! "Well, you can't say yo'j didn't get run for your money. Giving Details, Maud Kitty married a man a good deal older than she, so I hear. Marie Older! Why, he's twice her real age and three times the age the tat the It. wo-Headed Trout a Feature of the Films. LATE ELECTRIC INVENTIONS Vapor Lights Employed to Detect Im purities In Cube Sugar Elec tricity as Motive Power. Green mercury vapor lights are now used, as described in the Electrical World, to detect impurities in cube sugir and to assort the 16 different shades of ivory which go Into piano keys. Eight quartz-tube mercury vapor lights on steel towers Illuminate the yards of the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie railroad at Pittsburgh. A recent speaker on railroad motive power declared, from the returns on a division 440 miles long, that electrici ty was 25 per cent cheaper than steam. The Electrical World describes a sheot-metal case with an opening at the top through which an electric blower forces' hot air to dry the hands. The device is to displace the insanitary towel for multiple use. A foot pedal controls the operating switch. An electric range, in a test at Salt Lake City, was operated 168 hours at a cost of $1.18. By Introducing minute particles of zinc into the tissues by powerful elec tric currents a Philadelphia surgeon destroys cancers and has effected many notable cures. In a New York church there is an Incandescent lamp that has been used seven hours a day for more than seven years, which is believad to be th world's record. SKEE AIDS SWIMMING AT SEA Machine Invented by California!, Drives Operator Through the Water at Rapid Rate. What is called a skimming Bkee has been Invented recently by a native of the California coast, by which Its operator will be driven through the water by the aid of propellers at a rapid rate, head-first, as if shot from rocket The apparatus comprises a board with an Upwardly turned float the front end, while the other end is supplied with a propeller to be ELECTRICAL BURGLAR ALARM Snake Admln-.d "Movie" Star. . Something 1: strays "happening to Mary." The latest thrill to be added to this girl's life Is a battle with a snake, in which said snake met his Waterloo. Mary Fuller, with her di rector, Walter Edwin, and a company of some 35 players, Is at present up Blue Ridge mountains, Shohola, Pike county, Pa., putting on a three reel feature. "The Heart of the Night Winds." The hotel people affirmed there hadn't been a snake seen in the crick," which comes down from the big falls at Shohola, for 20 years. But when Mary pulled off her white stock ings and little black shoes and began to "sozzle" her pink toes around in the water, a big water moccasin lifted its head from the moss across the stream, and admiring beauty from afar, Bllpped into the water and swam quickly over to pay his respects to our movie heroine." No, Mary didn't shriek or run, but grasped a hickory stick and waited. , "I'll spank you, naughty snake," she warned. But with blood In his eye the snake darted at her leg. After a series of terrific "whacks," the big mottled black lay still and Mary was safe to go wading. Oevlce May Be Conveniently Attached to Door, Window or Other Movable Objects. In describing and illustrating a bur glar alarm, the Invention of S. Sundel of 103 East 125th street, New York the Scientific American says: A burgiar alarm Is provided by this Invention for the use of travelers and other persons. It may be convenient ly attached to a door, window or oth or movable part with a view to sound ing an alarm on the movement of that part. A flexible connection runs from Portable Burglar Alarm for Travelers. an electric contact device to a fixed part such as a door frame, so that when the door Is opened, the contact Is closed and the alarm 1b sounded. ANNA LUTHER Anna Luther is another picture play er who recently showed her skill In the latest steps. Miss Luther took the cup offered by the Hotel Rudolf, Atlantic City, and, emboldened by her success, is now entered In the Hotel Shelbourne contest The prize is to be a 'Paige runabout Surprise for Film Star. Rose Tapley was given a birthday surprise party at her home In East Orange, N. J., when 30 of her friends and neighbor Invaded her home, dec orated it from cellar to garret In yellow and green, and gave the popu lar player one of the most enjoyable occasions Imaginable. Mies Tapley was the recipient of many present, in eluding a handsome vlctroia, a com plete set of Shakespeare s works, nu merous books, and many other valu able and useful gifts. Temporarily With Andrew Mack, William Conklln, who for the past tlx months hat been playing Important roles In ,nn eastern company's produc tions, by permission of that company wat allowed to go to Philadelphia for the company, now filming "The Ragged Earl," with Andrew Mack In the leading role. Mr. Conklln Informs ut that the jolly Andrew it a fine horseback rider, a fact which will probably surprise m.