RESUME OF MESSAGE!
President's Communication
Conservative Document.
Is
I xnm protective aytem and any etiort to
I uproot it could not but cauae widespread in
dustrial disaster. Insther words, the prin
ciple of the present tariff law could not with
I wisdom be changed. But in a country or
such phenomenal growth as ours It Is prob
ably well that every dozen years or so the
tariff laws should be carefily scrutinised so
a to see that no excessive or Improper
benefits are conferred thereby, that proper
revenue la provided and that our' foreign
I trade la encouraged. There must always be
as a minimum a tariff which will not only
allow for the collection of an ample revenue
but which will at least make good the dlf-
I ference tn cost of production here and
abroad; that is, the difference In the labor
cost here and abroad, for the well-being
of the wage-worker must ever be a, cardinal
point ct American policy. The question
should be approached purely from a busi
ness standpoint: both the time and the
I manner of the change being such as to
WOUld Delay Tariff Legislation Until turbance In the business world, and to give I and keep them on a satisfactory basis i one
the least play for selfllsh and fac- 1 of the mom important and one of the most
I ttonal motives. The sole consideration I delicate tasks before our whole civilization.
I should be to see that the sum total I Much of the work for the accomplishment
of changes represents the public good. I of this end must be done by the individuals
This means that the subject cannot with concerned themselves, whether singly or in
wisdom be dealt with In the year preceding combination; and the one fundamental fact
a Presidential election, because as a matter that nfust never be lost track of Is that the
of fact experience has conclusively shown character of the average man, whether he
that at such a time It Is Impossible to get I be a man of means or a man wno worxs
men to treat it from the standpoint of the I with his hands. Is the most important factor
AIMS TO PLEASE ALL CLASSES
After the Presidential Election
Wants Currency Changes.
We are Drone lu speak of the resources of I the mainland. Unlet the Congress Is pre- H.ted men who voluntarily .nterea tne
this country an lnxhaustlblc; this la not pared by positive n.urag.mvnt to secure Army to do service ot an aitogsiner af
ferent Klna. I nere are a, numu.i
jmtmi rontrrfrilM are of sufficient ! earned to an excels It Become. foolishness. ! movement of paraenawl between Hawaii and exacted, without Just compensation, of
ausTrfar controversies are ui ,ul'u' L , . I .h. main and. I i.le the Consreaa la ore- itrtot men who voluntarily entered tne
magnitude and of sufficient concern 10 m.
people of the country as a whole to warrant
tne reoeral tiovernment in inning act.....
Capital and Lnbor.
It Is certain that for some time to COItlt
.v.,-. III ... a Mn.i,.l Inc.... uhanlutoly. ... ...... - .....I I. nn. anfferinir. 1 aumn call vour attention
and perhaps relatively, of those among our ( our atr(,,ld0111, wm f,.el thl. exhaustion a capital Importance from every eland-
cltizcns who dwell In cities or towns of some , g(.n.riuion or two bKtnrr ,h,.y otherwise P"'nt , of '""king Pearl Harbor available for
slie and who work for wages. This means WOuld. Hut there are certain other forms Ihf larg-at deep-wa t.r vesaeia and of suit.
that there .ill be an ever Increasing neea f wa, which could be entirely 'topped "i'he SeVrVtary of V.ar n'as gone to the Phll-
o. The mineral wealth of the country, the ..ruinr ihhii. ... v."- - y -..-..-.
coal. Iron. oil. gas. and the like, doea not tween Hawaii and the maln.and, then the
reproduce ItsMf. and therefore la certain "" .i.ippi.is .......... " '7
to le exhausted ultimately: and wasteful- axed as to prevent Hawaii suffering a It
to consider the problems Inseparable from a i the waste of soil by washing, for Instance. ,'.",",,"? . rftuin J shall submit to you
great industrial civilisation. Where an Im- which is among the most dnnaerous ..f " -V, emirt Sn the IsUnds
men.. -,1 enmnt.. h.tn.a. esneclally in wastes now in progress in the I'nlted States, I .,,,, , -,.
those branches relating to manuiactur. i vic.rin.un:. "" i rermhiu be conferred upon the people 01 rorio
transforation. Is transacted by a large num- enormous loss of fertility la entirely un- Kico
Ho nation haa greatar resources than ours,
nnd I think it can ba truthfully said that
the eltlsens of no nation possess greater en- pubUc gaoA . ln my judgment the wise time In solving the problem aright. But It Is al
ergy and Industrial ability. In no nation . - d.aI ,h . matt.r 1 a Immediately after most eauallv Important to remember that
are the fundamental business conditions , h .i,ct,on. without good laws it Is also Impossible to
sounder than In our. at this very moment; IVCOMR Avn ,N.ER1TAVCK TAX r-h the ProD" anlutlon. '' to nold
and It Is foolish, when such Is, tha case, for INCOME AND INHERITANCE TAX. that wltno , (Md law, evl iuch aa cnd
peopla to hoard money Instead of keeping I when our tax laws are revised the question t.hnr . ih. nv.r.wnrkin of women, as the
It In aound banks; tor It Is such hoarding of an Income tax and an Inheritance tax I failure to protect employes from loss of
that Is the immediate occasion of money I should receive tha csreful attention of our I jlfe or Hinb. can toe effectively reached, any
stringency, anoreover, aa a rule, id. du.iubei i legisiaiors. in my juogmem Dotn or inrae i more than the evils of rebates and stock
f our people Is conducted with honesty and taxes should be part of our system of Fed- ...terlnv can he reached without aood laws.
probity, and this applies alike to farms and I eral taxation. I speak diffidently about the 1 To tau t0 ,top these practices by legislation
factories, to railroads and banks, to all our I income tax because one scheme for an ln- I means to force honest men into them, be-
legltlmate commercial enterprises. I come tax was declared unconstitutional by cause otherwise the dishonest who surely
In the effort to Dunlsn the guilty It is l tne Supreme Court; while In addition it is I wm take advantage of them will hare every'
tjoth wise and proper to endeavor so tar as I a difficult tax to administer in its practical I thine- their own way. If the states will cor
posslblo to minimise the distress, of those I working, and great care would have to be I rect these evils, well and good; but the
wno have been misled by tne guilty, yet i exercisea to see tnat it was not evaaea oy i Nation must stand ready to aid them,
it la not possible to refrain because of aucn I tne very men whom it was most desirable to
distress from striving to put an end to the 1 have taxed, for If so evaded It would, of
misdeeds that art tha ultimate causes of the I course, be worse than no tax at all; as the
suffering, and, as a means to this end, where least desirable of all taxes Is the tax which
gosslble to punish those responsible for I bears heavily upon the honest aa com1
them. There may be honest differences of 1 pared with the dishonest man. Neverthe
her of capitalists who employ a very necessai y. l ne prescrva ion or replacement a bureau of mines should be created under
much larger number of wage-earners, of the forest, 1, one o the most Important , and direction of the Secretary o
the former tend more and nun V " :,.- i-.,,,;. hi ,"." : S
nil the lat- I , - n - ------- - -i col Iff l m u sum nnu uiunv in.Bo.iino..- ...
