" ? o r
L'tnraay Evening, July 21, 1923.
THE EUGENE-DAT-LY OTJARk
tal go Seven
B DO NOT
IEVE THE T
ifl DEPENDABLE
eTr claims the Wt may make
nolaaiuie. criminologists here do
Le that the drug-tliat-mnkpa
.the-truth has yet been found,
hiaca have been thrust upon a
, ,nd unwilling world, but not
Fine for fiction, perhaps, but
comes to fact there is another
Carried when, after it was ad-
ipd. one ni" ." , . - ,
F' . umiJ admitted I
lidT third revealed his identity.
iight not happen aner iuai
it seems the police' depart
V, not a black magic in Beopolu'
which they will be able to de
. "l - mnn In innnwnt ol
I .crime of which he has been
Li and accuseu j. ."j
f1 ..wl whev will ntill have
. triek whiskers and false
!i leave to Sherlock the needle!
were scopolamine nil that it is
fto be, in uie iimiji vHu,io w
.l.ih.fnl wliprhpr- ft mn
Jig yery uw'"'
aduced by seopolainina would be
- ,ln. itrnwRia of law.
lontrary. say tho authorities, it
lore likely e viewru a u mrm
be and as a violution -of the
l rient 01 a uwu not 10 ue
fbcnr witness against himself
Nothing New In It.
finur nhntir. aMinnl.
t byoscine, which is just about
I" said i'r. iwuuo . viicBui,v,
'...hlatrist of Bellevue. "We
t.rfi twenty years ngo, not to
ients talkative and to get state
oni them in that 'Way, taut to
hem. A heavy dose and I
that perhaps l-25tu of a grain
effect as if the patient bad
ck on the bead. It knocks him
tiler doses produce sleep and a
ium. That is an easy way to
hut It In tint irAnil fnr
Int. The' next day he retains
the poison ot tne uny Deiore.
mine produces a cloudiness of
fcegS, a IWlUgUT or. COIlBUIUUB-
fou will, or a disorientation of
I as we call it. The patient
lues'' very - impressionable and
I ... u j: i
t. XTlie, lit) UUKiil uivuige
when under the influence of
ink, but, on the other hand,
rging. threatening might bring
statements. ; 4
an charged with '.crime' is usn
emotionoU. condition. ; If inno
i greatly disturbed lest his
be not proved and if guilty
itljr distrrbed lest his guilt be
;. Indeed, the giuilty always
alibi, either physical or men
Rex Shows Wednesday and Thursday
Viola Dana In "A Noise In Newborn"
tna'oVr for a moment the attl-
kit detectives on the district
Tkey believe tne suspected
tuiltv. They are more or
nerd of it in their minds'. 'You
did it.' they shout, nnd, some-
le rid of it all the prisoner will
I did it. That is his escape,
the effects of scopolamine the
r or may not mr -nnrninea.
made under the influence of
in mv nninion should Hot be
s conclusive evidence." They
lilizatian Must Slop W
Aided by the best screen vehicle she
hns ever had, dainty little Viola Dnnn
provides the most delightful eutertniu
inent seen-in manr a dm in if ,
picture, "X Noise in Newborn." which
cornea Wednesday and Tuursriav nt the 1
lp nr-vt vo,.L' Thi. ....... I.. I
drama proves a happy comlwuation of.
swiftly moving plot, laughs, mid excellent
acting, with just i'H.iiil'Ii fiiu. .oil, ... i..
spice it.
Alias Dana is more winsome nnd de-1
liplltfnl tlin,. Ml.- .U
the picture with lovely grace, interpret-,
ing each situation with incomparable
skill. And she has untold opportunities
to reveal her versntiliiv-
Thix talented little star interprets
both pathos utul light comedy with deep
sincerity.
She plays the role of a girl who was
neglected in her hnme towu because she
was pour. Martha resents the littleness
of Newboro nnd resolves that some day
she is going to rouse these worthy citi
zens frnin their small-tuwu complacency.
After she bcnmics n famous artist in
?ew urk, she goes back to Newbnrr
and she is more than successful in mak
ing a noise. What u wonderful big noise
it is! And Newborn won't forget it soon.
may have some value if corroborative
of known facts ,but otherwise such state
ments are not to be relied upon."
