Wallowa County chieftain., April 22, 1909, Image 5

tfaUou-a Gountg Oicftau
tvTpioncer Paper
Published in J884. Published ever
ThurnUw by The Enterprise Pyaw
K East Bide Court Hous
Square.
DAY. APRIL 22, ,19M.
- WOOLGROWERS.
Bv far the largest ana -y
industry or occupation in th:
" is the sheep business. 1
most clear inoney into the
county and to the w
so far of our prosperity
so chief cornersium-
It is not
so .profitable, woo,
was a few yea"
woolgrowers a , as
ag0 wnen ui
. , (r9 and the rang
To offset the extra expenses tha.
Incurred, the woolgrowers have tlv
Soad'and -e Uding a
heat proof warehouse n Enterprise,
the site being selected because of lb
central location being mo
lent to the sueapmen as a whole.
One of the very largest flockma,
ters in the county, a director of tU
warehouse company, but who live
near Joseph and dpes the bulk q
his trading there, stated at the tim
the location was selected: "Joaepl
might be a little more convenient fo
for nie, but EaterprUe is by far th
most central tont, taking all th.
woolgrowers! into consideration."
Bearing alt tbeie facts lu mind, i
Is strange that a paper published H
the county should lend its column
to atacks upon the cooperative pre
ject promoted by the sheepmen t
lessen the expenses of the busiaei'
as a whole, a? did the Joseph Herai
last week in It3 utterly uncalled fo
and untruthful attack' upon the ware
house.
One wonders where tha inspiration
conies from for such attacks. Th?
woolgrowers know how . to deal
with their four-'ejsei enemies but
this other kind is a new specie, and
will probably require a special kind
of bounty.
eer, the harm intended wil'
doubtless leict. The concrete ware
house In Enterprise will be an ever
lasting monun-ent ta the progress
iveness of the Wallowa county wool
growers long a tar its detractors'
are dust and forjottm.
THE CITY ELECTION.
There is no s-e ial issue at stake
In the city elscto.i to be held Tues-j
(lay, .May 4. The -general advancement ;
of the town, improvemsnts to keap
step with its rapid growth and
an economical aiministration of uf
fairs are asrurjd by the charactar
of the men placed in nomination at
the mass meeting Wednesday night.
There is a choice offered the
voters between two candidates for
each office. And in our judgement
no mistake will be made in the elec
tion of any man on the ticket. It is
wholly a matter of personal choice.
With the many public and private
improvements now under way. Enter
prise is having a veritable building
boom. This city has grown rapidly
"nxuxijraxaxrsEsiaaaaxssEESzsasisizsuaaEiiiBH
L
D
m
Dealer in
Harness, Saddles, Chapps, Spurs, and Leather
Goods of all descriptions.
I will fit you out with the best goods for the least
money. When in need of anything in my line, call and
inspet my'stock before purchasing.
ENTERPRISE, - - - OREGON
.EBlBEBBiaEBESKna.ttaEEEtX3
We Have The Best
and only complete line of Hardware in the County
Call and inspect our goods ajd compare our prices
with others.
S. D. KELTNER
THE HARDWARE DEALER.
La Grande Iron Works.
D. FITZGERALD, Proprietor.
Foundry and Machine Shop. Casting and Ma
chine Work done on short notice.
WE ALSO MANUFACTURE FEED MILLS
Sawmill break down jobs promptly attended to
GIVE US A TRIAL
xnd steadilv for the last four yefsra.
has more than dojblei In population
in that time, but at no time has the
growth been bo fast and sjbstautuj
as it is now. The population -will
easily pass the 1500 mark before'
snow flies next fall.
Enterprise i going to outdo the
aigh mark set here two years ago in
he celebration of the Fourth of July,
"reparations have begun this earl
hat the best attractions may be
jbtained. The biggest and most
mjoyable time ever in Wallowa
ounty iil occur in Enterprise this
luly 4.
Wo.-ds to Fresze the Soul.
"Your s:n hai Consumption. His
iase is hope'.es3." These appalling
vords were spoken to Geo. E. Biev
ans, a leading merchant of Spring
ield, N. C by two expert doctors
-one a lung specialist. Then was
liown the wonuer.'ul power of Dr.