- l li ir nn v a nd i n nir.ir AI Ill'FBHni lUniUtfr- I .. ....tnl..lna t mlnliiu ant rta r.
ter Into unions. The relations or me , . r.nirIh g,--. industry in the .Cr ..m .tm a,, of th.
capitalist and wage-womer 10 one United SlHtes; and i et. so rapid has boon the in.,u,trv. If this cannot now ba done, at
other, and of each to the general public, are rato of exhaustion of timber in the Vnite-1 Unt additional anorourlations should be given
not always easy to adjust; and to put them states ln lne pa8t, and o rapidly Is the 1 tne interior Department to be tuwd for the
remainder beln exhausted, that the coun- I study of mining conditions, for the prevention
try is unquestionably on the verge of a Qf frrudultnt mining schemes, for carrying
timber famine which will He reit in every i on cite work of mapping tne mining awmcw,
h ou.se h ild tn the land. There has already I f(1r mlvin.r methoti for mtntmliing the ac-
een a rise in the urlce of lumber, but there l rtdenta and dangers In the indusiry; in short.
Is certain to be a more rapid and heavier to aid In all proper ways the development
rise in I he future. I of the mining industry.
Tha nrumnl annual cnninmntlnn nf llim- I I .all vnnr atPi'lAl slttentlon tO tnA Uh'
ber is rertntnlv three times as areat as the satisfactory condition of our foreign mail
annual nennrl K D A If hA nnnatimntlnn And I Rrvif. Which. bt?CaUSe Of th lack Of Amftfl
growth continue unchanged, practically all can sieanionip n.
. . ... . ... I thr.-.inrh forclcn lines, and whlcn. particularly
our lumDer win ue exnHusieu in muuinc, . - " . r,wl . America are
generation, while long before the limit to I " ' .7 . j 'V . , ..1.1. nAn.n.
complete exhaustion Is reached the crowing serious barrier to tha extension of
scarcity will make Itself felt In many blight- commerce.
Ing ways upon our National welfare. About i Not oniy there Is not now, but there never
20 per cent of our forest territory Is now re- htt, been, any other nation in the world so
served ln National forests: but these do not I -.hnllv r... from the evils of militarism as
include tne most vatuamo timDer lanu., ts ourB, There never has been any otner
laws necessary to ao organise the Army a
to promote Its efficiency and facilitate Its
rapid cxpunslon In time of war; but tha
above are the most Important.
The Navy.
It was hoped The Hague Conference might
deal with the question of tha limitation of
armaments. But even before It had assem
bled Informal inquiries had developed that
as regards naval armamenta, tha only one
u-hi.'h this country had any Interest, It
was hopeless to try to devise any plan for
which there waa the slightest possibility
of securing assent of the nations gathered
at The Hague. No plan was even proposed
which would have had tne aaaeni 01 mora
than one first-class power outside sf tha
United States, ffhe only plan that seemed
at all feasible, that of limiting the alM
ot battleships, met with no favor at all.
It is evident, therefore, that It Is folly fo.l
this Nation to base any hope of aecuiin(
peace on any International agreement as l
tha limitation of armamenta. Such balna
the fact it would be moat unwise for uai
to stop the upbuilding of our Navy. T
build one battleship of tha best and most
advanced type a year would barely keep
our fleet up to Its present force. This II
not enough. In my Judgment, wa should
this year provide for four battleships. But
It Is Idle to build battleahlps unless la
addition to providing the men, and tha
means for thorough training, wa proca
ine auxiliaries for them, unless wa pro
vide docks, tha coaling atatlona, tha collier)
and supply 'ships that they need. Wa ara
extremely deficient In coaling stations and
docks on the Pacific, and this deficiency
should not longer be permitted to eiisu
ana in any event tne proportion is wo ....... large nation, not even unina, wnicn lor .o i ... , . lorD.do h0.t, and destroyer
to expect mat tne reserves con accomim . long a period has had relatively to ue num- ,n ,i . . nllllr on xtlantlo and
more than a mitigation ot the trouble which ber ..mall a regular army a. has ours. lh.' J b,u.1 'LnAtion. of tie best t
is ahead for the Nation. Far more araBiic Never at any tlm, ln our history has this ; - - ..,,. Ior -u our greatest har
actlon is needed. Forests can be lumbered Nation suffered from militarism or been In ; f"ula Prov"a "r an our great... o
so as to give to the public the full use of I tne remotest danger of suffering from mill-
their mercantile timber wltnout tne sugni- i tarlsm. Never at any time of our nistory
est detriment to the forest, any more than j na. tn6 regular Army been of a slxe which
it Is a detriment to a farm to furnish a caused the slightest appreciable tax upon
harvest; so that there Is no parallel between I tne taxpaylng citizens of the Nation. Al-
rorests and minea. wnicn can oniy oe com- most always it has been too smaii in sue
Farmera and Wage-Workers,
founded there was much sneering as to Its pletely used by exhaustion. But forests, if nnd underpaid. Never In our entire hlstor
usefulness No department of the Govern- used as all our forests have been used ln na, the Nation suffered In the least parlia
ment however hu more emnhatlcallv vlndl- the past and as most of them are still, used. (ar because too much care has been given to
cTted l.ru-efXsr ... er .holly destroyed, or so dam- the Army, too much prominence given It,
opinion aa to many Governmental policies; I less, a graduated Income tax of the proper I postofflce Department comes so continually I that many decades have to pass befors I t00 muCh money spent upon It, or because It
but surely there can be no such differences I type would be a desirable feature of Federal I Bnd intimately Into touch with the people. I effectlvs use can be made of them again. All I na, been too large. But again and again we
a n the need nt unfllnj.hinv ner.e vera nee I tavatlnn nnd It le tn he hnneit thnt nn. mav I . .... i. n h I these facts are SO obvious that it Is extra- I have Suffered because enough care has not
T . T " 7,', .linen, wnoae ,. ..,, .... ... L". . .. v.. k.en on
in tna war against successful aisnonesty. i do aevisea wnicn tne nupremo court win I acaregate most vital to the. welfare of the l uruu.arjr ..... ...uuiu ucv-o.. man g.ve.. i. ... w--.. -
TVTFHtiT A TK pnMMItRril I declare const tutlonal. The Inheritance tax, I Nation nnd therefore tn the welfare of all I Peat them. Ismail, because mere na. no. oi.n .uiuunn
INTERSTATE COMMERCE. I however, Is both a far better method of tax- I other cUhtens Tre h wge-worker who I Of course to check the waste of timber preparation In advance for possible war.