No more convinced than Dr. Gregory
is Dr. Cnrleton Simon, assistant Deputy
Police t Commissioner ' in charge of the
narcotic work and lecturer on c-rimin.
ology at the new school for detectives.
scopolamine," said Dr. Simon, "is of
the belladonna irrourj and is bracketed
with atrophine, hyoscynminei hyoscine,
daturine, salnuine. and duboisine. It is
very poisonous, affects the hearing, and
spenking offhand, I would say that about
l-20rh of a grain will kill.
"There is nothing new about it,' Its
first effects are the same as the first
effects of a number of drugs nnd opiates.
.uen oecome taiKative under nyoscine,
in the first stages of chloroform and
ether rambling talk and they say
things under alcohol that ordinarily they
would not sny. But there is no reason
believ- that is the truth, the whole
truth, and nqthing but the truth.
"My observation and our experience
here arc that the drug addict does not
tell the truth. You can't believe him
in anything. His moral sense is rone
and trutn t muon a mnttcr or morals."
But there is one other point, nnd it
worthy of emphasis, because it comes
from Dr. Simon.
"I believe a great deal of harm will be
done by the publication of the claim that
scopolamine will make persons tell the
truth," he said. "I venture the nredic-
tion thnt jealous wives, husbands, ani
lovers will be trying it von each other.
They will administer it in the belief that
there is n ready way to discover tho
troth.-?.-But it-will have fatal cffeersV
Scopolamine is a very poisonous drujr.
You mark my word, we shall havo a
wholesale series of deaths from it."
MIRAGES STARTLE
REVENUE PATROLS
Washington, July 21. With phnntom
like rum runners dashing wildly about,
coast guard cutters giving chase, boot
leggers plying back and forth, an occa
sional aspiring author looking over the
ground for atmosphere, and things
booming f;eneaHj- arouUiJ the three
mile limit, lots of queer -happenings are
being reported to the navy's Hydrograph-
ic Lnuce.
As nn instance, a peacnble, lawnbiding
skipper saw recently, off Block Island
southeast light, a collier with engines
aft and with "Tray" in white letters on'
a black funnel.
The hull 'suddenly appeared to double
in height with only the tons of the mast
j risible; then nfter ten minutes, the for-
ward part lifted clear of the actual hull
and remnined like a cloud nt masthead
height, quavering a bit and disappearing,
Ionly to reappear again, resolve itself
into a distorted shape and disappear.
Soon afterwards the skipper saw in
I the same wnters a long line of stakes
I rising slowly out of the water, and
! ehnnging in annearnnco to that of a
breakwater, biding the beach entirely.
It might have been likened to a fence
nt the three-mile limit. But both the
skipper nnd tho IO'lrogrnphic Office
agreed that both the shin and the fence
were unusually clear iiuruges.
CENSORSHIP FUTILE
By LOUIS FISHER
Moscow. May III. Censorships are
futile. U was perhaps me realization
of this winch brought Hie ovut liov
erumtMit recently to modify the eeusor
ship imposed on all foreisu nouspiipci''
men here residing. - Muxim Utviujif,
Assistant CommiHsar of Foreij;n. Af
fairs, "assured a delegation of American
journalists that henceforth views "and
opinions will not louRer be subjected t.i
the censor's black -pencil.-- His will be
merely the, duty pf deletiug items, tbat
are not established facts.
This new regulation comes simult.i-m'f-usly
with the appointment, of a 'fifth
member to thuuKureign, 'Office ' whose
duty it will be? tor BuiK'rvise thp. Tress
Bureiii'.i. Mr. Kpths'tein, himself a writ
er, a graduate -of Oxford, and ex-Soviet
Ambassador to. Persia, introduced his
rvpiine by a "tea 'and friendly talk" ifh
the correspondents winch, immediately
eased relations, ' . -
This new , policy bad been preceded
by. months of travail.
,. Always was Censorship.
There nlwnyR hns been n c- nsorsMp
in Uussiar When Ienhi felt ill it W
en me more severe. This was-the middle
of March. At that time not even Lenin's
physicians had a correct notion as to
the cause of his illness, and the sup
positions of journalist) were therefore
barred from their telegrams.
H'he censor's activities, however, wore
not limited to deleting; he retarded 1ele-31-um.M.
