LARGEST PAPEK IN POLK COUKj
INDEPENDENCE ENTERPRISE
PAGE EIGHT
INDEPENDENCE WILL DOUBLE IN POPULATION IN 5 YEARS
(Continued from Page One.)
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otin studied have been given considerable attention, but the first im
f Lrk on tlrfrXation of beet, was done by Widsoe and h.s asso-
L L rT3ieaW extent by imj.tion although there tendency (or
till ..." e.n.in the Pi
lr.A u higher Durity. On a gravity loam land received 20 to 27 inche 01 wa
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. . . nniT :v.aa -f water m
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ixf water aDDiieui r . . , ... ..;.:
" . . . a. n.cf Koino. with 17.78 inches in eigm hiib-..
equal irrigations. u - . .m,.,i!oM early in the sea
Beter yields were obtamea X - tQ be
. . .i ;,)
I!.... tlon fiirrow irrieation. Between twenty and twenty-nv. .
water yielded beets with highest sugar content.
hi? :.j:,,f tViaf fnr the earlv season.
J7"VMT - ti- "reals and alfalfa, but more
moisture less thoroug v irriffation when the soil contained
drv matter with increased applications of water up to 50 inches. The jield
"rdrTmatter for each inch of water decreased as the total water dunn the
asonTncrla'sed. In pounds of water for a pound of dry matter there was
an increase from 569 for 15.25 inches of water to 1,186 for 60.25 mihes.
Nearly three times as large a yield" of dry matter would be produced when
S inches re spread over four acres as when it was applied to one acre.
Bulletin 117 shows sugar beets to gain nearly five tons to the acre when
the amount of water was increased from five to ten inches , but when more
than ten inches were given there was little increase in tonnage. An acre
of land with 30 inches of water applied produced 2 .82 tons and when spread
over six acres the same quantity of water gave a total yield of 82.68 tons.
Results given in Bulletin 118 definitely indicated mat pan, oi w.c
sugar beets was due to the water applied prior to the irrigation season, al
though such irrigations were not nearly s valuable as those added later. The
percentage of well-shaped beets was higher when the water was applied at
the usual times. Water added about a month after planting had distinctive
Value in determining a high yield. It was very important that the applica
tions be regulated to keep the sod uniformly moist during July and August.
September irrigations had little value, less than two inches during this month
fc0ir amnB where the amount had been sufficient the two previous months.
With ordinary quantities of water to be applied, almost without exception,
the greater the number of irrigaions, using he same quantity of water, the
larger the yields. It is believed that with fifteen inches of water, four irri
gations are sufficient and three would be nearly as good. Applying five in
ches every other week during the irrigation season appeared to be the bet
practice. Although it is seldom wise to have more than two-week intervals
btween irrigations, the frequency of applications may be decreased as the
total water applied throughout the season is increased.
Bulletin 119 shows a tendency from the earliest to the latest date of har
vesting, for a decrease in the proportion of leaves as the quantity of irriga-
Jion water increased. Although the water in the whole plant and the leaves
decreased as the water applied decreased, the moisture in the roots remined
practically constant for each period irrespective of the quantity of water usea.
Bulletin 120 brings out the facts that although there was only a slight
increase in the percentage sucrose with the water applied up to 35 inches,
the percentage of carhohydrates increased quite staedily with increased
quantities of water used. The application of 50 inches in every case de
creased the sucrose content. The percentage purity was lowest with the
mHlW. of water and highest with intermediate applications up to 20 inthes
The per cent sucrose and purity were higher in October than in September. J
Description of the Experiment .
ti. oT,rimflntal work reported in the bulletin was conducted on the
Greenville Experiment Farm two miles north of Logan, Utah. The soil.which
is a well-drained uniform clay loam to great depth, has been described in de
tail in Utah Station Bulletin No. 115. The land was manured every year
and was plowed in th- fall except one year when fall .r.ns made it neces
sary to wait till spring. The land was planted alternately to beets nd pota
toes. The soil will hold about 22 per cent of moisture as a maximum under
field conditions. The plats were 30 b seven-foot space between the plats.