-nv of hit friend. iwOTIIl Electric power Is generally used in watchmaking. , London averages 475,000 telegrams dally; Paris has 120,000 only. An Instrument has been Invented to measure the glare of light reflected from paper. New types of Incandescent street lamps are capable of 6,000 candle- power. Electric fans are used In city stores to drive away flies. Flies do not like electric fans. The Panama canal Is lighted along Its entire length by electricity, for lighthouses, buoys, etc. Some of the finest examples of elec trically equipped coal mines are to be found in Nova Scotia. Electric vehicles are now bein used in the Btreets of London for sprinkling and sweeping. A nfiw pocket electric flash light can be used to display light of three colors, single or In combination. A Fremh electrical device for curl Ing women's hair is said to be so effl dent that the hair retulns Its shape for months. A chain of wireless stations extends around the entire coast of Australl so that a toasting vessel never Is out of touch with the shore. Wireless messages have been re ceived in Germany from the- Cape of Good Hope, 6,000 miles distant, clearly and distinctly. An attachment hat been Invented for telephone receivers to enable stenographers to take both tides ol conversations over wires. Three million dollars have been pent to bring the power of a water fall 90 miles to Bombay for electric light and power purposes, 4 i) 1 1 1 , i T .. -t,.- ti NiihiiliWllijiKlhlftJlii'. Skee for Swimmer. nanlpulaud by the feet of the opera- or as his body rests along the length f the board. The body of the opera- or reposes In an almou horizontal josltion, and as the propeller drives im through the water his body of- ers the least possible resistance be- ause of the angle which It describes. RADIOACTIVITY OF THE BODY Examination by German Scientist Shows Different Orjans Contain Some Electric Substance. In his investigation of the radioac tivity of the organs of the human body, Dr. Albert Caan of Heidelberg has ex amined 41 organB from 12 different persons, and every one of them con tained some substance that made the air electrically conductive, as shown by the Brecker emauometer. It was concluded that this substance must be radioactive, though possibly not radium itself. The brain, and also the lungs, proved very active; but the heart and liver were less so, and the kidneys and spleen Bhowed only slight activity. . The radioactive substance seemed to Increase with age and in disease. Little effect was shown from such conditions as social position, oc cupation or manner of living, and even locality of living was unimportant. Ra dioactive substances the effect of which on the vital activity of the body cells remains to be learned might come from food and drink, or from the air. The testing emauome ter includes a receptacle for the ashes of about 100 grains of the organ under test, and this 1b connected by electric wires and a rubber tube to a wire electrometer with a microscope for fine reading In the circuit of a stor age battery. DARK ROOM MADE PORTABLE Box Hae Hinged Sides and It Col lapsible Apparatut It Easily Car ried When Folded. Of the various portable dark rooms on which patents have been granted, one of the best Is that devised by an Indiana man. The box has hinged sides and is collapsible. When Bet up It has a shield In the top for the user's face and Is so shaped that It tits around the features and does not admit light there. Entrance to the box Is through a flexible and llghtproof hood, which has elastic armholes. A slide across the face keeps the light from penetrating through the arm holes when they are not occupied. Slides containing Bheets of material Folding Dark Room. Impervious to the actinic rays are fit ted In several other places to admit, enough harmless light for the opera tor to see the work by. This apparatua Ib easily carried when collapsed and can be set up anywhere, even outdoors. World Would Grow Hotter. According to an English scientist, if the radium In the Interior of the earth Is In any way equal to that in the rocks at the surface the world will grow hotter In time Instead oC colder. Life-Saving Appllanct. A steamer chair which opjent Into a life raft when It strikes water la life-saving appliance patented by two New England man.