Thus when Trelate Hutkcvitrh
was executed the dispatches covering the
item were delayed here for nt least
twenty-four hours with the result thnt
instend of printing a reasonably correct i
description of the event "emanating from1
Moscow, most of the newspapers abroad1
first hsed the biuaed accounts of the Po
lish Legations, winch were certainly
less favorable to thp Soviet cause than
the accounts of the newpaper men.
This was on excellent illustration of how
censorship .defeated its own purpose, ( ,
Now that old policy has been for'
safctn. If only a news item is true, the
censor will have to pass it whether or
not the view expressed conforms with
tho official view.'
One newspnper man stated that ho
found mioh a censorship an advantage,
for it acted as a chfek on the veracity
and correctness of his cables and mado
it impossible for him to pass along mis-1
nformation t his readers. This recalls
the famous story in connection with the
death of the late Pope Benedict. He was
fatally ill, and it was commonly accepted '
that his death was a matter of day. I
One American correspondent in Home
conceived a brilliant idea of being tho
first to ffft the news of the death to j
his paper. ' 'Every night he filed a cable
reading: "Pope died today." Each time ,
the censor, knowing that the Popo had
not yet died, stopped tho cable. But
when the Pope finally breathed hiH last
there was the usual message by the
American journalist on . the censor's
iesk, . Tli is time he passed it, and the
three words were dashed across the At
lantic before any other newspaper man
had been able, to get the news and wire
it.
TO SURVEY SEASONAL OPERATION
IN CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRIES
Savings, not only to th building in-j
dustry nnd its workers, but to the pub
Mc generally are expected to result from,
the, activities of a committee on season-
il operations in construction Industries, !
the appointment ''of which by Herbert
Hoovtr, chairman of the President's
ABE MARTIN On Topics o' th' Day
TJl' ONLY KKMilClt WK KNOW Ob" THAT'S M.VK1N' AN Y Km HIT T GIT ALONG WITHOUT A CAR.
"Well, sir this is an age o fast trav
lin," said Tell Itinkley, tMny. "Simct1,
roads, or lh' weather don't mean uothin'
no more if we git th' notion in our head
we want t go up t' liulynoplus t see a
ball game, or out I' Monterey, I'nliforny.
fur supper. YV; used t' look nt our
watches an' say, 'We don't Ixlieve we kin
make It.' but t'day it's only a (inostiou
a' gnsoliuc. Why we kin git up in th'
nioriun' , an' dress, nn' worry down an'
gg. nil sKiui over tn imper. nn lion in
a cur an' wherever we're goin' we ullus
git Iher too soon. Th' ipicstioll has
beou raised us t' whether or not all this
hurryin' hain't shorteniu' life. Wo ent
too fast an ride too fust an' some of
us look like we'd dressed too fast. WVirk
an' pay-in' hills me th' only two tilings
we do leisurely any more. Th' things
thnt nro weurin' on vitality, th' things
that are agin' an' decayin', nre th' ;
things we do in pursuit, o fHid, pleasure
au' excitement. Wo kin remember for
ty years ago th' average expectation o'
I life wux about seventy-five years, hut
t day wr re tickled to death if we git
across th' street, t' sny nothin' o' gittin'
home agin nfter a little Sunday spiu o'
"hi-ee or four .hundred miles. Hut all
this crar.e fee speed has fluitht us t' lie
cautious an' foot sure. Tber wu a
time when we got run down by drnys,
nil' it wuz no uncommon thing fer a
runaway hers'- t' wreck both sides o' th'
street fer six blocks, finally leaviii' til'
buggy tangled up in a tree. Auto own
ers iiuiy driv.- loo fust, but if it wuan'
fer auto drives tlier'd be forty people
killed, ever' day, fer most pedestrians
j have "yet t' learn enough t' look both
i ways. Why pick wit one direction t'
look an atick to it ia more'n we kin
comprehend. An' by what reason ' do
Ihey arrive at th' conclusion thnt. be
cause th.r hain't no Ford conuV from
th' west ther won't be none comin' from
Hi' fust? lint we hain't worrjln' about
Hi' pedest linns fer they'll all own cam
in a year or two an' then th' ngony'H
be over, llight t'day in th' United States
Iher's :i.."iO( men an' women who have
passed 1 li' lOd-uin rk. but they'd already
got a good start before niltoin an flyiu' '
nn' eatin' uuick wu thouiv'it of. We be
lieve iht re's somHiliin' about bciu' a
lictnoernt thnt works hand nn' glove
with longevity. We don't knnw-whnt It
is. lietnorrnts seem t' own vara an' lota
o' them are pedestrians, an' many o
them have caught th' spirit o fast eat
in', but we meet so many ole Democrats
an' it's an undisputed fact they have til'
longest nn' whitest whiskers.