No small part of tha trouble that we I ... . ... mnr. .,,... tor th. our- .' ?'.L 1". . .k. -h I means that there must be on the part of the Everv foreign war In which we have en-
iare comes from carrying to an extreme po,e 0( navlng the fortunes of the country ,h. farmer There .r. of course kinds oi P th acceptance of a temporary re- RaBed has cost us many times the amount.
. lM--.lnr.at vl.tn. nf ulf.r.ll.n.. txt InH.. I C . ?. . . lt . . , , I the larTn'l, 1 here are, or course, Kinun u. I ,1,. i..-iah . nt the timber. In I .-.-. t. .i..i .n.nHrf ilnpln the nrered-
' - . u, w. i Dear in proportion to meir increase in aiso ,nv.r wl . v.. ,nru mint he nnrelv mental. I -'...'" ... ......... - - v n iv h, , i t. j -- - r
vendenca tn Initiative and action. It Is I. -nrr..nnnMn. in...... i,.,rrt.n n, .... labor where the work must be purely memai, prevent the total loss of this use , var. . n-aca on the regular Army,
-wise to conserve this virtue and to provide ..ion. Th. Government haa tha absolute ... 'f ...... n. I In the future. There are plenty of men In -,ould hav, insured the war ending In but a
... ........ .ii.t. i . v. ....i . : - . ... unaer cii.uni cunuiui vaiy nm. " - ....,. .... i ..... - 1 1 1 1 .dun. I . .. . . L . , . i ..... ... - a a.
tne that liberty
to wrong others.
Vlnd of liberty t
regulation lnevlti
of tha Constitution
tlonal Government
u . v. ... aec area constitutional dv tne courts: inn ..... , . 1 T. . ... . . j " - . i.e. uww . - -
- .K.H nt nhv.i-l"on"l oom. o. !""- -""". w . "y; won- an ....... r -
does not become a 1 berty a man ,hall receive a bequest or devise from i"""" "',,, .vTht the nrooortlon of men CRl tn continuance of the present system of tn. COIt that wa. actually the case, as
Unfortunately, this is the another, ad this point In the devolution of ' "m 1 ? XJ. ,yultJ fj ?. "J i.hin ' unchecked and wasteful extravagance, a Natin wa have always been shortsighted
hat tha lack of all effective "'",; ... v .mri.t. fr the t? " ,n thl' klnd of..work.'rdl,""-hJ,nS using as an argument the fact that to check providing for th. efficiency of the Army
ably breeds. The founders rmIC,iM- , I t Ti,. imno.ln, such " any community wun me lt wln of COUrse mean Interference with the , of Dece. It la nobody's especial In-
provided that tha Na- ,, hav, repeat(.dly been placed upon the "' n -.."."""JL' bulk of tha oaonlsT shou d ea" ns e""foft of certain people who now to mRke such provision and no one
should have complete National atatute books and as repeatedly 5' nJ,"0J,1ih!.ulJ . .h'h K. , U 'umber at less cost than they ought to ,OOK, ah,ad to war at any period, no mat-
There was then practically no Interstate ,. aw, contained the progressive prlncl-
fcuslness save aucn aa waa conducted by pie, that Is, after a certain amount Is
water, and thla tha National Government at reached the bequest or gift, In life or death,
once proceeded to regulate ln thoroughgoing . increasingly burdened and the rata of
and affective fashion. Conditions have now taxation is Increased In proportion t the
so wholly changed that the Interstate com- remoteness of blood of tha man receiving
mnerce by water la Insignificant compared tha bequest.
-with the amount that goes by land, and ai- ENFORCEMENT OF THE LAW.
aged In Interstate commerce. As a result, A few yeara ago there waa loud com- I train the boy away from the 'arm and the I generally.
It can ba but partially and Imperfectly piatnt tnat tne law couia not oe wvoaea
controlled cr regulated by tha action of any against wealthy offenders. There Is no such
one of tha several atates; such action In- complaint now. The course of the De--evltably
tending to be either too drastic or partment of Justice durlnc the last few
alas too lax, and In either ease Ineffective years has been such as to make It evident
for purposes of'Justlce. Only tha National that no man stands above the law, that no
Government can In thoroughgoing fashion corporation Is so wealthy that It cannot
exercise the needed control. This does not be held to account. The Department of
mean that there ahould be any extension of Justice has been as prompt to proceed
Federal authority, for such authority al- against the wealthiest malefactor whose
ready exists under the Constitution In crime was one of greed and cunning as to
mplast and most far-reaching form; but proceed against the agitator who incites
doea mean that there should be an exten- to brutal violence. Everything that can be
tki. i. . done under the existing law. and with the
vocatlng centralisation, 'it la merely look- existing state of public opinion, which so
Jng facta In the face, and reallslnc that Profoundly Influences both the courts and
nentlv exist in the abandonment or pnysi-1 . . , . .... . Ma..va. n. I , ... v.- M..n.i.. .v..
en.1 labor, but In the development of physl- I thrown opm to destruction, because, for- pense of the Army with the certainty that
cal labor, so, that It shall represent more I Bootl, thev think that thereby the price of ,h.. nractlrlna It will not be called to ac-
and more the work of the trained mind in ,umber could be put down again for two or I ,.ount therefor, . but that the price will ba
the trained body. ..... I three or more years. Their attitude Is pre- I pad Dy ,ne unfortunate persons who hap-
Our school system Is gravely defective in l clM k, tnal ot . agitator protesting I pen to be In offlca when a war does actually
so far as It puts a premium upon mere I ,h. utiay of money by farmers on I m
literary tra:nnK au i..u. i manure and In taking care ot tneir xarm. i industry Is always necessary, just a. war
y away iron, tne in. ... " "' I .enarallv. II. sometimes necessary. Kacn nas Its price,
workshop. Nothing Is more neeaea man i MINERAL. LANDS. I and Industry In the United States now ex
the best type of Industrial school. ' the ,n (n. .astern United states the mineral ctt, and has always exacted, a far heavier
school for mechanical Industries In the city, fuel, have already passed Into the hands of l0 0f death than all our wara put to-
the school for practically teaching agrlcul- arg. private owners, and those of the West gether. The statlBtlca of the railroads of
Hire In the country. The calling of the arB rapidly following, lt Is obvious that thts country for the year ended June 80,
skilled tiller of the soli, the calling of the ,h.- r,..i. ahould be conserved and not loon, the last contained In the annual sta-
skllled mechanic, should alike be recoir-1 .,.., an i. ,nnld he well to orotect the I n-tlenl r.nort nf the Interstate Commerce
nixed as professions, Just , aa emphatically I Beooie ' against unjust and extortionate I Commission, show In that one year a total
linns of lawyer, doctor, merchant I Dr(.es. so far as that can still be done. What I of 108,324 casualties to persons, 01 wnicn
centralisation in business has already come
end eannnt be avoided or undone, and that
tha public at large can only protect itself
trom certain evil effects of thla business I deflnlte, so
the callings oz lawyer, aocior. marcnuu. mn ...
