TEE FOLK COUNTY OBSERVE, FRIDAY, JANUARY 6, 1917
Pnbllihed Each Tuudnr and Friday
Office 617-619 Court Street
Telephone Main 19
Br u. w. nmjNE
Subscription Rate
One Year H-60
Six Months 76
Three Months 40
No subscription taken unless paid for
In advance. This is Imperative.
Entered as second-class matter in
the Postofnce at Dallas, Oregon.
REMEDIES FOB CAR SHORTAGE
The serious shortage of freight cars
and consequent partial blockade of
traffic is causing much concern to tne
businessmen of this country, and ev
en has attracted the attention of con
gress. Various plans and suggestions
have been offered for relieving Jhis
situation, and the railway companies
have been roundly criticised for al
lowing themselves to be caught in
such a corner. Yet the roads prob
ably are not so much to blame as
some believe. A vast volume of traf
fic and lack of ocean shipping facili
ties appear to be the chief causes for
the car shortage, and although the
' transportation companies may have
, failed to increase their rolling stock
sufficiently, they have a pretty good
excuse. Up to the present year they
were following policies of economy
and retrenchment, and prosperity
caught them before they were reallj
prepared. Naturally they want all
the business they can get, for it
means money to them, and even now
they are placing liberal orders for
new rolling stock, which they are
able to do on account of the profit
able business they have done during
the present year.
But the roads also are finding var
ious ways to help relieve the car
shortage situation, -without waiting
for the construction of new cars. Con
signees are being compelled to unload
cars with as little delay as possible,
and efforts are being made to rush
freight in transit, thus to make cars
more quickly available for fresh con
signments. Also, some of the roads
are insisting on the heavier loading
of cars, thereby making each car per
form a heavier service. The manage
ment of the Southern Pacific lines
estimates that company saved the use
of about 4,000 cars during the month
of October by adopting this 'plan in
other words that it would have re
inlre.1 4.000 additional cars to han
dle that month's traffic, had shippers
been allowed to follow the old prac
tice, of forwarding cars only partial
ly loaded.
It would thus seem that the car
shortage has furnished the rail com
panies with a valuable lesson in ef
fl,ipnv. which is one advantage gain'
ed, even though the freight blockade
has seriously inconvenienced Dusiness
nA the e-eneral rjublic. It may be
taken for granted, moreover, that the
railroads will do everything possioie
to remedy the freight congestion, ev
en without prodding by the public,
or law makers. Transportation charg
es mean profits for the roads, and it
goes without saying that the coiiiptin
ies want all the business they can get.
The car shortage is annoying, of
course, but remedies will In- toum
and the trouble solved.
treaty was concluded December 10
and formally ratified a few months
later. The Frano-Prussian war was
terminated 'by a peace treaty which
was signed just seventy-three days af
ter the first overtures were made by
France.
However, the essential difference
between the present situation and the
wars above mentioned is that in this
war neither s'de has been decisively
beaten. In all other recent wars one
side has been the victor and the other
the vanquished, making peace terms
comparatively easy to reach except in
the second Balkan war for which
there was really no excuse, save a
squabble between the victors in the
first Balkan war over the division of
spoils.
But now we have one side posing
as victor and the other side so confi
dent of victory that it is unwilling
even to enter peace negotiations un
der present conditions. Therefore it
is plain no parallel can be drawn be
tween this proposal and those which
have terminated previous wars of re
cent years.
THE GOLDEN FLOOD.
During the past year imports of
a-old to this country have reached
the enormous sum of $650,000,000
making the total stock or gold coin
and bullion held in this country about
.2.750.000.000. This is the largest
stock of gold ever held by any one
nation in the history of the world,
and it helps to account for the unex-
nmmled Drosrientv of this country, as
well as for the prevailing high pric
es winch are the subject or so mucn
complaint. Never before, in fact, has
there been such an accumulation of
wealth in this or in any other land,
and much speculation is being indulg
ed in as to the ultimate effects and
results of this condition.
That foreign nations will seek to
recover a portion of this gold after
the conclusion of the srreat war is a
foregone conclusion, and keen finan
cial experts declare it will be to the
advantage of this country to reason
ably facilitate this process. They
hold, in other words, that a moderate
redistribution of gold, through loans
nnd purchases abroad, will serve to
relieve an actual congestion of gold
in this land, at the same time
strengthening the financial condition
in otlier nations that arc our friends
and customers. Our own prosperity
will be made more stable, in other
words, bv heloinsr to restore prosper
ous conditions among our world
neighbors. In helping our neighbors,
therefore, we will also be helping
ourselves, which is a point to be re
membered when the flow of gold turns
in the other direction.