Conference on Unemployment, hns just
been announced by the Department of
Commerce. This saving should bo to
flicteil in lower relative cost of dwell
ings and other buildings. Tho members
of the committee nre:
Krncst T. Trigg, manufacturer, of
PhilndclpJiiu, l'a., Chairman; John W.
Wodgett manufacturer of Grand Uupids,
Mich.; John Dunlin, 1'resid.nt, Huilding
Trades Dept. American Federation ot
I.,nbor, Washington, 1. C; U F. Kppich,
I'residcnt, National Assn. of Ileal Estate
Hoards. Denver, Col.; A. 1'. Oreensfel
iler, contrncior, St. l-smis, Mo.; John M.
Uries, Depnriiu.ut of (Joniinerce, Wnsh
iugton, D. C; O.to T. Mattery, public
works expert, of Philadelphia, Pa.; llu
dolph P. Miller, engineer, of New York;
James P. Noonan. President. Urotbcr
hnoil of Klectrical Workers, 1aahington,
D. C; Wlliatn Stanley Parker, archi
tect, of Boston, Mass.; and Edward
Eyre Hunt, secretary, Mr, Trigg, aa
chairman, has called a meeting of the
committee for July 10 nnd 11 to lay out
plana for a thorough study of tho facts.
Previous surveys havo indicated that
most construction activity ia concentrat
ed in seven to ten months of tho year,
which means that building trades work
era can not find work in their trades
during acvernl months, nud that contrite
tors' organizations nnd equipment, ar
chitects, engineers, building material
producers, nnd others connected with
construction, must uwtinlly remain idle
for similar periods. This idle time rep
resents waste, and direct losses to the
construction industries themselves, their
workers, and tJie public.
The committee was formed In the hop
that by exnmining the facts nud pro
posed remedies, it might be nblc tn sug
gest sound solutions, nnd obtain general
co-operation in effecting thein. It is
the general impression that ncnsoiial
building has been due perhaps more to
custom than to weatlor. and it is ex
pected that the investigation will Uirow
light ou this and other important points.
Lightening's Heat
Tested By Germans
Herliu, .Tune til. )I.ly tho Associated
l'rrss.) The question of the- degree of
heat generated by lightning lias been
agituted recently in (irriimny scientific
circles because oi uie eiierr, onserveu
after electrical storms, of lightning on
tJie tips of lightning rods.
It was found that a platinum tip melt
ed on behig struck. Since the melting
point of platinum is variously fixed at
1.7tM) to 1.MM) degrees ccntogradc. It was
clear that the lightning's heat exceeded
that temperature. Later an instance de
veloped in which an iridium tip was
melted by a stroke. The melting point
of this metal is said to be 2,000 degrees
centigrade.
Six Trans-Pacific
Yachts Are Ready
Snntn Hnrbara, Cal., July 21. (Jueens
of all nmnteur craft in the Pacific const
wnters, six transpacific yachts are in
readiness for the slnrter's cunnnn which
nt noon today will send them off over the
2100 mile course to llonnlul'u, the long
ost sailing racu ever attempted by the
sptrlsmen.
Tho entries' are tho Poinsett la, ' the
scratch bond, and the Mariner, Idulln.
Spindrift, Diablo, ami Viking, which will
be given time allowances ranging from
one to till Hours.
T MIES ARE ;
TO BE OPENEU
Paris. July 21. (By Universal Ser
vi( c.) The oldest mines in the world,
ahnndnncd 2,000 years ago, are to be
exploited by .an Anglo-French magaslnt
"Sciences at Voyages." '
These are the copper mines of Sinai,
ltecent tailings taken .have shown a sur
prising percentage of mineral, the pa
per says, and the recent construction
of a railroad within 100 miles of the
mines makes commercial exploitation,
again feasible.
Kxplorers who have descended In the
mines say thnt the subterranean gaiter
jes, built more than 7.000 years ago, are
still largely intact and need only a rela
tively small amount of timbering to make
them safe, due to the solidity of the rock
and absence of moisture.
