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Z2LgJX BOA RDM AN, MORROW COUNTY, OREGON, FRIDAY, MAY 16, 192-1 """" " "" " NUMBER 13
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WHAT IS PROPER PASTEUR
IZATION OF .MILK?
A raw beefsteak and a bottle of
raw milk are two of the finest food
substances but it is not safe to con
sume either of them in that condi
tion.
We all understand that raw beet
steak should be made safe by cook
ing but have not all come to real
ize that precisely the same sanitar
reasons which deter us from serv
ing raw beef steak to our childrer
should prevent us from giving their
raw milk. Raw milk should be made
safe by application of heat.
Fortunately we like the flavor o!
cooked meat but unfortunately w
do not like the flavor of boiled milk
Therefore the home treatment ol
raw milk so as to make it safe anr
at the same time preserve its de
lightful flavor is a difficult under
taking.
Close observation has shown tha
the cooked taste begins to appea;
when milk is held for some time a
or above 145 degree? Fahrenheit
Accordingly the problem of prepar
ing a safe and palatable milk is on'
of determining the proper exposur
at or below 145 degrees F. require
to make milk entirely safe.
The studies of Doctor Theobab
Smith of the Harvard Medica
School, of Professors Russell an
Hastings of the University of Wb
conain, and Doctor M. J. Rosena.
of the U. S. Health service have a!
agreed that milk is made safe b
holding it at 140 degrees F. for tit
teen minutes.
Because in the heat treatment c
milk we are safeguarding huma
life, it is customary and desirabl
to heat milk to at least 142 degree
F. for at least thirty- minutes thu
giving a margin of safey of 150 pi
cent. Such heat treatment will un
questionably destroy any diseas
germs which may have found thei
way into it and will render the mil!
safe.
SILVER JUBILEE OF SMALL VOLUME FARMING
MAY CAUSE IA)V PROFITS
CLASS OF TO 111 ; HELD
JUNE (I AND 7
Many Oregon farms who fail to
The Silver Jubilee reunion of the'make money fail because their total
lass of 1 899 will be held June J voume ot farm business is too small,
ind 7 on the college campus, when according to cost production studies
those who finished college a quart-1 conducted by the state college ex-
r ot a century ago will return to; UU51UU service, i.ross receipts are so
heir alma mater and renew old aa-octatioTis.
Twenty of the 30 living members
f the class have already declared
they will be there rain or shine.
Tohn Aldrich is coming all the way
rom Lincoln, Nebraska. Fred Ed
vards says he is going to go If he
ias to walk all the way from east
rn Oregon. J. A. Van Groos is class
tanager, assisted by Mrs. J. R.
ooley of Cottage Grove, Mrs. J. T.
Wiley of Portland. Frd Edwards
if Fossil and Pre ssor Harry
Beard of Corvallis. These '99-ers are
forking hard for a 100 per cent re
turn of the class. The member
'arthest away is William Henry
leach, Madison, Wis.
The drive now on to get the en
ire class together on the oatnpus
rtU jnot be repeated unti 191,4 ft
hen the Golden Jubilee will be
elebrated. Fred Edwards says he
xpects to attend hat also.
'OW-TEST RECORDS SHOW
VALUE Ok-' PUREBRED DULLS
A tabulation has .iust been com
peted by the Rureau of Aanimal
ndustrv, United States Department
f Agriculture, in whljch the rec
rds of "84 (rade daughters of pure
red dairy bulls were compared
'ith the records of their dams The
verage yearly butterfat production
f the dams was 309 pounds, and $2000 'and $3000
light that overhead and other expens
es eat up all the profits.
The average annual receipts of
2S1 dairy farms, as determined by
farm management surveys i:i 1920
22, totaled only $2863. These were
averaged size farms and the result l
fairly representative of that type of
farming, says R. S. Besse of the ex
tension service.
"Now from these gross receipts,"
Mr. Besse explains, "all cash ex
penses of production and operation
and all interest on borrowed capital
must be deducted. The balance rep
resents the amount the farmer has
left for interest on his investment
and for his labor and the labor of
his family.
"While these figures look a bit
discouraging, there is very little
about them to depress farmers.
i ney represent averages. When all
the facts are known about the in
dividual incomes it is clear that
many of the farmers were making
BiCS profits, while others were los
ing inory.
"Analysis of the individual rec
ords shows thai, while 90 of these
dairymen had a gross income of less
than $2000 per year, 58 of them !
inane trom ?:'.tiuu to $4000 gross
income, :!fi made from $1000 to
$5000 gross income and 30 made
gross incomes ranging from $5000
to $14,000 per pear. The remaind
er, (i7, fell into the class between
FARM POINTERS
(From o. A. C. Evprrtment Station)
Toji dressings of gyivrnm on the
meadow at this time will greatly in
crease the coining hay crop. Broad
cast at the rate of 100 pounds per
acre is the usual application. It is
often advisable to leave a strip entreat-
in order to comp;:ra tha
benefits of the gypsum application.
