The Monmouth herald., October 06, 1922, Image 6

«
GREEN MANURING ONE OF OLDEST
METHODS USED TO IMPROVE SOIL
Helen Ferguson
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" * * * ' ' * * *■ ■* * * +
D A IR Y
FACTS
PRACTICE OF PASTEURIZING
Dealers Know That Milk So Treated
Keepe Better ana Prevents
Spread of Disease.
i p r t p t m l by th s U n l t ,d S ta te s D e p a r tm e n t
of A g ricu ltu re )
Red Clover Rank* High in Importance Among Leguminous Crop«.
Although green manuring I* one of
flie oldest methods used to tnulntnln
or to Increase the productivity of the
*.oll, there have been enough new de­
velopment» in the practice and In the
plants used for the pur|»ose In recent
years to make desirahle the publica­
tion by the United ¡States Department
o f Agriculture of Farmers’ llulletln
1250, (ireen Manuring, by C. V. l'lper
nnd A. J . Dieters.
The subjects discussed range from a
definition of the term “green manur­
ing," which means “the turning under
o f any crop, while green or soon after
ripening, for the purpose i>f soil Im­
provement,” to descriptions of the
many crops that are used for laud
betterment In most regions of the L'nit-
«sl States and in some other countries.
The use of special green-manure crops,
mtys the bulletin. Is much more general
In the South than In the North. In
the semi arid regions, for reasons
made clear, under dry farming green
manures are not used, hut lu Irrigated
areas In the West orcharillsts depend
upon them to a great extent to Increase
the yield of fruit.
Crops Benefit Soil.
These crops that ure grown primar­
ily as roughage for feeding the soil pro-
duee both chemical ami physical ef­
fects thut are of benefit to plunts that
succeed tlietn. When a green-manure
crop is turned under, the various
fertilizing elements thut have gone in­
to the making of the crop are returned
to the sot), uud a quantity of organic
mutter not before In the soil Is added,
amt, In addition to Improving the
physical condition, serves us food for
beneficent bacteria. One of the most
Important functions of organic matter
In the s >11 Is to keep up the nitrogen
supply. The hulietln gives three ways
in whirl/this Is done: (1) Orowth of
nodule Imcterla on roots of leguminous
plunts; (2) the niuking of nitrates hy
soil bacteria from orguuir nitrogen In
the soil; nnd (3) growth of bacteria
and molds that feed on plant waste
In the soil and take nitrogen directly
from the air. These processes may
lie stimulated by Adopting the proper
practical and suitable crops.
Satisfactory Cover Crops.
Legumes ure of course the most
satisfactory cover crops under most
conditions, nnd all legumes do not
hnre the sume strain of nodule bnc-
terta. fo r Instance, that of clover Is
different from that of alfalfa, and
that of. the cowpea Is distinct from
Unit of the soy bean. These selective
associations of plants nnd hnctoriu
make Inoculutlon of the soil necessary
where the r r o p has not been previous­
ly grown, either by scattering soil from
a held where l|ie crop to he sown
tins been grown recently or hy using
an artificial culture,
A strain of
bacteria will often Inoculate dlffer-
A Field of Soy Beans, a Good Home-
Grown Feed, Rich in Protein and
Excellent for Dairy Cows.
ent closely related legumes. Alfalfa,
t>ur-clovcr, and sweet clover nodules
are pro,In • 1 by the same stri^i I a
different strain Inoculates most of the
vetches, n* well as the Arid and garden
|>eaa; still another strain la apparent­
ly used In common by red. white, at-
■Ike, and crimson cloven.
The quesMon often arise», whether a
rrop should he turned under for green
manure, fed on the farm, or sold a*
hay
The authors sum up the argu­
ment as follow a: Where a forage crop
ran be grated or advantageously fed
■ nd the manure returned to the land,
this will be found moot profitable.
Where insufficient live sunk U kept
or where the soil Is poor nnd In need
of organic matter, a green crop rnay
often be worth more If turned under.