HOW OTHER WARS ENDED.
Those who have been optimistic in
their hope that pence will be restored
in Europe as the result of the recent
proposal made by the central jwwers
have cited as the basis tor this hopi
that fact that, with the possible ex
ception of the so-called Balkan wars,
peace overtures have brought about
an armsticc in every war of recent
years, and Mint such armstioe has con"
tinned until peace terms were linally
agreed to by the belligerents concern
ed, thereby ending the strife in each
instance.
As a matter of fact, this claim is
supported by the records. The tran-co-fiermnn.
the Russo-Japanese and
the Spanish-American wars all came
to a standstill with the hrst olhcial
overtures for peace, and in each in
stance a formal agreement of peace
was the outcome. In the Balkans an
"unofficial" war continued intermit
tently until Bulgaria and Turkey fi
nally laid down their arms in 1913.
It is of some interest to note that
the shortest time elapsing between the
initial peace overtures and the parleys
was in the second Balkan war, when
the belligerents' representatives met
at Bucharest eight days after King
Ferdinand sought mediation. On the
other hand, eighty-nine days elapsed
between the time President Roosevelt
proffered his services toward the re
establishment of peace between Rus
sia and Japan. He addressed a peace
note to the two governments on June
8, 1905; on June 10 Japan agreed and
two days later Russia took similar ac
tion. The peace conference assembl
ed on August 9 and the peace treaty
was signed on September 5.
In the Spanish-American war,
Spain made peace overture on July
26, 1898. A peace protocol was ism
ed seventeen day later, and a peace
It is estimated the railways of this
country during the past year have
made net earnings of over a billion
dollars. Which sounds much different
from the railway complaints of hard
times a year or two hack.
A comet which is approaching the
earth at the rate of a million miles
a day is expected to become very bril
liant during the early part of 1917.
And some people may interpret this
as a sign of approaching peace.
If pence could be wished on the
lighting: nation of Kurope, the war
would be over forthwith.
OTHERS' OPINIONS
How the National Government Helps
the Housewife.
For the last six years experts iu the
national department of agriculture
have calculated and experimented in
the service of the American 'woman.
The bureau of domestic economics is
the particular division engaged in
this work, and lessening the. cost of
expenditures for food is its object.
These experts begin from the fact
that the body is a living engine and
that food is the fuel which generates
energy. Outsort of food, called the
proteins, keeps the engine in shape,
building up tissue and strengthening
muscle. Another, called the carbohy
drates, supplies the greater amount
of the power, butter, cereals, fish,
meats, nuts, olives containing fat and
starchy foods and sugars providing
heat. Foods are burned in the body
as fuel through being digested or as
similated, and any surplus supply U
stored as fat for use in emergencies.
Food's value is measured by the
number of units of possible warmth
which it holds, this unit being named
a calorie. ine sedentary ousiness
man on an average needs 2500 units
of calories or heat-making food daily;
bakers or conductors, 3000; farmers,
3500; laborers and the like from 4500
to 5000. What the housewife has
to do when she purchases and cooks
food is to deal with it so that the
family obtains the most of nourish
ment fo- the least outlay.
The experts of diet inform her that
pork has greater value than any oth
er meat as fuel, a pound of bam hold
ing 1300 calorie, whereas the best
beef has only 1165. Soups even, when
hased on meat, have only slight value
for heating the body and therefore;
are an extravagance in these days of
expensive meat. Fish, with the ex
ception of salmon, are quite wanting
in nutritiousness. Goose has more
than four times the fuel capacity of
chicken. A pound of eggs has twice
the fuel of a pound of mackerel. The
calorie of a single pound of butter
is much more than an average man
requires for the day. All flours and
meals have a high power of warming
the body, oatmeal standing at the toiy.
A breakfast of coffee, cream, hone;
sugar and toast supplies enemy
enough and heat enough for average
workers until lunch.
It is evident that the work of Jfn-
cle Sam for the women is highly ,u(se
ful. Study and use of the informa
tion would serve materially to lower
the cost of living. It is worth while
to know that we can live and thrive
on a pound of nuts a day, that caujdy
is highly nutritious and that choco
lates head the list. bx.
A Good Chance.