Landplaster as sold on the Oregon
market varies in price, it should
always be purchased on the basis
of percent of calcium sulphate con
tained. Landplaster analyzing 80 per
cent calcium sulphata is worih only
four-fifths as much as that analvz
Ing 95 per cent.
For powdery mildew of Jonathans,
Grimms and iime apples and d'An
jou pears, the best control is the pre
btark and the pink spray applications.
Later sprays combined with cutting
out of mildewed shoots will keep the
foliage clean. The O. A. C. experi
ment station also uses sulphur dust
against mildew in drv weather with
excellent results.
In the milk ultilizatton campaign
I carried on in Benton County. Iowa,
I during 1 923. attent n was largeh
I directed to the home consumption
of milk, but 14 townships were tn-
terested in rhecst. -making as a phase
I of milk ulUI'zation. About 900
pounds of cheese were made In the
j county, according to a report re
I celved by the United 3;atss Depart
ment of Agriculture.
" 'Belter sires and better feed-
1 Ing' is one of the thing that we Will
make progress on in Kentucky ihn
year." This statement in a tetter
fron Wayland Rhoads, field agent
in anlmi.l husbandry of the Univer
sity of Kentucky, to the United
; States Department of Agriculture.
' was accompanied with 270 applica
tions for membership in the "Better
Sir. Better Stock" campaign
Each of the 270 poisons had signed
a pledge that h- would use pure
bred sires exclusively lor all kinds
Ot livestock raised. Eighteen coun
ties were represented.
Weather and Umbrellas
The business of the umbrella
dealer is, of course, to anticipate
the demand for his wares In tj , i
provide his patrons with protection.
A report received by tue VVeatuu'
Bureau of the United States 'Vn i
meut of Agriculture states that an
umbrella deaier, i.o it. c..a.. .
with having made the dollar fa-i.on-
iocali;. , had ordered deliveries
in bull; during the autumn; but on
seeing a diagram of normal preci
tation by months ordered deliveries
theieatur on the first of each month
proportional to the number of inch
es of normal precipitation. Having
a 3 0-day arrangement for remit
tances, he has since usually tran?
rrted business on the manufactur
er's capital, has had a better op
portunity to store his surplus stock
and to follow styles, and has filled
In the dry summer months with
parasols. Through a period of years
the climate can usually be foreseen
in a general way if the specific
weather can not. T'le umbrella sea
son is no better defined in the coun
try's weather records than are the
fur-clothing, house-painting, or
countless other seasons
CHEESE BUYER APPROVES
NEW GOVERNMENT METHOl
That the work of the Unite
States Department of Agriculture ii
improving the methods of mar.t
facturing Swiss cheese has been sw
cqssful was shown not long agi
when one of the largest buyers (
this kind of cheese in the count r
made the statement to the chief o
the dairy division that he bougl
all the product made in this wa
that he is able to obtain. He addf-'
that he considers Swiss cheese mad
in this way the finest made hen
Another evidence of this man's pr
ference is shown by the fact that !'
has hired the Government man wh
was in charge of this cheese wor
in the field and has made effort
tp get another man engaged in thi
work.
This Swiss cheese discovery con
slsted essentially in a method o
controlling the "eye" formation
The organisms which produce thi
effect were found, and it is now po
sible to Introduce into the milk tk
specific, cultures which produce th
desired result instead of leaving i
largely to chance, as has been don
for generations. It is now possih!
to produce a much higher percent
age of the best quality cheese.
WINTER APIARY LOSSES
AMOUNT TO 12 PER (EN
The winter, loss suffered by bee
keepers in the United States, a'
cording to investigations made b
the department of Agriculture
amounts to 12 per cent of th
swarms. The conclusion of the in
vestigators is that any industry
which can stand a loss of 12 per
cent of all animals in it can prob
ably be made much more profitable
by removing the case, which is pos
slble to a considerable extent. This
winter's loss is the largest loss suf
fered by honey producers, but it
Is not so discouraging as losses fron
diseases, as a disease often menaces
the entire apiary.