The water was measured by means of a Coppoletti weir and taken to the
land in wooden flumes, where it was added to the beets by the flooding meth
od. All the water was retained on the plats by banks around the edges. To
a number of plats water was added ech week during the growing seson, but
the time of applying water to, most of the plats depended on the stage of de
velopment of the plants.
The sugar beet plant was divided into four stages as follows: First, just
before thinning time; second, four weeks after thinning; third, when the
beets averaged two inches in diameter; and fourth: when the beets were
nearly but not quite ripe.
A five-inch irrigation was used as a sta,.oard at thest- stages. An applica
tion of this amount was given at each stage, at each two stages, at each
three stages, and to all four stages, thus triving quite a number of different
conbinations. It is possible, therefore, from the results obtained to deter
mine which stages are best when either one, two, or three irrigations are
used. '
In the weekly irrigations one plat received one inch, another 2 inches, an
other 5 inches, and another 7 inches of water each week during the regular
irrigation season.
The experiment was begun in 1912 and carried through 1912, 1914, 1915,
and 1916, giving five years results. Conditions during these years were
made as uniform as possible in every respect. The record of precipitation
during the first four years is given in Utah Station Bulletin No. 146. It
averaged nearly 18 inches a year.
Certainly the most important consideration in connection with irrigation,
from the farmer's point of view, is its effect on the yield of the crop.Where
beets are sold on a sliding scale the farmer is also interested in the per cent
supar contained; the sugar factory is always much intereste-l in this item.
The yield of both roots nd tops is reported, the quantity of tops being of
very much less interest than that of roots; yet the tops do have a decided
value as a fertilizer when plowed under and as feed for stock. The yield of
tops is expressed as tons of wilted to the acre.
In reporting these experiments, the results are separated into two divi
sions; (1) those from the plats receiving regular weekly irrigations, and (2)
those from plats receiving water only at certain periods in the growth of
the plants.
Figure 5 shows the five-year average yield of beets and tops on plats re
ceiving no water, 1 inch weekly, 2 inches weekly, 5 inches weekly, and 7
inches weekly. It will be noted that the highest yield was obtained with one
inch weekly, or an average total of 12.8 inches for the entire year. That
receiving 2 inches weekly, or 32 inches during the year, gave only slightly
less yield; but where 5 inches and 7 inches of water were applied weekly
the yield was decidedly reduced. With the larger amount the yield was al
most exactly the same as it was where no irrigation water was applied. The
yield of tops luic about the same general relationship as the roots.except that
with high water proportionately more tops to roots were produced than where
no water was applied.
Figure 6 shows the average yield of roots and tops on plates receiving five
inch irrigations at various stages in the growth of beets, The lowest yield
was obtained where the land was irrigated after the seed was planted and
before it came up. The yield with this treatment was decidedly less than it
was where no water was given.
Comparing the various periods where but one five-inch irrigation was giv
en, it will be seen that the third period, when the beets averaged two inches
in diameter, was the most favorable; the last period, when the beets were
nearly ripe, was the least favorable. The second period was decidedly more
favorable than the first. It will be further noted that the yield of tops wag
greatest with the very late irrigation. This means that the farmer by looking
For
MEN
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In Selecting a GIFT it U the part of COMMON SENSE to
Choose .omething u.eful-Thi. .ea.on we have an unu.u
ally complete assortment of wearables appropriate for
CHRISTMAS GIFTS.
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t
All these articles are up to our usual high standard of qual
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pack them in Christmas packages if requested to do so.
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j yvivT'
Make Your Selections Early,
to take your purchases now,
aside" for you.
If you do not wish M
we will "lay them
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at his beet field will likely be deceived into thinking that the very late irri
gation is increasing his yield much more than it really is.