It Is known that the turning under of
a green manure crop muy effect the
yield of subsequent crops even to the
third year, nnd this fuel should have
weight when the question of selling
a legume hoy crop or turning It under
is considered.
A Regular Farm Practice.
Oreen manuring In some form should
he part of the regular farm practice
on most of the farms east of the
hundredth meridian and on Irrigated
land elsewhere. Itotatlons should be
arranged so ns to work In u green
ninnure crop between regular crops
without sacrificing direct money or
feed crops.
Preference should he
given to a legume If possible. The
value of these crops Is determined by
the quantity of humus formed,
meusureil by the tonnage of the crop,
the physical changes brought about In
the soil, and the qunntlty of nitrogen
taken from the air nnd added to the
soil. There ure probnbly other factors
thut are ns yet but little understood.
It Is suld that green manure In or­
chards checks certain diseases and Im­
proves the quality of the fruit.
Order of Importance.
The leguminous crops grown In this
country listed In the bulletin In order
of importance a re : Ued clover, alfal­
fa, nlsike clover, sweet clover, cow-
peas, peanuts, soy beans, velvet beans,
Helen Ferguson, the “movie” star,
achieves the high point of her career
in a late popular production. She it
a versatile young lady who writes,
paints and acts. Helen was born in
Decatur, III., and began her picture
work In Chicago about six years ago.
---------O---------
G What’s in a Name?”
*
£
By MILDRED MARSHALL
Fact* about your name; lit history;
moaning: whence It was derived;
significance: your lucky day
and luc\y Jewel
W IXIFK ED
N X 7IN IF IIE D lins the fanciful Inters
v v pretatlon of "White Stream.” It
sounds strangely reminiscent of forest
glades and pagan elves, but It Is really
derived from Welsh religion. Accord­
ing to legend, a Welsh nun, named
GwenfrewI was beheaded by a furious
prince culled Caradoo because she re­
fused bis addresses. After the fash­
ion of most Welsh saints, she caused
a well to spring up over the place of
her martyrdom.
This well does not flow continually,
but It has medicinal values anti Its
stones are said to he red-veined with
the blood of the saintly nun. She wns
called by the English St. Winifred and
as Winifred, or Wenefred, was accept­
ed by Wales In place of the somewhat
unpronounceable Gwenfreivl. Indeed,
her popularity In Wales was so tre­
mendous thnt she becume utmost the
national Welsh/name.
Tlie Saxons had a Winfrlth, which
meant “friend of peace,” which Is fre­
quently confused with Winifred, anil
Is sometimes used iutcrchangeahly
with It. Winifred has never gained
the vogue here that she has In Eng­
land. Hut Winnie, the diminutive, Is
popular in America, which loves con­
tractions und endearments. Curiously
enough, none of the European coun­
tries have adopted the name or placed
the stamp of tlielr influence upon It.
It remains purely a product of the
British Isles. Freda Is another con-
(motion which Is popular In this coun­
try. Whether the German Frieda Is
allied with this Is an open question
with etymologists.
The beryl Is Winifred's tallsmanlc
stone. It assures her amiability nnd
gives her unconquerable charm, nrcord-
An Excellent Stand of Alfalfa.
Ing to an old prophecy. It Is said thnt
crimson clover, field peas, vetch, Japan no one wearing a beryl will lose in liti­
clover, bur clover, nnd white clover. gation. It also awakens love In ninr»
A few others, such ns beggurweed, rled people. To dream of It signifies
grass pens, fenugreek, nnd horse heuns happiness In store. Friday Is her lucky
are grown to a small extent In re­ day nnd 2 her lucky number.
stricted loenlltles.
Non leguminous (C o p y r l« h t by t h s W b e l i r Sj a l l o t s . In c )
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cro|>s that are considered ns useful
green manures ure grasses, buckwheat,
weeds, nnd some plants of the mustard I
family that are used more In Euro|K> j
than In this country.