The departmest has studied thf
question of proper temperature an'
other environmental conditions Of
the hive in the winter and has pub
ljshed Information which makes it
possible to cut down the great loss
Many beekeepers have availed them
selves of this Information, but the
great winter losses of bee population
will not be much reduced until
more persons In the vusiness make
use of what Is known about manate-
ment. The man who keeps up wlthj
the newest Information is the one '
who will make the greatest profit ;
from his bees.
hat of the daughters 313 pounds
"he daughters excelled! the da?
ith a margin of only 4 pounds of
utterfat a year, but the fact that
hey excelled such high-producing
dams at all speaks very well for
the class of purebred dairy bull?
that is being used in the eow-test-
ig association herds from which
hese records came. In this connec
ion, estimates show that the aver
ge butterfat production of milk
ows in the United States is only
'60 pounds annually.
The records of the darns were
rranged in five groups according to
iroduction of butterfat. These five
roups averaged 100, 200, 300, 400
'nd 500 pounds respectively. The
laughters of the first or 100-pound
rroup produced 74 pounds more
butterfat than their dams . The
laughters of the second group pro
luced 55 pounds more butterfat
ban their dams. The daughters of
he third group produced 9 pounds
lore butterfat than their dams.
The daughters of the fourth group
Produced 26 pounds more butterfat
han their dams. The daughters of
the fifth or last group produced 8 6
pounds less butterfat than their
dams.
From these figures we may con-
"The farmers with the gross in
come of less than $3000 had at best
a narrow margin left for profit aft
er all expenses were deducted.
Farmers falling under that class
may well afford to adjust their
operations, in order to increase net
farm income."
I SOUTHWESTERN TOWN TRIES
ELMS INTRODUCED BIT U. 8.
One of the benefits from the in
troduction of plants from all parts
of the world by the United States
Department of Agriculture is em
phasized in an article published in
a leal newspaper of Carlsbad, New
Mexico. "The local park commis
sion." says the paper, "is deeply In
debted to the Bureau of Plant In
dustry for the Interest and assist
ance which that bureau has shown
in helping this section of the 'tree
less' southwest In providing quanti
ties of shade trees."
The Department of Agriculture,
through the Office of Foreign Seed
and Plant Introduction, secured
seeds of the Chinese elm some year
ago and has distributed many trees
throughout the country. As a result
of this effort, it may now be said
that the species is fairly established
lude that good purebred bulls are : In the United States, where it prom
needed for every dairy herd and 191 to become a popular and valu
that purebred bulls selected from , able shade tree in many regions,
very high producing ancestry areFor it Is a singular feature of this
required when the production rec-i plant, whose native home is In nor
ords of the dams are above 300 thern China and Manchuria, that it
pounds of butterfat a year As the succeeds equally well In the arid
xverage production of herds advance southwest, the Eastern States, and
Jetter and still better bulls are ' the northern Great Plains region.
needed to maintaip and to increase
production.
Attention to drain outlets is usual
ly given at this time, and new tile
systems for spring planned. Digging
ditches between rains will help.
New Ladder Invented
An Illinois Inventor has patented n
stepiadder that COB be converted into
j u straight one by swinging the sec
tions Into alignment and fa.Meulufc
i them.
OFFICIAL DESIGN OF THE OLD
OREGON TRAIL ASSOCIATION
An extension agent in Virginia
called on the specialist In rural en
gineering for advice In the case of
a woman who wished to install run
ning water In her home. A report
received by the United States De
partment of Agriculture states that
after a survey of the premises It
was found that th housewife was
walking 140 miles per year and ex
pending enough energy in lifting
water to do the work of two horses j
In plowing 11 acres of land. A small
hydraulic ram. overhead storage,
kitchen sink, and waste pipe were I
purchased for $49, which put run
ning water into the kitchen.
1 VS..
t M fV ' ?
Read the home paper.
The design of the ox team and covered wagon symbolizes
the spirit of the old west.
It'typifies vision, enuurance, hope, suffering and final ac
complishment. Over the Old Oregon Trail from the Missouri river the cov
ered wagons came and won an empire for the United States.
The design is the work of Avard Fairbanks of the University
of Oregon.
Di
Our Pet Peeve
j
COMING TO
Umatilla
Saturday
May 17
Smart Millinery Display
The millinery section of the Hanger and Thompson Company, of Walla
Walla, are bringing to the people of I mat ilia and surrounding country, their
first real opportunity to see this season's smart new hats, for street, sports or
formal wear. Mind you this is somet thing new, for a large department
store to bring their smartest creations to your community, and here's the
reason
Simply overstocked that's all. Due to a backward buving season. From
NINE A. M. TO NINE P. M. these chic models will be on display at the
Earl Brownell Store
Umatilla Oregon
Modish fabrics deehn p these new smart models. In straw s or silks,
crepes, a touch of lace, a sparkling pin, and chic ribbons trim the
smarter shapes. A fascinating group for your approval at
UNUSUALLY MODERATE PRICES
MILLINKRY SECTION
Hanger & Thompson
WALLA WALLA, WASH.