A HOME COURSE
H. nirMbUrg, Ftm. A. NaW, Ykm Pra. a W. In I, Cm!.
IK AGRICULTURE
Tbe
IIHotv Plants Eat and Grow
DyCV.CRECORY
Independence National Bank
Here's a Home
for $550
I Agricultural Division Iowa State Collect
Incorporated 1889
Yor Hnlo or Trade 4!ood house and
barn and I wo ri of lurid In
North lndpiiid'ii. G roonnd
bouse and turn room for 4 horaca.
Will lakrt good team of horsca for
(art pay. I'rlcii
Chas. i. Hicks
Independence, Oregon
EVKRT growing plant ia a tltt I
factory. TUa green coloring I
mmirr of the Irate, or cUU J
MI'lij II, la Ilia engine. Tlia '
iiiiiHclil la ilia power Hint wakea the
inuiim go, ana the air, water ana aome
(if the kulixtarirra In Ilia aill ar. the
row tiKitoflala.
I'l diT the nUmiilatlng Influent- of
stinll'.-ht the lilnri'i'tij II Ink.-H the car
bon ill.aluc gin of I ho air ai d the a-
tr, iilirv'iti and nilni-nihi wlihh (I.h
riNiU avnd tip In Hie form of riiih iiii
anil liiim thrill In pier-, 'I lien It puts
l lictn loKcilicr m 11 1 ii In ItiitnlrtHlii of
ilinVrrtit waj . It iimkm llicin Into
Hit' Kiin li of tin luitnt'i or tho minr .f
I In aio-ilor war and i.mkca the hard,
fmriiy uliiii-n of ii l.iTi.i l of iMiprorn or
the loiiuli MImt ff ii coniHtalk. Ity
-
Sprag Your Trees
with dependable brand I.lino and Sulphur Solution. Manufactured by
fjdLoit Ktola Company of Salem, Orison. Strictly pure or $100 forfeit.
Wo guarantee our cuhioiihth a 30 degree Ilautue teat. For sale by
R. M. Wade tt Co., agents, ludopondonce, Oregon, or direct from
GIDEON STOLiZ COMPANY
Salem, Oregon.
Remedies are Needed
Wera wa perfect, which we are out, medicine would
not ofteo be needed. But tinea our systems have be
come weakened, impaired and broken down tnrouga
indiscretions which have (one on from the early sfei,
through countleti fenerations, remediea an needed to
id Nature in correcting1 our inherited and otherwise
acquired weaknesses. To reach the aeat of atomach
wellness and consequent digestive troubles, there is
nothing ao good as Dr. t'ierce's Golden Medical Discov
ery, a glyceric compound, extracted Irom native medic
inal roots sold for over forty year with great satisfaction to all users. For
Weak Stomach, Biliousness, Liver Complaint, Pain in the Stomach after eating,
Heartburn, Had Breath, Belching of food, Chronio Diarrhea and other Intestinal
Derangements, the Discovery ii a time-proven and most efficient remedy.
The genuine has on Its
outside wrapper the
Signature
You can't afford to accept secret nostrum at a substitute for this non-sloo-holie,
medicine or inown composition, not even though tha urgent dealer may
thereby make a little bigger profit.
Dr. Pierce't Pleasant Pellets regulate and invigorate stomach, liver and
bowels. Sugar-coated, tiny granules, easy to take as candy.
M B L A' S
A non-lntoxlcant, pure and refresh
ing beverage. Brewed from choice
malt and hops. Those who
TLJSH1 jVEH3L.AS
pronounce It absolutely the best mild, .
non-lntoxlcnf'ng drink en the market.
Ask your druggist for It. Also for
sale at the local soft drink establish
ments. For prices write
Salem Brewery Association
SALEM, OREGON.
PEOPLE'S MARKET
& FliUBflCflER, Proprietors
Fresh and Cured Meats
Fish and Game in Season
Phcnes, tfome 610; Bell 693
Main Street Independence, Oregon
Dr. O. E. Mills
Veterinary Surgeon
' Phone: Office 165, residence U&,
Office at Newt Jones Livery Ban.
INDIPEKDKC, CYBOOK
1 BUSINESS COLLEGE
iWAMflNWTOM AMD TBNTM WTm,
PORTLAND. ORISON
WRITE FOR CAT1LOB
1
no. in tub obowth op cons BOOTH.
building them up In at 111 different
It mukea the bard wood of the ouk or
tho delicate petals of a rocc. Mini,
with all akilt and machinery, hn
never been uble to make any products
Imtf ao wonderful na are being made
every day In every field on your farm.