When the people of Oregon decided
that no liquor of any kind should Je
manufactured within the state fit
looked as though the old breweries
would be a total loss. It is the ge
nius of the American people, how
ever, to be able to snatch victpry
from the jaws of defeat, to meet loss
at such an angle that it becomes
gain.
One of the brewery plants at' Sa
lem has been changed into a success
ful fruit juice bottling plant an
other in Portland has invented new
beverage which as a soft drink ap
pears popular and now wordj comes
from Astoria that the plant bf the
North Pacific Brewing company will
be reopened as a condensed milk plant
in April, and that the output will
amount to 200 cases a day.
W(hat a change! And what a
change for the better! As a con
sumer of local products the brewery
did not stand very high. As the pro
ducer of thing of use and benefit
its standing was still lower. The
condensery, on the other hand, uses
home products altogether, and its
establishment means the building up
of a milk industry, prosperous farms,
more fertile soils, with more mon
ey going to the farmers, and at the
same time its output is a food, one
of the best foods there is a food
wihich blesses and benefits and builds.
Oregon Farmer.
Federal Land Banks Can Loan
Billions.
An erroneous impression is extant
that a stock limit of $750,000 and a
mortgage loaning capacity of $15,
(100,000 is put upon each of the 12
federal farni loan banks. As matter
of fact there is practically no limi
tation of law upon the amount of
stock and the volume of loans that
may be issued and made by one of
these banks. The volume of business
they may conduct will be restricted
only by the demand of farmers for
loans and the market for the bonds
they will issue to obtain more money
to put out on mortgage security.
The $750,000 stock issue of the Spo-
jkane bank, which covers the states
of Washington, Idaho and Oregon, is
only the starting minimum. First it
will be offered to the public, and such
portion as may not be bought by in
dividual subscribers will be taken up
by the government.
Then the stock issue will automati
cally increase under "the requirement
of the law that each farmer taking
out a loan shall also purchase stock
to the extent of 5 per cent of his
mortgage. An endless chain is thus
set in motion more mortgages, more
stock; increased authority to lend
more money and sell more bonds. The
system, in fact, has capacity to ab
sorb the entire farm mortgage busi
ness of the United States, provided
all the farm, borrowers should choose
to do business with it in lieu of
dealing with the private mortgage
companies.
When the farm loan board was in
Spokane this feature of the law was
broached by an inquirer, and Herbert
Quick, one of the commissioners,
promptly said: "If the law had put a
limitation of $750,000 stock and $15,
000,000 mortgage loans on each of the
12 banks I should have declined ap
pointment to the board, for I should
have felt that .the plan ottered too
slight an opportunity for me to be
of real service to the farmers of the
United States." Other members of
the board concurred in Mr. Quick's
opinion.
The system is comprehensive
enough to take care of every farmer
who may want a long-time loan at
a low interest rate, provided he has
the land security to warrant the mak
ing of a loan. There is excellent
reason to believe that in a few years
its business will be measured in bil
lion phrases rather than in terms of
millions. Spokane Review.
in America, to conserve the rood sup
ply! Bread, potatoes, meats and veg
etables, all have been abundant and
cufeap, and all have been generously
asted by practically every family.
ome waste is difficult to prevent but
eh can be avoided. For instance
ake the hotels jand restaurants of
Bslem and note what is disposed of
as waste. Hundreds of pounds of
meats, some the choicest, that have
been served but only half of which
were consumed. These are accom
panied by other remnants of bread,
butter,, vegetables and whatever has
been served on the tables. This is
tiie waste of the individual, for it is
he who minces over and leaves per
haps as much food from his serving
as he eats. This waste is beyond the
power of the hotel men to avoid, for
it cannot be served again in some
other shape. In the families it is
different for there each member of
the family can be served just what
he or she will eat, and what is left
can be utilized in many ways known
to the thrifty housewife. It can be
saved, often is, but this is the excep
tion rather than the rule. It is safe
to say the waste from American ta
bles during the European war would
have fed the starving Poles, Serbians,
Armenians and all the balance of the
war-made paupers, and had some left
over.
The same waste is shown in our
wearables. We are complaining just
now aborat the high prices of shoes
which we are told will be still higher.