or clerk. The schools should recognise this ha! been accompllshed In the great oil fields 10.618 represent the number of persons
fact and It should equally be recognised In of lh. indan Territory by the action of the killed. In that wonderful hlva of human
popular opinion. The young man who has Administration, offers a striking example of activity, Pittsburg, the deaths due to Indus-
the farsightedness and courage to recognise tne ,ood reSulta of such a policy, ln my trial accidents In 11106 were 01, all the re-
i. -mi tn wnt over th. Idea that lt makci s ..... ... .h. nnv.,.m.ni ahould have the .nit or accidents ln mills, mines or on rail-
difference whether what he earns Is called I ri-ht t0 keeB tna fee of tha coal, oil and gas I roads. For the entlra country, therefore, It
..i.rv - end who refuses to enter I ...... t- ... nA.....inn .nd to lease the lis .nf. tn sav that the deaths due to Indus-
....... ha. h.. Annm Tt... th. i.w. them- I u. fl-M nt th. an-ralled Drofes- I ,h-m .m.t.r nmnir rerula- I trlnl ancldenta asarexate In the neighbor-
selves need strengtnening in more man un. sfons, ana takes to construct., iuuu.ii; tiona; or else, iz tne congress wm ..... wui.. nuuu ot u,wv . D- - . , nrers of tha line of tne Navy to reacn m.
Important point; they should be made more I .teed, Is reasonably aure of an ample re- I th, method, the coal deposits should be I the death rata In all our foreign wars ut- radei , captain and rear-admiral at leaa
. . .. . . . . . ... K.I , , i. i . i .nnn....nltul .. . , . . .u.n. I ...lu . .li. I 1 V. .nmniHinn. Th. nuniberOE'.. , , .. , , . ...... .u
hors.
Until our battle fleet Is much larger thaa
at present It ahould never ba split Into de
tachments so far apart that they could not
In event of emergency ba speedily
united. Our coast line Is on tha Pa
clfto Just aa much aa on tha Atlan
tic. The Interests of California, Oregon
and Washington are aa emphatically the In
terests of tho whole Union aa those of Maine
and New York, of Ixiulolana and Texas.
The battle fleet should now ana men am
moved to the Pacific Juat aa at other llmea
It ahould be kept ln tne Atlantic. v nen ...
Isthmian Canal Is built the transit of tha
battle fleet from one ocean to tha other will
be oomprat!vely easy. Until It la built, I
earnestly hope that the battle fleet will ba '
thus ahirted between tne two ocr.n.
year or two. The marksmanship on all our
ships haa Improved phenomenally durlnc tha
laet five years.
until within tna last two or tore. y... ..
we. not noaslhla to train a battle fleet In
squadron maneuvera under service conditions,
and It Is only during these last two or three
years that the training under these conditions
has really become etrective Anotner ana mw.
necrssary stride In advance is now belnc
taken. The battle fleet la about starting by
the Straits of Magellan to visit the Paolfla
Coast. Sixteen battleithlt are going undel
the command of Kear-Admlral Evans, whlla
eight armored cruisers and two other battle
ships will meet, him at Ban Francisco,
whither certain torpedo deatroyers are also
going. No fleet of suoh slis haa ever mada
such a voyage, and It will be of very great
educational use to all engaged In It. Tha
only way by which to teach officers and men
how to handle the fleet ao aa to meet every
possible strain and emergency In time of wa
la to have them practice under similar con
ditions in time of peace. Moreover, tha only
way to find out our actual needs la to per
form In time of peaoe whatever maneuvera
might be necessary In time of war. After
war Is declared it Is too lata to find out
.... ..... .h.. .nn. In Invll. rilaaet-r. Thla
trip to the Paclflo will show what some of
our needs are and will enable u to provlda
for them. The proper place for an officer
to learn- his duty la at sea, and the only way
In which a navy can ever be mada efficient
Is by practice at sea, under all the conditions
which would have to be met If war existed.
If all that ought to ba dona cannot now
be done, at least let a beginning ba mada.
In my last three annual messages, and In
a special message to the laat Congress, tha
necessity for legislation tnat wm cau. ui-
centralliatlon by rrovldlng better methods
for tha exercise of control through the
uthorlty already centralized In tha National
government by tha constitution ltsen.
To confer upon the National Government,
gn connection with tha amendment I advo
cate ln the anti-trust law. power of super
vision over big business concerns engaged
In interstate commerce, would benefit them
a it has benefitted tha National banks. In
the recent business crisis lt Is noteworthy
hat tha Institutions which failed were In
stitutions which wara not under the super
vision and control' of the National Oovern
, itunt Thosa which wara under National
control stood tha test.
PURE FOOD LAW.
Incidentally, In tha passage of tha pure
food law the action of tha varloua state
n.iuM.u w - 1 a.euu, i " irapuiiDi,.; - . - tnis in e i i u 11, in. von, . e -. . - i . - ... - - . granes ot captain aim -.-"
no honest man can be ward In earnings, In health. In opportunity I ,0d under limitations, to conserve them as I terly trivial by comparison. The number ot advanc.d and which will causa them
led unwittingly ts break them, and so that I tn marrv early, and to establish a home with I nUhiio ntimt-a. the rlutvt to mine coal being
tha real wrongdoer can be readily punished, i a far amount of freedom from worry, lt I ,eparated from the title to the soil. The
INJUNCTIONS. I should be one of our prime odjbcis to put regulations should permit coal lanus .
...vv...w. o. . . ,. .h. m.chnnln nn fl I i. -.. i... ,inntltv hv the several
Instances of abuse in the granting of ln-1 . . , ,. i,, .nj ...nr. ac I Tho nr...nt limitations have
Junctions ln labor disputes continue to oc- I ' ... w ... ....... i in. .en- I - .. j ......i... .nd una nn useful
ur. ... ... .............. nomlc world, and therefore tne aignuy. i purp0ie .and often renoer it neuc... .....
those who feel that their rights are being -,... .d ,h. newer of their I .h.id h. either fraud or else aban-
Invaded and their liberty of action and of , ln the ,oclttl world. donment of the work of getting out tha
............ w.j . i The era n-Droducing industry or tne i -ni.
likewise to crow. Mucn ot tne attack on country on, o( the mo,t important In the THE PANAMA CANAL.