Ungs New Discovery. "After three
eeks use," writes Mr. Blevens, "he
;as as w e 1 as e ,-er. 1 would not
ike all fie mcney In the world for
hat it til for my bo." Infallible
a- Coughs and Colds, its the safest,
urest cure of desperata Lung di -ases
on etrtX iiOc and J I J). Uuar
.ntee satis.actloa. Trial bottle frea.
vll drugsists.
Jackson & Weaver, the new drug
inn, have received six of their show
ases that were lung delayed on the
oad.
formation Concerning Eighth Grade
Final Examinations.
1. Dates:
Three examinations annually. Each
junty superintendent to select
lonths for his county.
(a) January 21-22, 1909.
lb) May 13-14, 1909.
c) June 10-11, 1909.
(d) September 2-3, 1909.
2. Program :
(a) Thursdays Arithmetic, Writ
lug, History, and Civil Govern
ment.
(b) Fridays Grammar, Physioi
ogy, Geography, and Spelling.
3. Sources of Questions:
(a) Civil Government United
Sta es Constitution.
(b) Geography State Course
of Study: Reiway and HinmanV
Natural School Geography.
(c) ' History List of topics from
History Out ine in State Course
of Study and Current Events.
(d) Language Buehler's Modern
English Grammar, no diagram
ming.
(e) Reading The teacher will
send to the County Superintend
ent the applicant's class standing
in reading, which shall be taken
by such superintendent as the ap
plieants standing on the subject.
(f) Spelling Eighty per cent
from Read's Word Lessons, and
twenty par cent, from manuscript
in Language.
(g) Writing Specimens of pen
manship as indicated in copied
matter and from manuscript in
Language.
Respectfully submitted,
J. H. ACKERMAN,
Supt. Public Instruction.
J. C. CONLEY,
Supt. of Schools.
riaod
5
ome Course In
Modern Agricu lture
VI. How Plants Arc Propagated
By C V. GREGORY,
Agricultural Hi-oUion. lotva Jtaft Collect
Copyright. 1BOO, by Amerian
I
N order to continue to raise cross
irom year to year we must props-;
gate the plants In some wav
There are two principal wava of
doing this by seeds and by divisions
of the plant Itself. The most Impor
tnnt of these Is by seeds, as it is in
this way that most of the ordinary
farm crops are multiplied.
Ia order to understand this process
we must first learn how the seeds are
formed. The tassel of the corn is the
male flower and the silk the female.
Some plantR, such as certain varieties
of strawberries, have only female
flowers and must be planted In alter
nate rows with varieties which have
both elnds or blossoms. In other
plants the male and female flowers
are combined in one. This is the case
with the apple and many other fruits.
In the apple the stamens, or male
parts, grow lu a ring around the pistil,
or female part, which is in the center
of the flower. The top of a stamen,
which Is expanded. Is called the an
ther. This contains a yellow dust,
the pollen.
The upper portion of the pistil is
called the stigma. From it a tube
called the style leads downward to
the ovary. This ovary contains one
or more egg shaped cells called ovules.
Each of these ovules is capable of de
veloping into a seed If fertilized with '
a pollen grain. When a grain of pol
len alights on a ripe stigma it is held
by a sticky substance secreted there.
It soon germinates and sends a long,
threadlike projection down through
the style to the ovary. This slender
projection enters the ovary, and the
resultant union of the male and female
elements causes a seed to develop.
One pollen grain Is required for each
ovule, and each ovule develops into a
separate seed. There are many thou
sand pollen grains produced by each
stamen, and as there are several sta
mens for each pistil you will see that
a great excess of pollen is produced.
This Is one of nature's methods of
making reproduction more certain.
In flowers like the apple the pollen
may sometimes fall directly on the
stigma in the same flower. More often,
however, the stamen and pistils rlpeu
at different times. The object of this
Is to prevent self fertilization, which. If
long continued, will weaken the vitali
ty of the coming generations. Cross
pollination that Is, the fertilization of
the ovule of oue flower by the pollen
from another plant unites the strength
of both parents and produces larger,
hardier seed.
This bus been proved by many exper
iments. If the tassels are pulled from
a row of corn before they have time to
shed their pollen, the silks must neces
sarily be fertilized by pollen from oth
er stalks. The cross pollination will
cause the detasselcd rows to produce
heavier and larger ears. If this proc
ess is continued from year to year the
yielding power of thut particular strain
will be considerably Increased.
In such plants as corn the wind car
ries the pollen for rods In every direc
tion.