If plants are to grow rapidly aud
produce large yields, tbey must be well
fed. About half the dry weight of a
mature plant la made up of carbon.
Practically all of this cotuea from the
carbon dioxide of the air. Every acre
of wheat will use a ton of this gaa or
all that la In a layer of nlr three miles
deep over the acre. The constant mix
ing of the air by the wind la alwaya
bringing fresh auppllea within reach of
the plant.
The farmer does not need to concern
himself with the supply of carbon di
oxide, for every time he builds a fire
or even breathes be la adding- to tin
store of thla material In the air.
The smooth upper surface of a leaf
la both air and water tight On the
underside, however, are many small
openings, which are really the mouths
of the plant. It Is through these tiny
holes that carbon dioxide Is taken Into
the leaf to be used by the chlorophyll.
In making starch and other products
out of carbon dioxide and water some
oxygon la given off. This passes out
through the openings In the leaves.
Thus you see that plunts breathe In I
much the same way as animals do,
only they give off oxygen, the product
which la used by animals, and take up
carbon dioxide, the gas which Is
breathed out by animals. In this way
plants make animal life possible. An!
mills give off carbon dioxide and
munure as waste products. Plants
tear these waste products to pieces
and by rebuilding them make them
once more Into food for the animals.
Next to carbon hydrogen and oxy
gen are the foods that the plant uses
In largest quantities. Since water is
composed of these elements, the sup
ply will be plentiful as long as there
Is plenty of water in the soil.
There Is one element, nitrogen,
which forms a considerable part of
the plant, that Is harder to get. While
three-fourths of the air is nitrogen.
the plant does not seem to be able to
use it In this form. The only kind of
plants that can use the nitrogen In the
air at all are the legumes, such as
clover and alfalfa. Certain bacteria
that live on the roots of these legumes
have the power of changing the at
mospheric nitrogen Into forms in
which the plant can use It. We shall
study more about this process later.
Nitrogen Is one of the most Impor
tant plant foods, and It Is one that is
very often lacking. If the plant can
not get a sufficient supply of nitrogen
It will be stunted, will stop growing
parly, and the yield will be very much
reduced. Since all the crops, with the
exception of the legumes, must get
their nitrogen from the soil, the farm
er must see to It that there Is a plen
tiful supply there if he wishes to ob
tain a large yield.
If you will drop a little rich black
soil on a hot shovel some of It will
go up In smoke. The part that burns ii
humus and Is made up of vegetable and
animal matter which Is partly de
cayed. This humus contains large
amounts of nitrogen, and from this
aource the greater share of this ele
ment used by the plant must come. If
your soil Is black, spongy and well
supplied with bumus there Is little
danger that the plant will go hungry
for nitrogen. One of the best ways to
keep a Held In this condition Is to ap
ply liberal quantities of barnyard ma
nure. Another way Is to plow under
green crops, especially clover. Some
times It Is necessary to buy nitrogen
for the plant In the form of commer
cial fertilizers, bat this Is a very ex
pensive way of obtaining It
Even wben the plant la siren all to
nltiaaa it cm aa ft wmsdBM Calls
to do well. Ttila la because It cannot
Itet na tniii h of tha minors! element,
aa It needs.
Too much nltroKru In proportion to
the amount of mineral elewetite i-uusea
tho plant to "go all to vines." Thera
ii e au excfHKlv growth of leaves,
but the yield of grain will Im sum II.
Tako an ear of com or m bunch of bay
ami burn It Tha aches that are left
are tho mineral parts of the plnnt
Thi-no rniiiuit l obtained from air or
water, but muNt rouitt from the Ml.
Koine of tbe iiiimt !uixrtant of llicne
are Iron, which la the auhittiiiiee that
lielpa to build up i hlorophjil, and mil
phnr. whli b la found In the nltn-
. tmiiH pnrta or ll.e plant, ihere are a
tiiimlx-r of other alto, nil of vlit It
jure present In the anil In wt'ii larj-'e
i amount that there will probably al
j way U all that the crops ran tine,
j Two of thi-Mo iiiliierala, however, po-
i . .....I . I I ... ...
i iu"jijijj nmj iJieriiioriiH, in- not r
I plentiful. When tbe plant cannot pot
: etiotiu'h potasNlum the (;ruln will not
be filled out well. If there 1m fro little
ptioHphoru. enpiiiil!y hi the cane of
j fruit trees, the development of fruit
Ik checked. Adding barnyard immure
to tho aoil helps to keep up the BUpply
of these two "materials. On fnrius
where little Htoek la kept or where
grain ha been raised continually for
years and little attention paid to tbe
aoll It la sometimes nei-esnary to apply
phoapborua and KitHHlum In the form
of commercial fertilizers.