NEW FORD RECORD MADE .
Detroit, July 21. Ford motor No.
8.000.000 went off tho assembly line at
tho Ford company plant here July 11, It
became known today, establishing a new
million production record.
The last million motors were produced
In just six days less than six months,
motor number 7,000,000 having been
turned nut January 17 this year. Pro'
duction at tho start of the last million ,
whs approximately '1800 motors a day
and on the increased schedule in effect
since has been brought to more than'
7000.
Sun Energy is Boundless if Used by
Mankind Intelligently.
,.-'MV.-
Charles Proteus Steinmetz, one of the great gen
iuses of the world, came to America an immigrant
in the steerahe, 34 years ago. He was a cripple
from birth, al his father had been before him, but
he brought from Breslau, Germany, a splendid ed
ucation, and a mind trained to hard application.
SteinmeT laid the foundations upon which the
marvelous development of modern electricity has
been built. Every great electrical power plant in
America is a monument to his genius. He has
invented literally hundreds of improvements and
adaptations in the use of the electric current, but
the thing that has made bis fame world wide is his
Penetrating knowledge of the fundamentals, his
philosophy of civilisation, and his sympathy with
the needs of humanity. ' ,.- .. . .
By CHARLES P. STEINMETZ
IT IS POSSIBLE for us to heat our houses, cook our food, run
our great industries, recharge our automobile batteries, and give
energy to our radio sets by sun energy. The great source of
life on earth sun power will be used more fully as mankind is
forced by. necessity to seek new means of generating heat More
than one way may be found. Crops of new and rapidly growing
plants, for instance, may be developed by our botanists and grown
on vast acreage by the farmers, to be burned and turned into energy.
' It only needs someone to find the proper electro-magnetic wave
nd we will drive our factories by power transmitted by radio.
Picture a great power plant, fed by some scientific and inexpensive
fuel, hurling immense waves of electric power into the air, tuned
to follow maffnetir uavrH round the world.
Ni wh're.T Aere were receiving
uimi ma equipped to tap tnai
"" uil power would be tram
tted to commerce and induitry at
t point Such a development would
"quire international agreement but
ra pricticl development would quick-
tion, : r v
In . . . . . . ' .. .
.L. , . e poraniit couia cut
b' of the nation until not
""'T the necessities but the luxurie, of
were witMn .i - i 1 1 c ,
raio distribution of wr Bower ilso
not merely a,ari Ti,ion bu,
0r become an actuality.
Tie wid development and use of
biraon ,nd itt broader distri
ct. -i mt about in a few
ld"tr!L,,a,e.of New Vork "lone
fPurLtT WH for industrial
Iwilitie. . e .UM ot Publ,r
tloiff oy using water
lliot V .w,,hou "dio. tmlsmii.
V,WMo"S " ""'le'in.th.t.rtate
a. living tons
of 34,000,000 tons of coal annually,
for you must remember, coal js a very
wasteful commodity.. A great deal of
its heat goes up the chimney and a
great deal more radiates from boilers
and pipes aftd never serves any useful
purpose.
At present the consumption of fuel
In New York is 54,000,000 tons yearly.
Recent strikes in coal fields and on
railroads have shown that neither of
them can be relied upon and that the
only real solution of the matter is to
become independent of them both.
Water power developing 1,300,000
horse power is now being used in
New York, saving annually 10,000,000
tons of coal. The United .States uses
innnnnnn hnr.e eower eenerited by
watof, a saving of 80.000,000 '(pns of
coal annually, ana -mere, is a laiem
horse nower fcf 0.9.000 msre or a
saving of 400.600.00 tons. " It "would
11 II UDj lift . "' ' SB t
ton tcoala year forohe-ttSfcg;
Great electrical inventor sees sun-power
and water-power broadcasted by Radio,
Humanity must have food at lower cost
by more intelligent delivery methods.
use of coal. But it behooves us to
make the best and fullest use of such
things as electricity has to offer in the
present.
It is possible that the future of the
world lies in the hands of the botan
ists who will, sooner or later, tell the
farmers what crops to grow to get the
most out of the sun's energy. But the
present of the world, nitd particularly
America, lies in the intelligent eco
nomical use of what we already have.