.... uo .... ... - . j B.ates. deserves special consider-
without warrant: but I am constrained to I ., ,h. h-nd, of tn. congress Our
araln Is sold almost exclusively by- grades.
t. ..cur. satisfactory results In our hnme nnmmiuinn and chief engineer, resigned,
markets and to facilitate our trade abroad, I and the Commission was reorganised and
with lt In effective manner. It la certain ...... . uniformity and certainty. The n.nr.. w noethals. 'corns of Engineers.
ultimately to demand some form or legie-1 , dlVer.e methods of Inspection and united States Army, chairman and chief
latlve action. It would be most unfortun-I ... . , , . .... ....... .... I .... ta . i i i n ,-... of
Kood and dairy commissioners showed In al. for our social welfare If we should ,nd board. r.,ult in confu- trn.in..r". t-nited s'tatea Army: Major Wll-
triklng fashion how mucn good for the permit many honest and law-abiding cm- d . k , unlformlty- destroying that I Ham L. sibert. Corns of Engineers. United
deaths In battle In all the foreign wara put
together, for the last century ana a quarter,
aggregate considerably less than ona year's
death record for our Industries A niere
glance at these figures Is sufficient to show
the absurdity of the outcry igalnat militar
ism
to have more sea training and experience
In tha highly responsible duties of thosa
grades, ao that they may become thoroughly
Skillful in handling battleships, divisions,
uniiadront and fleets In action, has been
fully explained and urgently recomro.nu.u.
1 :." .Cr. ."r... .h. a...... nt th.Nav
f he Medical Corps should be much larger - submitted detailed and definite reconv
than the needs of our regular Army In war. i .D.n,''"r J?!; v.... ..n.iv.d th. an-
Yet at present It Is smaller than tne
of the service demand en in peace.
express the belief that for aome of It there I
Is warrant- Tnis question is Becoming i
mora and mora ona of prime Importance, I
and unless the courts will themselves deal
eneeds ' menaatlons which hava racelved fny p
.15! nroval. and which, If enacted Into law.
THE PANAMA CANAL. a a.m.n ; ln"n''Te yeara will accomplish what Is Immediately nace.
- Work on the Panama Canal Is proceeding n Thchlef loss we suffered In It was lary and will, as compared with axtsUn;
r in a highly satisfactory manner In March -gd. Th. chief loss 1,'wh1h1'n.wv.P taw maU. a .avlng ot mora than 15.000.009
t last, John P. Stevens chairman "f tho .Vthe country. At the moment the Nation durln, tha next laven yeara.
vhola i people raaulta from the W tttl that they had Just cause for whlcn ,. necessary for health- states Army; Civil Engineer H. . Hous
oparatlon of tha Federal and state officials I r.vardina our. courts with hostility. II. . ( . u. ....I .... r... . xr..,.. t r n m.eu.
in .aourlnc a .Ivan reform. ( It P"". rnet,y e?mm"" th attention of the ".tiodrhava co Colonel W. C. Gorgas,' United State.
2" . I ' ,ln ....rm.. n thi. iVw" "-u"r". . . u, ,,i u ,7 growing In volume and Intensity, not Army, and Jackson smith, commissi,
that wo-owa tha anjactment of this i law. m,y be devised which will limit the abuse n, country but ,br0ad. I there- This change of authority and direction
for they aroused the people, first to demand 1 mlunetlona and nrotect those rights which I . .... I .. ...i . .!....., 0.,.m i
SI' I'"1 ThV uof pro 5jnJ.... br th. r,.'aandn?orefgn,rconmr;cr.,n.. Tr.'tnVE
... .u... ..w. - courts, not oniy in lauur uuiiuin ... ...... , , DrePent evils
There must be the closest co-operation ba- ,tat() law, ar. concerned. I refrain from tor ,ne p aaH
tween tha National and atata governments i d.cuuion 0f this question as I am Informed
seemed deeply Impressed by this fact; yet
seemingly it has already been forgotten, for
not the slightest enrort naa Deen mau. .
prepare a. medical corps of sufficient slsa
to prevent the repetition of the same dis
aster on a much larger scale If we ahould
ever be engaged In a serious conflict. The
trouble in ttie rpanisn war wa. i.wv .....
th. then exlatlna officials of the War De
partment; it was with the representatives
of the people as a whole who, for the pre
ceding 35 years, had declined to make the
necessary provision xor tne Army. uni...
tn fdmlnlstering these laws. I that t wm aoon receive tha consideration
CURRENCY. I of the Supreme Court.
In my message to Congress a year ago I I QUESTIONS AFFECTING LABOR,
itMka as follows on the currency: I tv.. M.tinn.i nnv.Fnm.nt .hnuM h.
I a.Dectallv call your attention to the con- I mah-i .mnin... ft .hnnlif demand the I lanttc anTta.Gulf States, where It should go
dltlon of our currency laws. Tha National I hlahest Quality of service from each of Its I hand In hand with the reclamation of
RECLAMATION WORK.
Irrigation should be far more extensively
I developed than at present, not only ln tha
states of the great plalna and the Kocky
Mountains, but In many othera, aa, for in
stance, n large portlona of the South At-
bank act has ably aerved a great purpose In
aiding the enormous business development
of the country, and within ten years there
haa been an increase In circulation per cap
ita from 121.41 to i:ts.08. For several years
evidence has been accumulating that addi
tional legislation la needed. Tha recurrence
of each crop season emphasizes the defects
of the present laws. There must soon be a
revision of them, because to leave them as
they are means to Incur liability ot business
disaster, since your body adjourned there
haa been a fluctuation ln the Interest on call
money from 2 per cent to 80 per cent, and
the fluctuation was even greater during the
preceding six month. The Secretary of tha
Treasury had to- step la and by wise action
put a stop to tha most violent period of os
- dilation. Even worse than such fluctuation
as the advance ln commercial rates and the
uncertainty felt In tha sufflency of credit
oven at high rates. All commsrclal Interests
suffer durln. each crop period. Excessive
ratea for call money In New York attract
money from tha Interior banks Into the speculative-field.
Thla depletes tha fund that
would otherwise be available for commercial
usee, and commercial borrowera are forced
to pay abnormal rates, ao that each Fall
at tax, In tha shape of increased Interest
charges. Is placed on tha whole commerce
t tha country.