The bulletin contains more than 40
IS
WOOD
ALCOHOL __
pages of valuable Information » these
FATAL
A
plants and the ways of handlln, i am;
—
also t a b h 'S of results thnt show their
ffp ilE K B Is not a single property of
value In Increasing return». A copy
-*■ wood alcohol, except Its poisonous
may he obtained free by addressing
effects, by which anyone but a chemist
the Department of Agriculture, Wash­
I can
distinguish between
purified
ington, D. C.
"woag” and the ordinary or "grain”
•'
I 1 •• . 11 • t r ir.mi e, odor and
ERADICATION OF ALL WEEDS j taste of the two ure so strikingly
alike thut even chemists who have
One of Mott Serious Agricultural I bad much experience with them are
| unable by these properties to distin­
Problems Is Prompt Destruction
guish between them with certainty.
of Noxious Plants.
■ This difficulty is greatly Increased
There Is nothing which has n graver when flavoring matter or coloring ma­
menace to agriculture than otir noxi­ terial of any kind Is added.
ous weeds. It Is all right to think
The action of wood alcohol upon
of serious marketing problems nnd the human or animal organism la,
economic subjects, hut the solution of however, entirely different from that
these Is not a hit more important than of ordinary alcohol. When the latter
I the prompt eradication of Canada Is taken Into the body It is rapidly
j thistle, quack grass and other noxious converted Into water and carbonic
! weeds. Town, city ami village must acid gas— harmless substances of
| lend mutual strength to the warfare on which any excess Is promptly elimina­
weeds. It Is a community problem, a ted by the kidneys and lungs. \\ cod
personal Issue.
alcohol, on the other hand. Is not so
changed. It remains in the body for
ROBBING SOIL OF FERTILITY consider t f r time and Is slowly made
over Into formic sold, a poison which
Of Utmost Importance That Land Be Is found In the bodies of ants. Thta
poison, together with another from tha
Kept Fert e With Manure
same source—formaMehj de—attacks
and Phoaphorwa.
the brain and other organs, causing
If fanners continue to rob the soil blindness or death. These effects hav*
: of Its natural store of fertility , what resulted from as small a dose as two
la the next generation of human be­ teaspoonfuls of the poison and
ings going to do for food? Our best chemists agree that It Is as Impossible
soils can prodm-e profitably only 0 *> to produce a non poisonous wood
to 40 years unless they are kept fertile alcohol as It Is to make a h am leva
with manure, clovers, and Anally phos­ prussic sold.
l C * » * r i « h i k r Ik * W k M iw « » a l l o t s . la w )
phorus.
WHY
The practice of pasteurizing milk Is
growing rapidly in the cities of till»
country, as shown by figures collected
by the United States Department of
Agriculture.
Through pressure of
health departments and through volun­
tary action by milk dealers, plant after
plant has been switched over from raw
milk. It is now generally recognized
hy those who have studied the prob­
lems of milk supply, that proper pas­
teurization does not Injure the chemi­
cal or nutritive properties of milk, and
that It does destroy all bacteria that
may produce disease.
Milk dealers
know that milk so treated keeps bet­
ter and satisfies customers, und that
It prevents outbreaks of disease which
might cast discredit on their product
and injure their business.
With these facts in mind It is easy
to see why the practice has grown. In
10X5 only 77.8 per cent of the cities
with population of more than .*¡00,000
reported more than hulf of their milk
pusteurlzed, while in 1921 every city
In this class had a milk supply more
Ilian 50 per cent of which was pas­
teurized. In 1913 more than 10 per Uiiimiiiiiiimiiiiiimiiiiimimimiimiiu
cent of the cities of 75,000 to 100,000
people had no pasteurized milk, but
during the past yeur all of them had
some part of the supply pusteurized.
3y
The increase In pasteurization In
W illM . Maupin |
small cities Is particularly striking
Take, for example, those from 10,000
to 25,000 population. In 1915 about niiiiiiiiinmitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiitiiiiiiiri;
40 per cent had pasteurized milk, but
SMILE AND HUSTLE
In 1921 nearly 01 per cent had it. Even
In cities below 10,000 population pas­ T X T HEN your plans go all awry,
* *
Smile und hustle.
teurization is becoming more common.