The air in the cornfield ia so
filled with the yellow dust thut there Is j
celdom any danger that the silks will .
fail to catch more than plenty to fer
tlllze each of the many ovules that are
to form the future kernels.
Some plants, however, are not so for
tunate In this respect. The pollen of
fruit trees is carried to some extent by
the wind, but not nearly so much so
as that of corn. In such plants as
PIO. XII SECTION OF CHEKIIT BLO88OX
(SHOWING WALE AND fEilAL FAUTd.
clover the stuuicus are at the bottom
of a slender tube, from which they
cannot escape unaided. Tlauts of this
nature are dependent on Insects to
transfer pollen from one flower to an
other. In order to attract these insects
the flowers secrete a sweet nectar,
which collects in the bottom of the
tubes of which the flowers are com
posed. Ants, flies, butterflies and bees are
very fond of this nectar and in collect
ing it carry the pollen of one flower to
the stigma of another. Bees are most
important In doing this work because
they gather so much more of the nec
tar than do tho other Insects. They
j often carry home some of the pollen,
too, which can be seen sticking In yel
' low balls to their hind legs, but enough
i is always brushed of to fertilize the
I flowers which they visit The blos-
soms of red clover are so large that the
short tongues of ordinary honeybees
j cannot reach to the bottom. It Is upon
1 the larger bumblebees that this crop
depends for Its ability to produce seed,
j Indeed, it is so entirely dependent
1 upon them that the crop of clover seed
ls in direct proportion to the number
i of bumblebees In the neighborhood. It
! Is anything but pleasant to run Into a
big nest of bumblebees with a mower
Prei Association
nr rota K.-if Kf t...:i.t -
V
orr th?m stop to th nk whethor you
want a crop of clover seed or not.
Some beekeepers are developing
strains of honeybees wltU exceptional
ly long tongues. Some -of these are
nble to obtain honey from second crop
red clover, which has smaller U.isonis
than the first crop. When these strains
of bees become n little better developed
and more widely dl--trKted the use
fulness of the bumblebee wl'l be over.
In the case of small grain cross
fertilization Is Impossible, since tbe
flower Is Inside of a closed hull. Two
varieties of wheat mny be pl.tntcd in
adjoining fields or even In the samj
field wlthont the Fliphrest danrvr of
mixing. Varieties if corn, on the oth
er hand, often mix when as much as
forty rods apart.
The selection of seed corn will be.
taken up In the next artJMc. The let
1
Scien
PIO. XIII THU STOCK AM) bClON KEADt 10
Kit VMlti).
method of selecting small grain Is by
means of the fanning mill. By run
ning through three or four times as
much seed as is needed all the small
grains may be sieveJ out and the light
ones blown over, leaving only the heav
iest, strongest ones for planting.
Grain that Is intended for seed should
be stored carefully lu order thut It mny
go through the winter uninjured. The
chief enemies of stored seed are mois
ture. Insects and ruts and mice. The
seed should be dry when stored and
kept where moisture cannot gain ac
cess to it. Dry seed will stand n I most
any amount of freezing without Injury.
There are a number" of Insects tha$
damage seed crnin bv burrow lm? Into
tue gerui- If tl)(. 8ewl rooln , Kllt
they may be k,t.d by fUI11g(lUng with
carbon dlsulphlde used at the rate of a
pound to each thousand cubic feet of
space. Place this lu an opeu dish on
top of the seed, close the room as
tightly as possible, and In a few hours
the insects will be exterminated. Care-
should be taken not to go near the
room with a light,- as the gas Is ex
plosive. This same treatment Is also
fatal to rats and mice, unless they
have some way of escaping from the
I- )o:u. If possible the seed room should
I ? so well built that these pests can
not get Into It. '
The second method of plant propa
gation is by division thnt Is, by plant
ing parts of the plant itself. Potatoes
are propagated lu this way almost en
tlrely. If small willow aud poplar
branches ore stuck Into the ground,
they will grow Into trees. Apple aud
other fruit trees are propaguted either
by grafting or budding. Apple trees
may be raised from seed, but the
fruit of seedling trees is usually worth
less. By taking a part of the tree and
growing another from it. It will, of
course, bear the same kind of fruit.