Upon the examining the plats receiving two, three and four irrigations,
the value of irrigation water during the third stage is very evident. The high
est yield was received where a total of 15 inches were applied, It will be re
membered that in the weekly irrigations a higher yield was obtained for
12.8 inchs than for 32 inches.
It seems, therefore, that the total requirements of sugar beets for irriga
tion water are not large, but he period of applicaiont is important.
. Size and Shape of Beets.
The average weight of beets under the different treatments show that
the size of beets follows closely the relationships that have already been
pointed out for yield. This was to be expected since the stand on all plats
was practically the same in the spring and yield was largely, but not entire
ly, an expression of size. The size of beets irrigated only at the fourth stage
was proportionately less than the yield would indicate.
The length of beets shows that where VA Inches of water were given each
week the length of beets averaged very slightly less than those receiving no
water. The longest beets on the weekly irrigations were produced by one
inch of water each week, but the differences due to the treatments were vry
slight. Five inches of water applied at any period made the beets longer than
thos that were not irrigated. The longest beets were those irrigated at the
first three stages. The very late irrigation had but little effect in lengthing
the beets.
There is a popular idea among farmers that the first irrigation should be
delayed just as long as possible in order to induce the beets to go deeply into
the soil.In order to incraaM laogta, soma van allow their beets to be posi
tively injnrd by droUgnt tppWW water. The results reported here
which represent many thousands of careful measurements during five years
show the old idea is largely a fallacy.
In the ordinary good beet soil that is well drained an irrigation does not
decrease the depth of penetration of beets; it rather assists them to go deep
er. Of course this does not contradict the well-known fact that beets are
likely to be shorter on a soil that is absolutely water-logged. This condition
to a slight extent has already been pointed out where a total of 96 inches of
water were applied.
In view of these experiments, it seems folly to let beets suffer for want of
water and be permanently injured in order to'get them to root deeply.
The percentage of forked beets is shown to bear very little consistent rela
tionship to the amount of water or the time of its irrigation. In the weekly
irrigation tests the beets that were not irrigated had the largest number of
forked roots while in the plats that had water applied at different periods
the plat rece ivingwater at the first stage only had the least number of fork
ed roots. The greatest number was on plats, irrigated early and late The
differences, therefore, are not consistent and the idea that any method of
irrigation greatly increases the tendency toward forkedness seems unwar
ranted.
Summary.
1 In the bulletin results of five years experiments on the irrigation of
pugar beets are reported.
2 When the beets were watered each week during the growing season
one inch of water weekly gave a higher yield than did more than this quantity
3 When but one irrigation wai given it was roost effective when applied
at the time the beets averaged about two inches in diameter.
4 Irrigating the land after the Heed wus planted and before th
were up reduced the yield below that where no irrigation water was PP
5 The least desirable time to apply water after the plants had begun'
grow was juwt before the beets were ripe.
When the water was applied at the proper time, two or three
tions of five inches each irave nractinillv -....nit. o. u,her rnort"
ter was used.
7 Proportionately more tops were produced by the high und the late: -ngations
than by the opposite conditions.
a ihe percentage augar and the purity were higher in lite Irrigate T
. .-tmgauM beets, except where the irrigation water was added
II f t
The highest percentage of sugar iesul!d from
- w. u. oeeu wwe about two inches in diameter.
wr. u ? popular rp,nio"' tl,e of beets waa not increa
- " oi applymg the f,rft .rrigation.
rnoun f Pm'en!aKe of f"rt ''t Lore no consistent relshtn.hlp to
c Mount of irrigation water Kpplied
same fT" ,he avi of beeta in practical!?
same manner thnt. t ofr.i n.. ,
r, ...t ,.cu Ule l0U1, yie (J.
0 "oc reqmn large .tiautities of irrigation water "
' - fiioiiiM' mm hi inu iitt'n ir in irivi'iit
i irrigated water iPf1
taed bj'
pre.,
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