Not a bit of use to cry.
Smile nnd hustle.
KEEP CREAM DURING SUMMER Waste of time to fret and scold;
Brace, and get nnother hold;
If Cooled to 50 Degrees Promptly Meet the future brave and bold—
After Separating It Will Keep
Smile und hustle.
Several Days.
Some big scheme wound up In wreck?
The dairyman must figure a way to
Smile and hustle.
keep the cream In good condition dur­ Bad luck smite you In the neck?
ing the hot weather months. There is
Smile and hustle.
always soitieone saying ‘‘cream can't B e a tnan among big men.
he kept sweet very long during the Grab a hold and try again.
summer months," hut It has been Spit upon your hands, aud then
proven that cream cooled to 50 de­
Smile and hustle.
grees shortly nfter separating can be
kept sweet for several days.
When a hrave man hits the humps—
To accomplish this, it Is necessary
Smile nnd hustle.
to have a cooling tank. Such tanks
Then Is when he up and humps,
may he bought from the dairy supply
Smile nnd hustle.
houses, but If only a small qunntlty Waste of time to weep nnd wall.
of cream Is produced a homemade
Ju st forget thnt stunll word “fall.*
tank will do the trick. This tank Is
Don't moon 'round till you go stale—
made ns follows:
Smile und hustle.
Tuke a water hnrrel and around It
make a box about 3 feet square hy
Everybody has had luck.
about the height of the barrel, insert
Smile nnd hustle.
a plre lending from the pump Info the
That's the time to show your pluck.
Smile nnd hustle.
Say, "Hard luck, good-by to you,”
Start off on a tack that's new.
Keep straight on with purpose true.
Smile and hustle.
ID D IE S S I X I
( ® b y W i l l M. M a u p i n )
---------O---------
The Friendly Path
Dy W A L T E R
I. R O B I N S O N
Cooling Tank for Cream.
hlfrrel extending to the bottom. An
overflow pipe Is then placed on the
opposite side of the barrel leading to
the outside of the box. This overflow
pipe should he placed as high as the
neck of n large cream cnn. The Intake
pipe from the pump should extend to
the bottom of the barrel ns the warm
water then rises nnd overflows.
Tlie space between the box nnd the
barrel Is filled with sawdust or other
Insulator nnd the box finally covered
to the edge of the barrel. A close fit­
ting lid 1» then placed over the top of
the barrel and completes the tank.
When a partly filled can is set down
a stick across the barrel above the can
will help to hold It down.—A Miller,
In the Farm nnd Home.
SIN
AND
}
The w arm raindrops a sla n t the sun
And !n the rain the robins sing;
Across the creek In twos and troops.
T he haw kling sw ifts and sw allow s wing.
WHAT TO EAT
TN ISIIES for luncheon that nre not
too filling will he found In the
following:
Ham and Noodles.
Butter an earthen baking dish, put
Into the bottom a layer of cooked
noodles, add a layer of cold boiled
ham cut Into small bits, then nnother
layer of noodles. Repeat until the dish
Is full. Beat one egg, add one cupful
of milk and pour Into the dish. Cover
with crumbs, dot with butter and
bake in a moderate oven.
Baked Sausages With Rice.
Cut pork sausages Into thin slices.
Butter a baking dish nnd fill with cold
boiled rice. Moisten the rice with wa­
ter In which beef extract has been dis­
solved. Spread the sliced sausages
over the rice and bake in a hot oven
until the slices are crisp.
Baked Eggs With Cheese.
Make toast of rounds of bread
which have been cut nearly through
with a smaller cutter nnd the center
thus made hollowed out. Mix grated
cheese with cream and spread over the
toast. Arrange on a platter, break an
egg in each depression, sprinkle with
seasonings and cheese, dot with but­
ter and set Into the oven In a dripping
pan of hot water. Bake until the egg*
ere set.