Tho mere statement of these facta shows
that our present system la seriously defec
tive. There la need of a change. Unfor
tunately, however, many of the proposed
changea must ba ruled from consideration
t.c.n.. thev are complicated, are not easy
of comprehension and tend to disturb exist
ing rights and Interests. We must also rule
out any plan which would materially Impair
tha value of tha United States 2-per cent
bonds now pledged to secure circulation, the
Issue of which waa made under conditions
peculiarly creditable to the Treasury. I do
not press any especial plan. Various plans
have recently been proposed by expert com
mittees of bankere. Among tha plans whlcn
atra possibly feasible and which certainly
should receive your consideration Is that rs
ceatedly brought to your attention by tha
present Secretary of tha Treasury, tha es
sential featurea of which hava been ap-
J. roved by many prominent bankers and bus
neaa men According to this plan National
banks should ba permitted to issue a speci
fied proportion of their capital in notes of
at given kind, tha Issue to bo taxed at ao
lilgh a rate aa to drive tha notea back when
not wanted In legitimate trade. This plan
would not permit tha Issue of currency to
aMve banka additional profits, but to meet
. Tho emergency presented by times ef atrln
sjancy. for immediate Action.
I again urge on tha Congress tha need of
Immediate attention to this matter. Wa
need a greater elasticity In our currency;
provided, of course, that we recognise tha
van greater need of a safe and secure cur
rency. Thera must alwaya ba tha most
rigid examination by tha National author
It lea. Provision should ba mada for an
margency currency. Tha emergency Issue
hould. of oouraa, ba mada with an effective
aruaranty, and upon conditions carefully pra-
employes and It should care for all of swamp land. The Federal Government
them properly In return. Congress should should seriously devote Itself to this task,
adopt legislation providing limited but den- xeallilng that utilisation of waterwaya and
nlte compensation for accidents to all work- waterpower, forestry. Irrigation and the re-
m.n within th. irnn. of the Federal Dower. .. . i . i . . a .
lncluillni. employes -of navy-yards ami ,. inlerd8Dendent parte of the same
....nil. In nther words, a model em
ployers' liability act, far-reaching and
thoroughgoing, should be enacted which
should apply to all positions, publla and
private, over which the National Govern
ment has Jurisdiction. The number of acci
dents to wage-workers. Including those that
are preventable and those that are not, has
h.onm. .nn.ilinsr in the mechanical, manu
facturing, and transportation operations of
problem. The work of the Reclamation
Service In developing the larger opportuni
ties of tha western half of our country for
irrigation is more important than almost
any other movement. The constant purpose
of the Government In connection with the
Reclamation Service haa been to use the
water resources of the publlo lands for the
ultimate greatest good of the greatest num
the day. It works grim hardship to the I ber; In other words, to put upon the land
ordinary wage-worker and his family to have
the effect of sucn an accident ran aoieiy
upon him: and, on the other hand, there
are whole classes of attorneys who exist
only by Inciting men who may or may not
have been wronged to undertake suits for
negligence.
As a matter or tact a sun tor ....s....
permanent home-makers, to use and de
velop It for themselves and for their chil
dren and children'a children. There haa
been, of course, opposition to this work;
opposition from some Interested men who
desire to exhaust the land for their own
Immediate profit without regard to the wel
ls generally an Inadequate remedy for the fare of the next generation, and opposition
person Injured, while It often causes alto- from honest and well-meaning men who did
gether disproportionate annoyance to the not fully understand the subject or who did
employer. The law should be made such not look far enough ahead. This opposition
h-. ih. n.vm.nt for accidents by the em- la t think rivln. awav. and our n.nf.le are
ployer would be automatic Instead of helng I understanding that it would be utterly
a matter tor lawaui... ul ........ wron to allow a raw maivtauaia to ex-
i ... .....in .nd deflnlte romnensatton I i . . ...... . i
for all accidents in 'n1du"t1.,","''c"n; " profit the resources which ought to be de
neallaence. The employer is the agent of I J . . . , ... ...,.
"X f-U.b,i?. "1 " a'h.0:.?. "?h.nuh ,.cy f t". permanent common advantage of th.
When he starts In motion agencies which PPla as a w JNrj8.
create risks for otners. ne anou.o .... a.. Th, ton of ,ne aov.rnnl,nt , fl.a. wi,n
the ordinary and extraorainary "" '" tn. puD0 jand haa Deen based upon the
volved; and tha risk ha thus at the moment ,am." prlnrlple a, tha, of tn. Keclamatlon
assumes-will ultimately be assumed aa g.rvice. Tha land law system which was
It ought to be. by the general public. Only dell n.d ,0 ,.., ,n. ne.d, of ,ha ferln.
In this way can the shock of the accident an(J wel.wa,area regions of the Middle
be diffused. Instead of falling upon the m-in WMt hM arg.iy broken down when ap-
or woman least able to bear It, , as t in now tne d th d regions of the great
case. Tha commun ty at large should share n mountaln. an4 much of ,h.
the burdens as wen as tn. pacific Slope, where a farm of 100 acres Is
dustry. By th; Proposed ?'h,1r1 Inadequate for self-support. In these
would gain a desirable certainty of obU- ..,, th, ,y.m .nt itself to fraud, and
gallon and get rid of litigation to deter- much ,and pa.d out of th, hand. f ,n,
mine It. while the workman and his lam- 0overnm.t without passing Into the hands
lly would ba reiievea irom a cru..ii..s .o.u. i 0( the hom..mak.r. The Department of the
With such a policy would coma Increased ,n.eI.lor and the Department of Justice
care, and accidents would ba reduced m I j0)n.d ln prosecuting tha offenders against
number. i the law; and they have accomplished mucn
Tha Congress snouia rami... m. ........." whl. wnere the administration of the law
of tha eight-hour law. i ne consiuuiiona. tr ha, defective It has been changed.
of the preeent law has recently neon cauea ut th ,lw, themselves are defective.
Into question, and tne uupreme touri na. i Thr.. yeara ago a public landa commission
decided that the existing legislation is un- i . .Dcinted to scrutinise the law, and de
remedy. Their ex-
showed tha existence
..... rr.a.ri nnnn tna mihll. flnm. n. ana
ba extended to the entlra work carried on I tnelr recommendations for changea In the
h ih. (lovernment; .and the present law I nr. mad. with tha deslan nf eonaerv-
should be amended to embrace contracts on I lng tb. natural resources of every part of
those puouc wor.. " . I the publlo lanas jy putting it to na best
questionably within the powers of the Con-1 f.cts. and recommend a
gress. The principle of the eight-hour day 1 amnaton specifically si
should aa rapidly and as far as practicable r wrwmi fraud upon tha
nit currency beln. lasued when the demand
... nt ih. act haa been construed to ex
clude. Tha general Introduction of the
eight-hour day ahould na tne goal towaro
hi-h we ahould steadily tend, and tha
Government ahould aat tha example la this
llni'bNrr InTeatlcaHon of Industrial
imyBK.,
Especial attention waa called to tha pre
vention of settlement by tha passage of
great areas of public land Into tha hands of
s few men, and to tha anormoua waste
caused by unreetrlcted grazing uon
open range. The recommendations of the
Publlo Landa Commission are sound, for
Strikes and lockouts, with their attendant I .naclallv In tha Interest or the
loss and suffering continue to Increase. For I actual homo-maker; and where tha smsll
. .. -. while aaourlna its retire- ' tha nva yeara enoing wtimu.. o, i .v.. ... nnrne-mekcr cannot at present utilise tha
for It was rn; . .fTit il wort iwnlla number ot aulkea waa greater than those lani. ,h.y proT,da ,hat the Government shall
Kent as tha demand fell oS. It ta wor,n wn.ia pr.v0ua tea yeara and waa7 double k. m,, of . tha, ,t may not ba
tnvestigaiing to o..-.. ..- - - th. Bomb.r in tha preceding nva years. monnpoHged , by a fe
svnd diroctora of National Tbaaa figures Indicate tha Increasing need n M y 'acU .
v., b. : js.i.nr ,t,5 "10, . m.ch.n w d..i -ith i itth.,.,.