There is no ultimate benefit to the
consumer if the great factory turns
out gtfods Brian economical price and
then the delivery charges added to
I i
y j
3
Wizflsliiiifl
Duf oresent form of government is ap
parently successful for the main reason
that United States is a rich country
full of great natural resources and we
have been able to use tbem wastefully
for many years. The time is coming
when we cannot longer use them so
recklessly. We must make the best use
of what we have. We must do things.
bigger and better things than we have
ever done before, but we must do
them by using intelligence.
, go backward, or else we must adopt
the same methods in the field of distri-
One of the most wasteful melhcxTroution that are already beifig used in
we have now tor instance and one
that is responsible for part of our high
prices is the way we have of deliver
ing goods. Some even think that the
small retailer will in time awake to
find himself passed in the race and
that there will be no place in the com
mercial fabric of the nation for him
any more. I do not believe that is
exactly true.
There is certainy a frightful In
efficiency amoryg the individual small
scale tjistribiitors and a great loss in
tije high .prices that they pass down to
ue cons&nei "And I do tftliev. that
eitjierour iriMuitrial progress will
corne to t staad still and we will begin
the field of production. 1 here is a
possibility that efficient distribution on
a large scale will wipe out the mass
of small distributors unless they,
become efficient. The elimination of
the conservative middle class would
spell disaster.
So the small distributor must give
earnest attention to keeping down costs.
He cannot afford to deliver by old
fashioned methods. He must take ad
vantage of the power of electricity,
not alone in the proper lighting of his
place of business, bat In deliveries!
well. The electric delivery truck will
cut the costs of the distributor, and
that will ultimately cut the cons tpjhc
consumer. - f
It is foolish to merely psdict ferjril
things for the future Of elfcctricjfy
while there are so many ways flf
solving our sjroblems by0 it now. Wj
arc on our way to great (discoveries
as to new and simpler means of
creating electrical carfey without the
them make them so costly that only a
few can possess them.
, Heat and the ability to move rapidly
from plasc to place are the two great
necessities of process in this climajte.
fBut muchif rbe pfoblem In SeliveV
or.agooas u tne nousc srwnr iict not
i ....I 1? In ..-. I ...n.ll
--' 1 y--
scost and avith She minhryjn of repairs..
i see in ineowincEpuse or uk cicvjtic
.. Oo . : .
oenveio arctl. a very kimii si-w iiioiie i
riuht direction, llvits ase.tli CSuaJI 2
i':b3wr mifco.JhP. withe tHe l
times and cut his costs to minimum.
Through its use price, to the ultimate
purchaser will drop.
We are nearing the edge ol a new
geological era. Coal and oil Bra not
going to last forever in quantities that
... .. I. . !..! n . .... I . I .
" 1 " uiGu p i vov 1 1 . ,. ii .i u , a uu nus
VBirnnt um tMM.ihlf,. Kr-n miw nnwa
i. nn- mn nlnntifnl n. m nu .i I
.... ."I'l-uov.)
wnen an ine water power ot then;
United States is put to work from thai
smallest static head to th greatest
cataract, the horse power producedf-
: il ! , .i . i . .
will uuij ojuai ilia . uow priKJUCCa Dyl
the 900,000,000 tons of coal consumed!
in ,Vi Ilnit-A Kf .... - U.J
.... 1.1... ,twcd
'power alone will never give us enough)
'87(wi uiaiuiam our present IDdua-t
trial Ufa and lea v. mnv mm,
, " v4
growth. . - j ' " - I
We have got to make the fullest andl
best UB0 sf Sh IwrW u. .
command wh i In I
....... .-r.niHil(UIK wild ,
new ways of producing more. Onl
of the first .tn. .n I ..I i !
eCOOomv In rlia-r,ki.
. ' I I-
7 , ..tf
J
I
T love America,'
says Dr. Charles
P. Steinmetz, the
great scientist and
philosopher , of Sche
nectady. ,
"It took' me, a crip-
pled . boy, and gave
me a chance. I have
faith in it and, through
my electrical inven
tions, I want to help
the America of the
future.
. "We will succeed
soonest by giving
everyone a chance.
Prices must be lower,
he waste of industri
al lite must be less.
We must do things in
tfye most economical
..1.1
"1
vt
'. t .k.
; -l,itt
ii