Plmlento and Cheese Roast.
Put three plmlentoes nnd two cup­
fuls of cooked Lima beans through the
meat chopper with one-fourth of a
pound of cream cheese. Mix well, add
enough bread crumbs to form Into a
roll and bake 20 minutes. Baste fre­
quently with water and butter. Serve
with bacon gravy or tomato sauce.
CITIES
Bordeaux Pudding.
Cut a sponge cake into three layers,
spread with Jam, put together, rover
TN 'N~T blame sin on the elites.
No community is ever better with sweetened nnd flavored whipped
than the people within it. If the peo. cream and sprinkle with chopped nuts.
pie ore honest. God-fearing, law-abid­ Serve with cream, whipped or plain.
ing nnd live up to the teachings of
Graham Gems.
tlielr churches, regardless of denomi­
Take one cupful each of sour milk
nation. they'll find little cause for c o m ­
plaint no matter where they live. But and graham flour, one-half teaspoonful
when they know what Is right and of soda, a little salt, one egg, well
don't do It or don't Insist on others beaten, two tablespoonfuls of sugar
following the best pathway, they are and three of shortening. Bake In well-
likely to be disgruntled with condi­ greased gem pans.
tions which they bring upon them­
selves.
We know a great deal about most of
I ® , 1S22, W it if T n N ew sp aper L' d I o b .)
the big cities, but we know Just as
---------o ---------
much of the small towns and open
Excellent German ‘•Bull."
country, and proportionately, we be­
It seems there Is n German “hnll” as
METHOD OF RAISING CALVES lieve. there Is no difference In the
well as an Irish. Here Is a specimen
volume of wrong doing. And we con­
Most Economical to Maks Use of Good fidently believe that if people hailing from the crown prince's memoirs: Von
Bethmann-IIolIwegg remarks to Herr
Calf Meal on Farms Where
from the small towns and country
Hallln of the fI«lllhBlf»AllUlllll« ll' “J (
Who!« Milk Is Sold.
would be as devout to the cause of
■ ■niy wish I were dead." And Herr Ilal-
right as they claim to he when thdy
Where whole milk Is sold, undoubt­ come Into large communities, the lin replies: “I dare say you do. No
edly the most economical method of blotches on cities' reputations would doubt It would suit you admirably to
lie In your coffin all day and watch
raising calves Is by the use of a good ! be much fewer than they are.
other people toiling and worrying.”
calf meal.
Calves that have been
It Is true that there are many more
-O-
raised properly on calf meal make Just amusements and Inducements In big
as good cows as those raised on whole towns which are likely to divert new­
r
milk or skim milk.
comers' attention from church work
and home life. But none of these will
When Cow Holds Milk.
lead people from the proper pathvny
When a cow persists In holding her unless they are willing to be led. Even
milk, a common remedy is to attempt commercialized nninsements on th,»
to divert her attention from the oper­ Sabbath will have no harmful effects
ation of milking by providing some on those who know they are wrong, if
tempting food.
they wish conscientiously to follow
the safe pathway.
Drawback to Dairy.
Remove from every big city the sin­
Terhapa the greatest drawback to ners who nis'^ In fmm small places
the dairy busines.^ls that a cow will for hiding and the police and uplift
produce a little milk, no matter whj|j workers would And little work neces­
she Is fed. Too many dairymen are sary In order to preserve the stand­
WT , Y
satisfied with that little hit.
ard« of morality and honesty which
■re so greatly to be desire I
#
Method« Worn Well.
Able ministers, tine chnrches. edu­
The methods aren't the same, bnt cational opportunities, science, inven­
one works as well ns th* other—edit­ tion and commercial and Industrial
■ «
n
ing hens and culling rows.
progress of the cities are the kind of
inspirations which should make the
'
Bs Regular With Calves.
world In general more happy, comfort­
Be regular In the various operations able and thankfut to God.
fil-C M » P "
performed In caring for the calves.
tCopyrtght by the Wheeler «yndieate. lac )
ONCE
IS
tviscK frt