Grafting consists of joining pieces
of small branches or scions of the tree
which Is to be propagated to pieces of
roots or stocks. The roots of yearling
seedlings are used for stocks. The
scions, which should be about the wl'.e
of a lead pencil, should be cut In the
fall and packed In smid, Tim grafting
can be done at any time during the
winter. AH that is necessary Is to cut '
the lower end of the scion and the' up- j
per end of the stock at an angle', as 1
shown in Fig. 13. These are then j
carefully fitted together, and tied with j
a little common string. The essential
poiut Is to be sure to have the cuui-
blum layer of the scion Join that of !
the stock. This cambium layer Is the .
thin, light brown portion between' the
bark and the wood. It Is the point j
where growth takes place. ''."' i
The completed graft, which should I
be eight to ten inches lyng, is again
packed tn sand. ' In the spring the 1
grafts are planted in . a row in the '
garden, and left until they ere' two !
or three years old, when they may be '
transplanted to their permanent place i
la the orchard.
i
1 Fo'ey's Honey and Tar Is a safe-
, guard against serious result from
spring colds, which Inflame the !ungs
and develop Into pneumonia. Avoid
counterfeits, by insisting upon hav
ing the genuine Foley's Honey and
Tar, "whl.-h contains no harmful
drugs, rturnaugh ft Mayfleld,
Euchr an Old Frsnch Gams.
Euchre Is the ancient French game
of triliuipho. The early French set
tlors biougut: the game to America and
played It with thirty-two cards. As
commonly played In this country today
twenty-four rsrds are used In four
h-tnded pnmts.
People past middle life usually
have some kidney or bladder disor
der that saps the vitality, which Is
naturally lower in old age. Foley's
Ki.lney Remedy corrects urinary
troubles, stimulates the kidneys, and
restores strength and vigor. It
cures uric acid troubles by strength
ening the kidneys so they will strain
out the u:lc acid that settles in the
muscles and joints causing rheuma
tism. Duinaugh & Mayfieid.
Ths Cotton Gin.
Mrs. Catherine Greene of Rhode Is
land, widow of General Nathanael
Greene of Revolutionary fame. Is said
to have invented the cotton gin, but to
have allowed Ell Whitney to take out
the patent through modesty. .
Mr. F. G. Frltts, Oneonta, N. Y
writes: "My little girl was greatly
benefitted by taking Foley's Orlne
Laxative, and I think it Is the best
remedy for constipation and liver
trouble.' Foley's Orlno Laxatlnve
:s beit for women and children, as
it is mild, . pleasant and effective,
and Is a splendid spring medicine,
as It cleanses the system and clears
the complexion. Burnaugh ft May
field. Wear of Coins In Circulation.
The loss Incurred by the wearing of
coins -hi circulation has beeu made the
sobject 'of a number of precise experi
ments, from which it was ascertained
tlwt $:0O worth of five dollar gold
pieces lost uver $13 of their value In
100 years. . . -
If you have backache and urinary
troubles you should take Foley's Kid
ney Remedy, and strengthen and. build
a the kl lneys so they, will act prop
erly, ' as a' sei'lous. kidney ' trouble
may develop. Burnaugh ft May
field. ...
. ' National Unelss.
National pawnshops are maintained
by the ' French aud Italian govern
ments. ' ' '
During the spring every one would
be benefitted by taking Foley's Kidney-
Remedy, it furnishes a needed
tonic to the kidneys after the, extra
uraln of winter, and it purifies the
blood by stimulating the kidneys, and
ci m,i,s them to e'.lminate the lmpur
iliej from it. - Fo;ey'g Kidney Rem
edy . Imparts . new life and vigor,
i'ieasaut to take. Durnaugh ft May.
field. .
Spanish ' Marriages;
In tho announcement of marriages
In Spain the ages of the contracting
pnrnes are always given.
. For Constipation.
ir. L. If. Farnbaro, a prominent
driigglst o! Spirit Lake, Iowa, says:'
"Chamberlain's Stomach and IJver
Tablets are certainly the best thing
on the market for constipation."
Give tlie3e tablets a trial. You are
lain to find them agreeable and
lileasa t in e f e t. Price 25 cents.
Samples free. For sale by Burnaugh
& Mayfleld. '
Longwood.
Longwood. the bouse Napoleon oc
cupied on St Helena, was given to the
French by Queen Victoria. ,
Now 1j the time to use the squirrel
poison, when they are first coming
out. Get Strychnine, the kind that
kills. Don't be fooled by a cheap and
inferior quality. The genuine Is for
sale by Burnaugh ft Mayfleld, the
druggists.