Trust companies lahsuld ba " tbla elaaa of dlsturbancee In tha Interest ..m,,, to our Na
few men. Tha Congress
pon tbesa recommenda-
ao Just and proper, so
tlonal welfare, that
ama supervision as MnM. i.a. ... " ,ha .mpi,y. ths amploya and tha eontldent. ,h, oongreea will take
' , "a . h. TerrltoHaa. general publla. 1 ren.w 017 pm... 1 time to consider them, tnat tney will aiu
arm vv.uum - meadatlon tnal tne uongraw tawmai - 1 mataly ba adopted.
THE TABITT. ..... tha matter ml creating tha machinery I roRUrr. '
Thai oaaatry la dedaitsly asaunlttaC te 1 1 ssaaruUsry laveatlgaUoa sf anak la- OpUmlaaa la a .004 abarssteriaUs, knt U
POSTAL AFFAIRS.
end to the favorable cohalderatlon
of the Congress a postal savings bank sys
tem, as recommended by the Postmaster
General. The primary object Is to encourage
among our people economy and thrift, and by
the use of postal savings bunks to give them
an opportunity to husband their resources,
particularly tnose wno nave n:. ....
tles at hand for depoeltlhg their money In
savlnrs banks. Viewed, however, from the
experience of the part few weeks, it is evi
dent that the advantages of auch an Inatl
tltlon are still more far-reaching. Timid
depositors have withdrawn their savings for
the time being from National banks, trust
companies and savings banks; Individuals
have hoarded tnelr casn ana tne wor.n
men their earnings; all of which money has
been withheld and kept ln hiding or ln the
safe deposit box to the detriment of pros
perity. Through the agency of the postal
savings banks such money would be re
stored to the channels of trade, to ths mu
tual benefit of capital and labor.
I further commend to the Congrea. the con
sideration of the Postmarter-General's recom
mendation fpr the exleronon or tne parcel,
post, especially on the rural routes. There
are now aH.215 rural routes, serving nearly
15.000.000 people who do not have tn. aa
vnnta.ea nf t ha Inhabltanta of cities In ob
taining their supplies. These recommendations
have been drawn up to Denent .ne ai....r
and the country shopkeeper; otherwise, I
.linuld not fsvnr them, for I be Meve tnat lt
Is good policy for our Government to do
everything possible to aid the small town and
the country district. It Is diwlrabla that the
country merchant should not ba crushed out,
OKLAHOMA.
Oklahoma haa become a state. Standing On
a full equality with her elder sisters, and her
ruture Is aaaurea Dy ner great naiurui re
sources. The duty of the National Govern
ment to guard the personal and property rights
of the Indians within her borders remains of
course unchanged.
AMhHA
I reiterate my recommendations of last yesr
as regards Alaska. Home form of local self
government ahould be provided, as simple
and Inexpensive as possible; It Is Impossible
for the Congress to ai-vote tne neceacary inn.
to all the little details of neceanery Alaskan
l.vl.lntlnn. Hoad bulldlnx and railway build
ing should be encouraged. The Governor of
Alaska should be given an ample appropriation
wherewith to ornaniie a rnrce to preserve tne
nubile neace. Whlnky selling to the natives
ahould be made a felony. The coal land laws
should be changed ao as to meet tne peculiar
needs of the territory. This should be at
tended to at once: for the present laws permit
Individuals to locate large areas of tne puri
ne nnmaln for aoeculatlve DUrposes. and
cauae an Immense amount of trouble, fraud
and litigation. There should be another Ju
dicial division established. As early aa pos
sible lighthouses and buoys snouia ne estao
llshed as aids to navigation, especially In and
about Prince William Sound, and the survey
of the coast completed. There Is need of
llbersl appropriations for lighting and buoy.
Ing the southern coast and Improving the
aM. to navla-ation ln Southeastern Alaska.
One of the great industries of Alaska, as of
ruget riouna ana tne uiumui., .. nimun
fishing. Gradually, ny reason or iara o:
r.rnoar laws, this Industry Is being ruined
It should now be taken In charge, and ef
fectively protected, by the United Blates
Government. ,
The courage and enterprise of the eltlsens of
the far Northwest In their projretea Alaska.
i.linn-Paclftc lxixsltlon. to be held In HKlO.
should receive liberal encouragement. This
exposition Is not sentimental In Its concep
tion, but seeks to exploit the nstural re
sources of Alaska and to promote the com
merce, trade and Industry of the Pacific
Statss with their neighboring stste. snd with
our Insulsr possessions and tha neighboring
countries of the Pacific. The exposition asks
no losn from the Congress, but seeks appro
priations for Nstlonsl exhlblta and exhibits
of the Western dependencies of the General
Government. The Mate of Washington and
tna city of Seattle have shown the chsracter
Istlc Western enterprise In large donations
for the conduct of thla exposition. In which
other states are le.ir n.rous asslstaice.
HAWAII.
Tha unfortunate failure of the shipping bin
at tha laat session of tha last Congress was
followed by tha taking off of certain Pacific
ateamshlpa, whisk baa greatly tampered tha
ample provision Is now made by Congress
to put the Medical Corps where It should be
m.l dl.aatnr In the next war 18 Inevitable,
and the responsibility will not He with those
then In charge or tne war uepar......... in.
with those who now decline to make the
necessary provision.
Rut the Medical Department la not the
only department for which Increased pro
vision snouia be mnae. 1 ne rnto 01 par tor
the officers should be groatly Increased I
there Is no higher type of cltlzon than the
American regular officer, and he should
have a fair reward for his admirable work.
There should be a relatively even greater
Increase In ths pay ror the ennstea men. An
especial provision should be made for estab
lishing grades equivalent to those of war
rant officers In the Navy which ahould be
open to the enlisted men who serve suf
ficiently lung and who do their work well.