In the eastern pnrt of tbla country
there are many farms that have be
come ao badly run down that crops
will not grow at all unless they are
fed with commercial fertilizers. These
arc very expensive, and It often takes
nearly all a farmer makes to pay his
fertilizer bills. These farms would
never have become ao worn out If they
had been properly cared for. Leaving
plowed ground, especially on hillsides,
exposed for several months during the
fall and winter allows much phuit food
to wash away. Growing the same
crop year after year wears out the
land rapidly. Different crops require
different kinds of food. By changing
crops from year to year no one food
material Is used to excess and the
others wasted. By keeping aa much
stock on tbe farm as possible, saving
the manure carefully and spreading it
on tbe fields before it rots or leaches
away and by using leguminous plants
to gather nitrogen tbe soli can be kept
well supplied with plant food.
It Is much more profitable to feed
the crops in this way than to buy
plant food on the market at excessive
prices. Usually, however, the plant Is
hungry for the mineral elements not
because they are not In the aoll, but
because they are in a form in which
It cannot get at them. The roots of
the plant spread all through the soil
In search of food. If you will look at
a little root through a magnifying
glass you will see that it is covered
with root hairs. It is through these
root hairs that the plant takes up food
from the soil. There are no openings
directly into them, but the walla are
so thin that the water can soak
through to tbe Inside. Solid sub
stances, of course, cannot get in, so
that the plant food must be dissolved
In water before It can get Into the
roots and so up to the chlorophyll.
which is waiting to build It Into seeds
or leaves.
If the soli has been worked until it
is fine and loose each little particle
Transacts a General Banking Business
In to rest Paid on Time Deposit
Director!: H. Hlraohberg, A. Nelaon, D. W. 6eart, B. F.
Smith and J. E. Rhodes.
tour Attention lias
Deen Drawn
often to some home wbrre He
ioitmtr tx tried to Ik) having the
huh of their live. You have,
donhllee, wlhed )nu rould hat
euch a lolly icood lime at your
)ioue. You ran eaully moii.
One ttl our tlkl.it inx-binea will
furnlxli any kiiol of entertaluiuent
von dnsire. hlop In and see what
wealth of enjoyment it will afford
L. F. SAVAGE
247 Commercial 8 1 reel, HaWwu, Or.
jl
plotting gleaned
Pressed ana Repaired
next door to City Restaurant, ca C street
Independence Oregon
THE NOBLE
D. A. MADISON, Prop.
Corner Commercial
and State Street
SALEM, OREGON
Dallas Steam Laundry
Best Vork Guaranteed
Basket leaves Tuesday 6pm and returns Friday
Clee Robinson Jgent
Independenck, Oregos
A. C. MAGER3, Proprietor
TELEPHONE MAIN 175
Standard Liquor Co.
WHOLESALE DEALER IN
WINES, LIQUORS Sr CIGARS
148-156 S. COMMERCIAL STREET
SALEM
OREGON
ma. rv magnifiep section op undrb-
BIDM OP LEAF SHOWING BREATHING
POKES A, A, A.
will become surrounded by water,
which will readily dissolve the plant.
food from it. If, on the other hand,
the soil is in tbe form of chunks and
clods very little of the plant food can
be dissolved. The plant food that is
on the inside of a clod might as well
be out in the road or over on one of
the neighbors' farms.
Some of the potassium and phos
phorus will not dissolve even when
brought in contact with water. It
takes a long contact with the air to
tause chemical actions which will
change it into a soluble form. Con
tinual stirring of tbe soil hastens this
change. Thorough stirring also loos
ens up tbe ground so that air can get
down to the roots. Without aid they
will atop growing and tbe entire work
of the plant will atop. The yellow ap
pearance of a patch of corn In a low
place wnera the ground la water oa.lv
d la du to lack of air about atM
roots.
COTTAGE HOTEL
Mrs. J. F. Staiger, Proprietor
Special attention to Commercial and
College Organizations.
Telephone snd mcnengsr terries at hotel.
160 Court Street. Telephone 209 Main.
Salem, Or.
FRESH GOODS
are liked best by a good many to
bacco connoiseurs. Those which are
freshly made are soft, sweet-scented,
burn even and last longer than those
which are allowed to dry out thor
oughly. Fact is, we sell hundreds of
cigars direct to consumers on this
account If you are fond of a good
cigar, try one made by
SALEM CIGAR FACTORY
Salam, Oregon.