. . Psru.
. Teru received Its name from Its prin
cipal river, the Rio Paro, upon which
stands the ancient city of Paruru. The
Brazilian term para, however modified
Is at all times suggestive of a river.
TREES AT WHOLESALE PRICES
We have in our packing ground
trees in (irsU-lass condition we
wi 1 sell at the following prices:
Apple trees, 12c each ' '
Pear' trees, 15c each
Plum and Prune trees 15c each
Cherry trees, 25c each
Peach trees, 15c each.
Pox Eller trees, 10 to 15c each
Roses, 26c each.
Strawberries, 3.B0 per 1000.
'- fresh dug.
' Raspberries and blackberries,
2.60 rer 100..
. ' We will pay express on orders
, amounting to $10.
UNION NURSERIES
J- U.WEAVER, Prop Union, Oregon,
Up Bsfore tha Bar.
N. H. Brown, an attorney, oi Pitta
field. Vt writes -We have used Dr.
King's New Life Pills for years and
find them such a gool family medi
cine we wouldn't be without there.
For Chills, Constipation, Biliousness
or Sick Headache they work wonders
25c. Alf druggists.
Caml of Asia.
What are known as camels tq. Asia
Minor are In reality a common aperies
of dromedary. Camels have two
bumps, while the race found la Smjr-
I'd Rather Die, Dostor,
than have my feet cut off," said M.
L. Bingham, or Prlncevllle, 111, "but
you'll die from gangrene (which had
eaten aay eight toes) If you don't,'
said all doctors; Instead he used
Bucklens Arnica Salve till wholly
cured, its cure of Ecieraa, Fever
gores, Bolls, Burns and Piles as
tound the world. 25c. at all drug
gists. Th Illusion e Night.
I sometimes fancy Hint every great
city must have been built by night.
At least It Is only at nl;;ht that every
pnrt cf a great Ity is great. All archl
tectnre Is great architecture after son
set. I'erhnps arehltectnre is really a
nocturnal art. Ilktt the art of fireworks.
At least I think many people of those
nobler trades that work by night (Jour
nalists. iH)lleemen, burglars, coffee stall
keepers and such mistaken enthusiasts
ns refuse to go home till mornlnc)
muat often have stood admiring some
black bulk of building with a crown of
bnttlemmits or a crest of spires and
then burst Into tears at daybreak to
discover thut It was only a haberdash
er a shop with huge gold letters across
the face of It O. A. Chesterton l
Loudon News.- . .
"Most ordinary colds will yield to
the simplest treatment, "says the
Chicago Tribune, 'moJeratlve laxa
tives, hot foot baths, a free perspi
ration and an avoidance of exposure
to cold and wet after . treatment."
While this treatment is simple, It
requires considerable trouble and
the one adopting it must remain in
doors for a day or. two, or a fresh
cold Is almost sure to be contracted,
and in many Instances pneumonia fol
lows. .Is it not better to pin your
faith to an old reliable preparation
like Chamberlain's Cough Remedy,
that Is famous for Its cures of colds
and can always be depeuded uponT
For sale by Burnaugh ft Mayfleld.
An Eccentrlo Russian Doctor.
. The famous Russian, the late Dr.
Zaharln, was noted for his eccentric
methods. When Mimmoned to attend
Ctar Alexander 111. In his lust Illness,
Dr. Zaharln required the same prep
aration for bis visit to the palace aa
to any of his patients' houses. That la
to aay, all dogs had to be. kept out of
the wuy, all clocks stopped and every
door thrown wide open. lie left hla
fura In the hall, bis overcoat In the
next room, bis galoches lu the third,
nnd, continuing, arrived at the bedside
in ordinary indoor costume. lie eat
down after walking every few yarda
and every eight steps In going up
stair. From the patient's relatives
and every oue else In the house he re
quired absolute silence until he 8oke
to thorn, when bis questions bsd to be
answered by "Yes" or "No" and noth
ing more.
Emmanuel at Presbyterian church,
April 30.
WF UY PUM N.
Block IiiiH'iir fo WhiI mi
County.
JOSEPH, OREOON
S. K. Clark
PlumWfen Filler
Full line of ' plumbing
t atcrial.
Satisfaction Guaranteed
Shop at Keltner's Hardware Str
Leave Orders.
ENTERPRISE
OPERA HOUSE
Watch for
Next
Announce-ment