Inducements should be offered sufficient to
encourage really good men to make the
Army a life occupation. The prime needs
of our present Army Is to secure and retain
competent noncommissioned officers. This
difficulty rests fundamentally on tha ques
tion of pay.
The noncommissioned officer does not cor-
rspond with an unskilled laborer; he corre
sponds to the best type or sKlliea workman
or to the subordinate official In civil Insti
tutions. Wsges have greatly Increased In
outside occupations in the last 40 years and
the pay of the soldier, like the pay of. the
officers, should he proportionately Increased
The first sergeant of a company, If a good
man. must he one of such executive and
admlnletatlve ability, and such Vnowledge
of his trade, as to be worth far more than
we at present pay him. The same Is true
of the regimental sergeant major. The.
men should be men who hsa ruuy resoivea
to make the Army a life occupation and
they should lie able to look forward to
mil. reward: while only men properly
qualified should be given a chance to secure
thee, flnal r.wnras. - ne increase over tn.
present pay need not be great In the lower
grades for the first one or two enlistments,
but the Incrcs.e snouia ds maraea for tne
noncommissioned officers of the upper
grades who serve long enough to make It
evident thnt they Intend to stay perma
nently In the Army, while additional pay
should be given for high qualifications In
target practice.
Among the officers there should be se
vere examinations tn weed out the unfit
up to the grade of Major. From that po
sition on appointments should be solely by
selection and lt should be understood that
a man of merely average capacity could
never get beyond the position of Major,
while every man who serves In any grade
a certain length ef time prior to promotion
to the next grade without getting the pro
motion to the next grade should be forth
with retired. The practice marches and
field maneuvers of the last two or three
years have been Invaluable to the Army.
They should be continued and extended. A
rigid and not a perfunctory examination of
physical capacity has been provided for the
higher grade officers. This will work well.
Unless an officer haa a good physique, unless
he ran stand hardship, ride well, and walk
falily, he la not fit for any position, even
after he haa become a Colonel, before he
has beer me a Colonel the need for physical
fltneaa In the officer Is almost as great as
tn the enlisted man. I hope speedily to see
Introduced Into tha Army a far mora rigid
and thoroughgoing test of horsemanship for
all field officers than at present. There
should ba a Chief of Cavalry just aa there
Is a Chief of Artillery.
Perhaps the most Important of all legis
lation needed fur the benefit of the Army
Is a law to equalize and Increase the pay of
officers and enlisted men of the Army,
Navy, Marine Corps, and Revenue-Cutter
service Such a bill haa bsen prepared,
which It Is hoped will meet with your
favorable consideration. The next most
essential measure Is to authorise a number
of extra officers as mentaloned above. To
make the Army more attractive to enlisted
man. It Is absolutely essential to create a
service corps, such as exists In nearly every
modern army In the world, to do the skilled
and unskilled labor, Inseparably connected
with military administration, which la aow
Th. llasrue.
Tha Second International Peace Confer,
ence was convened at Tha Hague on th
15th of June last and remained In session
until the 18th of October. For the first
time the representatives of practically all
tha civilised countries of tha world united
In a temperate and kindly discussion of tha
methods by which the causes of war might
be narrowed and Its Injurious effects r
duced.
Although tha agreement! reached In tha
conference did not In any direction go t
the length hoped for by the mora sanguine,
yet tn many directions Important steps wera
taken, and upon every subject on the pro.
gramme there was such full and consider
ate discussion at to Justify the belief that
substantial progress has been made toward
further agreements In tha future. Thir
teen conventions were agreed upon embody
ing the definite conclusions which had been
reached, and resolutions were adopted mark-
In. the progress made in matters upon
tt.i,ich agreement was not yat sufficiently
complete to make conventions practicable.
tuba.
A vnar aro 111 eonseauenro of a revolu
tionary movement In Cuba which threatened
the Immediate return to chaos or tna isl
and, the United States Intervened, eendln. .
down an army and establishing a provision
al government under Governor Magoon. Ab
solute quiet and prosperity have returned
to the Island because of this action. We are
now taking steps to provide for elections
In the Island and our expectation Is within
the coming year to be able to turn tha
Island over again to a government choasn
by the people thereof. Cuba Is at our
doors. It Is not possible that this Nation
should permit Cuba again to sink Into the
condition from which wo rescued It. All
that we aak of the Cuban people Is that
they be prosperous, that they govern them
selves so as to bring content, order and
progress to their Island, tha Queen of tha
Antilles; and our only Interference has been
and will ba to help them achieve these re
sults. China.
I ask for authority to re-form tha agree
ment with China under which the Indemnity
of 11X10 was fixed, by remitting and cancel
ing the obligation of China for the pay
m.nt or all that Dr.rt of tha stipulated In
demnity which Is In excess of ths sum of
1 1 1.1155.41(2 0, and Intereat at 4 per cent-
After the rescue or tne roreign irg. tion.
In Pekln during the Hoxer troubles in
WOO the Powers required from China tha
payment of equitable Indemnities to tha
several nations, anu tne nnai prolog.,, un
der which the troops were withdrawn,
signed at Pekln, September 7, Urol, Iliad
the amount of thla Indemnity allotted to
the United States at over IM. 000,000. and
China paid, up lo and Including tha lat
day of June, last, a little over 10,000,000.
It was tne nrst intention or tnis uovern
tnent at tha proper time, when all ctalma
had been presented and all expenses ascer
tained as fully as possible, lo revue tha
estimates and account, and aa a proof of
sincere friendship for China voluntarily to
releaae that country from Its legal liability
for all payments in excess of tha sum which
should prove to be necessary for actual
Indemnity to tne unitea metes ana its siu-gens.
Chines muiicnts.
This Nation should help In every prac
ticable way In the education of ths Chinese
people, so that the vast and populous Em
pire of China may gradually adapt Itself to
monern conditions, un. w.y ut um.ig .....
Is by promoting the coming of Chinese stu
dents to this country and making It at
tractive to them to take courses at our uni
versities and higher educational Institutions.
Our educators should, so far as possible,
taks concerted action toward this end.
Intemaflionnl llureao of American Republic)
one til the results of the Pan-American
Conference nt Itlo Janeiro In the Bummea
of l06 has been a great Increase In tha
activity and usefulness of the International
Dureau of American Republics. That In
stitution, which Includes all tha American
Republics ln Its membership and brings all
their representatives together. Is doing a
really valuable work In Informing tha peo
ple of the United States about the other
Republics and In making tha United Stataa
known to them. Ha action la now limited
by appropriations determined when It waa
doing a work on a much smaller scale and
rendering much less valuable service. I
recommend that tha contribution of thla
Government to tha expenses of tha bureau
be mada commensurate with Its lneresse
work. THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
Tha Whit House, December C 1T.