This suggests economy in this line,
How many will get out their old
shoes, still good, but perhaps needing
a half sole, and help better the shoe
situation by lessening the consump
tion and demand f
Suppose all Americans should try
this, and it should result in saving to
each person one pair of shoes by pro
viding in this way shoe wear, equal
ing that of one new pair. This would
mean, cutting out all below five years
of age, about 90,000,000 pairs of
shoes, that would not have to be
bought during the year. With the
war demand removed this would cause
the market to be glutted and prices
to fall. It is the same with clothing
a suit otherwise, good, becomes
"shiny" and no matter how much
wear there is in it it goes to the
scrap heap.
It may be that sometime Americans
will learn thrift, but it will be when
they are forced to do so by circum
stances such as have prevailed in
llurope for the past two years, and
as those conditions are not likelv to
afflict us, the practice of thrift
something for the future to teach us.
Salem Capital Journal.
Specialism
In this age of complex busine J
store, as well as the "handy" I
capped. The specialist in trad!
business or other professions, 4
We are in business to serve you
we specialize. We are plumbei
nothing else.
Rich & Ellis
A MAN IN DALLAS
He has grown old with grace, is the
most apparent and most likeable char
acteristic of T. J. Hayter. He'll be
87 soon nnd yet his mind is clear and
his memory keen. There is no grouch-
iness in him. He loves a good yarn
as well as ever. He is tolerant. He
asks no favors because he is old. He
enjoys young men and women and
likes to talk to them. But the con
tribution of T. J. Hayter to Polk
county has not only been in his own
person. He has four sturdy sons who
have been taught by him, first, to be
good citizens.. Yesterday was New
Year s day and Mr. Hayter was greet
ed on the street with wishes for i
long and happy life. He should en
joy it, if exterior appearances count.
SOME THINGS
Americans Are Wasters.
' There is just one way to reduce the
cost ef living and that is to be more
economical. This is not only in the
way of foodstuffs but in wearables.
Americans are noted for their nn
thrift, and as wasters they have nev
?r been approached at any time. In
every home there is waste of food,
because it has never been necessary,
Lauds Third Oregon Infantry.
In a letter received Tuesday by
Governor Witbyconibe from Colonel
Clenard McLoughlin, for three years
colonel of the Third Infantry, O. N.
G., the organization and work of the
infantry is praised. Colonel Mc
Loughlin has been returned to his reg
ular army command and is now with
the troops in Mexico. His letter says :
"As I am about to leave Oregon I
wish to state to you my appreciation
for the support you gave the Third
Oregon Infantry during the period
that I was its colonel.
"The officers and men were always
glad to have yon visit our camp and
the armory drills and we were all
very sorry that you were unable to
visit us in our camp at San Diego,
Cal.
"Should the country again need
the services of its national guard it
is my desire that I may have an op
portunity to command an organiza
tion composed of men of the charac
ter and physique of the men that
were in the Third Oregon infantry
during its recent service on the Mex
ican border.
"I have been on duty in Oregon
for three years and I leave Oregon an
Oergoni-in."
Few In Polk Jail in 1916
Just five people were incarcerated
in the Polk county jail in 1916 as
compared with 31 in 1915. "Prohi
bition" is the word explanation given
by Deputy Sheriff T. B. Hooker.
i
ANNOUNCEM
IT IS WITH PLEASURE THAT WEI ARE E
NOUNCE THE NEW SCHEDULE OF MEAL-
HOTEL GAIL:
MEALS 25c AND
WHEN FOOD PRICES WENT SOARING A Ft
IT WAS NECESSARY TO RAISE OUR MEAL
THAT THE H. C. OF L. HAS BEEN SOME?
WE ARE ABLE TO GO BACK TO THE OLD
HOTEL GAIL - DALlf
BT CHARLES BTLYETJ, MANAI
. OUR PIE
Our Pies are just as good as t ;
mother used to make," and s
better. We rather like to br
our Pies, and Cakes, too, for tj
ter. And lots of folks say we!"
titled. We want you to try t
YOUR.
BAKER
WINTER
At Black's G.
This Week
The Famous E. 0
Cured Hams, B
and Pure La
Black Is White
f
Star Transfe
WE MOVE ANYTHING
THAT IS MOVEABLj
PROMPT SERVI
C. A. &LC MUSCQTT& A. P.S
Pfcosw Stands: Webster's CWeetionery EU Blii
Ban 1074 - I
JOSEPH A. FIl
VOCAL teacher:
CONDUCTOR PORTLAND ORATORI
CONDUCTOR DALLAS ORATORIO f
SUPERVISOR OF MUSIC IN DALLA
la Portland Studio 600 Royal B
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